Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Development of SARS-CoV-2

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 94 - 101, 01.09.2020

Abstract

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 adı verilen yeni bir koronavirüsün neden olduğu viral bir solunum hastalığıdır . Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, Çin'de ortaya çıkan ve pek çok ülkeye yayılan koronavirüsü pandemi olarak ilan etti. Virüs, geçen yılın sonunda deniz ürünleri toptancı pazarında ortaya çıktığı için enfekte vakaların sayısı çarpıcı biçimde artmaktadır. Virüs bronkoalveoler lavaj ,balgam , tükürük, boğazda ve nazofaringeal sürüntülerde bulunur . SARS-CoV-2'nin insandan insana bulaştığı doğrulanmıştır . Bu derlemede koronavirüs hastalığı ( Semptomları), genetiği (COVID-19'un patogenezi, Koronavirüs girişi ve replikasyonu, Koronavirüs enfeksiyonunda antijen sunumu, Humoral ve hücresel bağışıklık, COVID-19'da sitokin fırtınası, Koronavirus bağışıklık evasion), endokrin hastalıklar ile ilişkisini (Şişmanlık, Yetersiz beslenme, Adrenal yetmezlik, Diyabet), tanısını, mevcut tedavi stratejileri ve epidemiğinde hastaların yönetimini inceledik .

