Effect of Covid-19 Vaccination on Hospitalizations

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 246 - 252, 01.04.2023

Emre Özgen Bahadır Yazıcıoğlu Melek Bilgin Muhammet Ali Oruç

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1160316

Abstract

Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) continues to affect the World today with over 340 million cases and over 5.5 million deaths. This situation reveals the need for vaccination, given that it is not an effective treatment. Our purpose in this study is; to compare the vaccination status of hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 and to investigate their efficacy. The study is a descriptive study and cross-sectional type. The research was carried out by retrospective examination of hospital automation data in Samsun province. In the 4-months period between July 01 and October 31, 2021, patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 were classified according to their vaccination status and identified through descriptive statistical methods. 1174(15.58%) of 7534 COVID-19 patients were admitted to intensive care units (ICU), it was observed that 879(74.8%) of the patients admitted to the ICU were unvaccinated, 174(14.8%) were vaccinated with 2 doses of Sinovac, and 0.08% (n=1) were vaccinated with 2 doses of Biontech reminders on 2 doses of Sinovac. Of the 6360 patients hospitalized in the clinics due to COVID-19, 54.76% (n=3483) were female, and 41.03% (n=2610) were ≥ 65 years old. 49.31% (n=579) of the patients hospitalized in the ICU were women, 72.65% (n= 853) were ≥ 65 years old. Unvaccination increases the risk of hospitalization and ICU admission. Missing a reminder dose and advanced age are high risk factors for hospitalization. About half of those hospitalized and the majority of those admitted to the ICU are unvaccinated, and vaccination reduces hospitalizations.

Keywords

Covid-19, Pandemic, Hospital charges, Vaccination, Preventive health services

References

• Adrielle Dos Santos L, Filho PGG, Silva AMF, Santos JVG, Santos DS, Aquino MM, de Jesus RM, Almeida MLD, da Silva JS, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ, Alves Dos Santos C, Santos CNO, Alves JC, Santos IL, Magalhães LS, Belitardo EMMA, Rocha DJPG, Almeida JPP, Pacheco LGC, … de Almeida RP. 2021. Recurrent COVID-19 including evidence of reinfection and enhanced severity in thirty Brazilian healthcare workers. J Infect, 82(3): 399-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2021.01.020.
• Akpolat T, Uzun O. 2021. Reduced mortality rate after coronavac vaccine among healthcare workers. J Infect, 83(2): e20-e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2021.06.005.
• Bajema KL, Dahl RM, Prill MM, Meites E, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Marconi VC, Beenhouwer DO, Brown ST, Holodniy M, Lucero-Obusan C, Rivera-Dominguez G, Morones RG, Whitmire A, Goldin EB, Evener SL, Tremarelli M, Tong S, Hall AJ, Schrag SJ, McMorrow M, …, Surveillance Platform for Enteric and Respiratory Infectious Organisms at the VA (SUPERNOVA) COVID-19 Surveillance Group. 2021. Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against covid-19-associated hospitalization - five veterans affairs medical centers, United States, February 1-August 6, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 70(37): 1294-1299. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7037e3.
• Iversen PL, Bavari S. 2021. Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines to make a global impact. Lancet, 21(6): 746-748. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00020-7.
• Jara A, Undurraga EA, González C, Paredes F, Fontecilla T, Jara G, Pizarro A, Acevedo J, Leo K, Leon F, Sans C, Leighton P, Suárez P, García-Escorza H, Araos R. 2021. Effectiveness of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Chile. New England J Med, 385(10): 875-884. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2107715.
• Li XN, Huang Y, Wang W, Jing QL, Zhang CH, Qin PZ, Guan WJ, Gan L, Li YL, Liu WH, Dong H, Miao YT, Fan SJ, Zhang ZB, Zhang DM, Zhong NS. 2021. Effectiveness of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against the Delta variant infection in Guangzhou: a test-negative case-control real-world study. Emerg Microbes Infect, 10(1): 1751-1759. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1969291.
• Moghadas SM, Vilches TN, Zhang K, Wells CR, Shoukat A, Singer BH, Meyers LA, Neuzil KM, Langley JM, Fitzpatrick MC, Galvani AP. 2021. The impact of vaccination on COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States. medRxiv, 2020.11.27.20240051. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.27.20240051.
• Moline HL, Whitaker M, Deng L, Rhodes JC, Milucky J, Pham H, Patel K, Anglin O, Reingold A, Chai SJ, Alden NB, Kawasaki B, Meek J, Yousey-Hindes K, Anderson EJ, Farley MM, Ryan PA, Kim S, Nunez VT, Como-Sabetti K, … Havers FP. 2021. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing hospitalization among adults aged ≥65 Years - COVID-NET, 13 States, February-April 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 70(32): 1088-1093.
• Rosenberg ES, Dorabawila V, Easton D, Bauer UE, Kumar J, Hoen R, Hoefer D, Wu M, Lutterloh E, Conroy MB, Greene D, Zucker HA. 2022. Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness in New York State. New England J Med, 386(2): 116-127. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2116063.
• T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. 2021. Günlük Covid-19 aşı tablosu. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ (accessed date: January 24, 2021).
• Tanriover MD, Doğanay HL, Akova M, Güner HR, Azap A, Akhan S, Köse Ş, Erdinç FŞ, Akalın EH, Tabak ÖF, Pullukçu H, Batum Ö, Şimşek Yavuz S, Turhan Ö, Yıldırmak MT, Köksal İ, Taşova Y, Korten V, Yılmaz G, Çelen MK, … CoronaVac Study Group. 2021. Efficacy and safety of an inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac): interim results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial in Turkey. Lancet, 398(10296): 213-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01429-X
• Tenforde MW, Self WH, Adams K, Gaglani M, Ginde AA, McNeal T, Ghamande S, Douin DJ, Talbot HK, Casey JD, Mohr NM, Zepeski A, Shapiro NI, Gibbs KW, Files DC, Hager DN, Shehu A, Prekker ME, Erickson HL, Exline MC, … Influenza and other viruses in the acutely Ill (IVY) Network. 2021a. Association between mRNA vaccination and COVID-19 hospitalization and disease severity. JAMA, 326(20): 2043-2054. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.19499.
• Tenforde MW, Olson SM, Self WH, Talbot HK, Lindsell CJ, Steingrub JS, Shapiro NI, Ginde AA, Douin DJ, Prekker ME, Brown SM, Peltan ID, Gong MN, Mohamed A, Khan A, Exline MC, Files DC, Gibbs KW, Stubblefield WB, Casey JD, … HAIVEN Investigators. 2021b. Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines against COVID-19 Among hospitalized adults Aged ≥65 Years - United States, January-March 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 70(18): 674-679. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7018e1.
• Uzun O, Akpolat T, Varol A, Turan S, Bektas SG, Cetinkaya PD, Dursun M, Bakan N, Ketencioglu BB, Bayrak M, Baris SA, Guner R, Gunal O, Nural S, Deniz PP, Toprak OB, Ozkan G, Gumus A, Kerget F, Ercelik M, … Itil O. 2022. COVID-19: vaccination vs. hospitalization. Infection, 50(3): 747-752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-021-01751-1.
• WHO. 2022. Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/ (accessed date: January 24, 2022).
• Yan ZP, Yang M, Lai CL. 2021. COVID-19 Vaccines: A review of the safety and efficacy of current clinical trials. Pharmaceut