References

  • 1. Daniel Sh, Peter A . 2020. The opportunities and challenges of COVID-19. Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10032, USA
  • 2. Hussin AR , Siddappa N. 2020 . The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak . Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience Durham Research Center, 8047 985880 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha,NE, 68198-5880, USA
  • 3. Akriti Singh a , Altamash Shaikh b, Ritu Singh c, Awadhesh Kumar Singh .2020 . COVID-19: From bench to bed side .College of Medicine & JNM Hospital, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India b Saifee Hospital, Mumbai, India c G. D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India
  • 4. Xiaowei Li, Manman Geng, Yizhao Peng, Liesu Meng, Shemin Lu .2020 . Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19.Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis
  • 5. E. de Wit, N. van Doremalen, D. Falzarano, et al. 2016 . SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 14 523534. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81
  • 6. F. Wu, S. Zhao, B. Yu, et al.2020. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China, Nature . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3
  • 7. S. Belouzard, V. C. Chu, G. R. Whittaker.2009. Activation of the SARS coronavirus spike proteinvia sequential proteolytic cleavage at two distinct sites, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106 . 5871-5876. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809524106
  • 8. G. Li, X. Chen, A. Xu.2003.Profile of specific antibodies to the SARS-associated coronavirus, N.Engl. J. Med. 349 508-509. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200307313490520
  • 9. Z. Xu, L. Shi, Y. Wang, et al.( 2020). Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, Lancet Resp. Med. .https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X
  • 10. E. J. Snijder, Y. van der Meer, J. Zevenhoven-Dobbe, et al.(2006). Ultrastructure and origin of membrane vesicles associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication complex, J. Virol. 80 .5927-5940. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02501-05
  • 11. R. Channappanavar, A. R. Fehr, R. Vijay, et al.(2016). Dysregulated Type I Interferon and Inflammatory Monocyte-Macrophage Responses Cause Lethal Pneumonia in SARS-CoV-Infected Mice, Cell Host Microbe 181-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.01.007
  • 12. R. Channappanavar, A. R. Fehr, J. Zheng, et al.(2019). IFN-I response timing relative to virusreplication determines MERS coronavirus infection outcomes, J. Clin. Invest. 130 3625-3639. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI126363
  • 13. M. Puig D , M. Marazuela , A. Giustina . 2020 COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European Society of Endocrinology. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02294-5
  • 14. Leila M, Sorayya Gh. 2020. Genotype and phenotype of COVID-19: Their roles in pathogenesis. Department of Virus-host Interaction, Heinrich-Pette-Institut (HPI), Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  • 15. Büşra Y, Arzu G.2019. SARS-Corona Virüsüne Genel Bakış. Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Bölümü, Erzurum, TÜRKİYE
  • 16. R. Barazz oni, et al.(2020). ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV- 2 infection. Clin. Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.
  • 17. A. Giustina, R.A. Adler, N. Binkley et al.(2019) Controversies in vitamin D: summary statement from an International Conference. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 104(2), 234–240
  • 18. R. Bouillon, C. Marcocci, G. Carmeliet et al. Skeletal and extraskeletal actions of vitamin D: current evidence and outstanding questions. Endocr. Rev. 40(4), 1109–1151
  • 19. I. Bancos, J. Hazeldine, V. Chortis, P. Hampson, A.E. Taylor, J. M. Lord, W. Arlt, J. Eur.2017. Primary adrenal insufficiency is associated with impaired natural killer cell function: a potential link to increased mortality. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 176(4), 471–480 .https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-16-0969
  • 20. Weiqing W, Jieli Lu ,Weiqiong Gu , Yifei Zhang ,Jianmin Liu , Guang Ning.2020. Care for diabetes with COVID-19. Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 10.1111/1753-0407.13036
  • 21. Jiao G, Jingyi O, Xueping Q, Yusheng J, Yaqiong Ch, Lianxiong Y, Jing C, Mingkai T, Wenxiong X, Fang Zh, Yaling Sh, Bo Hu. 2020. A Tool to Early Predict Severe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) : A Multicenter Study using the Risk Nomogram in Wuhan and Guangdong, China. 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China ,2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China ,3Center for Gene Diagnosis, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China,4Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China, 5Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Yuedong Hospital, Meizhou, P.R. China ,6Department of Science and Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
  • 22. Liu J, Liu Y, Xiang P, et al.(2020). Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Severe Illness Patients with 2019Novel Coronavirus in the Early Stage. medRxiv,2020.02.10.20021584.
  • 23. Mo P, Xing Y, Xiao Y, et al.(2020)ç Clinical characteristics of refractory COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
  • 24. Sarkar M, Rajta PN, Khatana J. 2015.Anemia in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Prevalence, pathogenesis, and potential impact. Lung India ; 32(2): 142-51.
  • 25. The role of red blood cells and cell-free hemoglobin in the pathogenesis of ARDS. Journal of Intensive Care 3(1): 20.
  • 26. Fava C, Cattazzo F, Hu ZD, Lippi G, Montagnana M. The role of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in cardiovascular risk assessment: useful or hype? Annals of translational medicine 2019; 7(20): 581.
  • 27. Constantine A. Raptis1,Mark M. Hammer2,Ryan G. Short1,Amar Shah3,Sanjeev Bhalla1,Andrew J. Bierhals1,Peter D. Filev4 ,Michael D. Hope5,6 ,Jean Jeudy7,Seth J. Kligerman8,Travis S. Henry5.2020.Chest CT and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Critical Review of the Literature to Date. 1Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Saint Louis, MO 63110. Address correspondence to C. A. Raptis (raptisc@wustl.edu).,2Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,3Department of Radiology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 4Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,5Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,6Department of Radiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA. ,7Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. 8Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA. Cardiopulmonary Imaging • Clinical Perspective .AJR 2020; 215:1–4.0361–803X/20/2154–1
  • 28. Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 . Recommendations for respiratory rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 2019 in adult .Apr 12;43(4):308-314. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200228-00206.
  • 29. Available from URL:https://www.google.com/search?q=cronovisus+genom+structer(erişim tarihi: 16 nisan 2020).
  • .

Development of SARS-CoV-2

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 94 - 101, 01.09.2020

Abstract

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 adı verilen yeni bir koronavirüsün neden olduğu viral bir solunum hastalığıdır . Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, Çin'de ortaya çıkan ve pek çok ülkeye yayılan koronavirüsü pandemi olarak ilan etti. Virüs, geçen yılın sonunda deniz ürünleri toptancı pazarında ortaya çıktığı için enfekte vakaların sayısı çarpıcı biçimde artmaktadır. Virüs bronkoalveoler lavaj ,balgam , tükürük, boğazda ve nazofaringeal sürüntülerde bulunur . SARS-CoV-2'nin insandan insana bulaştığı doğrulanmıştır . Bu derlemede koronavirüs hastalığı ( Semptomları), genetiği (COVID-19'un patogenezi, Koronavirüs girişi ve replikasyonu, Koronavirüs enfeksiyonunda antijen sunumu, Humoral ve hücresel bağışıklık, COVID-19'da sitokin fırtınası, Koronavirus bağışıklık evasion), endokrin hastalıklar ile ilişkisini (Şişmanlık, Yetersiz beslenme, Adrenal yetmezlik, Diyabet), tanısını, mevcut tedavi stratejileri ve epidemiğinde hastaların yönetimini inceledik .

References

  • 1. Daniel Sh, Peter A . 2020. The opportunities and challenges of COVID-19. Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10032, USA
  • 2. Hussin AR , Siddappa N. 2020 . The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak . Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience Durham Research Center, 8047 985880 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha,NE, 68198-5880, USA
  • 3. Akriti Singh a , Altamash Shaikh b, Ritu Singh c, Awadhesh Kumar Singh .2020 . COVID-19: From bench to bed side .College of Medicine & JNM Hospital, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India b Saifee Hospital, Mumbai, India c G. D Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India
  • 4. Xiaowei Li, Manman Geng, Yizhao Peng, Liesu Meng, Shemin Lu .2020 . Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19.Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis
  • 5. E. de Wit, N. van Doremalen, D. Falzarano, et al. 2016 . SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 14 523534. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81
  • 6. F. Wu, S. Zhao, B. Yu, et al.2020. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China, Nature . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3
  • 7. S. Belouzard, V. C. Chu, G. R. Whittaker.2009. Activation of the SARS coronavirus spike proteinvia sequential proteolytic cleavage at two distinct sites, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106 . 5871-5876. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809524106
  • 8. G. Li, X. Chen, A. Xu.2003.Profile of specific antibodies to the SARS-associated coronavirus, N.Engl. J. Med. 349 508-509. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200307313490520
  • 9. Z. Xu, L. Shi, Y. Wang, et al.( 2020). Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, Lancet Resp. Med. .https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X
  • 10. E. J. Snijder, Y. van der Meer, J. Zevenhoven-Dobbe, et al.(2006). Ultrastructure and origin of membrane vesicles associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication complex, J. Virol. 80 .5927-5940. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02501-05
  • 11. R. Channappanavar, A. R. Fehr, R. Vijay, et al.(2016). Dysregulated Type I Interferon and Inflammatory Monocyte-Macrophage Responses Cause Lethal Pneumonia in SARS-CoV-Infected Mice, Cell Host Microbe 181-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.01.007
  • 12. R. Channappanavar, A. R. Fehr, J. Zheng, et al.(2019). IFN-I response timing relative to virusreplication determines MERS coronavirus infection outcomes, J. Clin. Invest. 130 3625-3639. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI126363
  • 13. M. Puig D , M. Marazuela , A. Giustina . 2020 COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European Society of Endocrinology. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02294-5
  • 14. Leila M, Sorayya Gh. 2020. Genotype and phenotype of COVID-19: Their roles in pathogenesis. Department of Virus-host Interaction, Heinrich-Pette-Institut (HPI), Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  • 15. Büşra Y, Arzu G.2019. SARS-Corona Virüsüne Genel Bakış. Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Bölümü, Erzurum, TÜRKİYE
  • 16. R. Barazz oni, et al.(2020). ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV- 2 infection. Clin. Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.
  • 17. A. Giustina, R.A. Adler, N. Binkley et al.(2019) Controversies in vitamin D: summary statement from an International Conference. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 104(2), 234–240
  • 18. R. Bouillon, C. Marcocci, G. Carmeliet et al. Skeletal and extraskeletal actions of vitamin D: current evidence and outstanding questions. Endocr. Rev. 40(4), 1109–1151
  • 19. I. Bancos, J. Hazeldine, V. Chortis, P. Hampson, A.E. Taylor, J. M. Lord, W. Arlt, J. Eur.2017. Primary adrenal insufficiency is associated with impaired natural killer cell function: a potential link to increased mortality. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 176(4), 471–480 .https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-16-0969
  • 20. Weiqing W, Jieli Lu ,Weiqiong Gu , Yifei Zhang ,Jianmin Liu , Guang Ning.2020. Care for diabetes with COVID-19. Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 10.1111/1753-0407.13036
  • 21. Jiao G, Jingyi O, Xueping Q, Yusheng J, Yaqiong Ch, Lianxiong Y, Jing C, Mingkai T, Wenxiong X, Fang Zh, Yaling Sh, Bo Hu. 2020. A Tool to Early Predict Severe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) : A Multicenter Study using the Risk Nomogram in Wuhan and Guangdong, China. 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China ,2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China ,3Center for Gene Diagnosis, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China,4Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China, 5Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Yuedong Hospital, Meizhou, P.R. China ,6Department of Science and Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
  • 22. Liu J, Liu Y, Xiang P, et al.(2020). Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Severe Illness Patients with 2019Novel Coronavirus in the Early Stage. medRxiv,2020.02.10.20021584.
  • 23. Mo P, Xing Y, Xiao Y, et al.(2020)ç Clinical characteristics of refractory COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
  • 24. Sarkar M, Rajta PN, Khatana J. 2015.Anemia in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Prevalence, pathogenesis, and potential impact. Lung India ; 32(2): 142-51.
  • 25. The role of red blood cells and cell-free hemoglobin in the pathogenesis of ARDS. Journal of Intensive Care 3(1): 20.
  • 26. Fava C, Cattazzo F, Hu ZD, Lippi G, Montagnana M. The role of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in cardiovascular risk assessment: useful or hype? Annals of translational medicine 2019; 7(20): 581.
  • 27. Constantine A. Raptis1,Mark M. Hammer2,Ryan G. Short1,Amar Shah3,Sanjeev Bhalla1,Andrew J. Bierhals1,Peter D. Filev4 ,Michael D. Hope5,6 ,Jean Jeudy7,Seth J. Kligerman8,Travis S. Henry5.2020.Chest CT and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Critical Review of the Literature to Date. 1Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Saint Louis, MO 63110. Address correspondence to C. A. Raptis (raptisc@wustl.edu).,2Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,3Department of Radiology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 4Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,5Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,6Department of Radiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA. ,7Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. 8Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA. Cardiopulmonary Imaging • Clinical Perspective .AJR 2020; 215:1–4.0361–803X/20/2154–1
  • 28. Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 . Recommendations for respiratory rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 2019 in adult .Apr 12;43(4):308-314. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200228-00206.
  • 29. Available from URL:https://www.google.com/search?q=cronovisus+genom+structer(erişim tarihi: 16 nisan 2020).
  • .
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Laleh Bahrıkarehmı 0000-0003-4105-5991

Amirreza Fallah 0000-0003-0728-4571

Serbülent Yiğit 0000-0002-1019-3964

Publication Date September 1, 2020
Submission Date May 11, 2020
Acceptance Date August 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Bahrıkarehmı, L., Fallah, A., & Yiğit, S. (2020). Development of SARS-CoV-2. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 3(3), 94-101.
AMA Bahrıkarehmı L, Fallah A, Yiğit S. Development of SARS-CoV-2. BSJ Health Sci. September 2020;3(3):94-101.
Chicago Bahrıkarehmı, Laleh, Amirreza Fallah, and Serbülent Yiğit. “Development of SARS-CoV-2”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 3, no. 3 (September 2020): 94-101.
EndNote Bahrıkarehmı L, Fallah A, Yiğit S (September 1, 2020) Development of SARS-CoV-2. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 3 3 94–101.
IEEE L. Bahrıkarehmı, A. Fallah, and S. Yiğit, “Development of SARS-CoV-2”, BSJ Health Sci., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 94–101, 2020.
ISNAD Bahrıkarehmı, Laleh et al. “Development of SARS-CoV-2”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 3/3 (September 2020), 94-101.
JAMA Bahrıkarehmı L, Fallah A, Yiğit S. Development of SARS-CoV-2. BSJ Health Sci. 2020;3:94–101.
MLA Bahrıkarehmı, Laleh et al. “Development of SARS-CoV-2”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, vol. 3, no. 3, 2020, pp. 94-101.
Vancouver Bahrıkarehmı L, Fallah A, Yiğit S. Development of SARS-CoV-2. BSJ Health Sci. 2020;3(3):94-101.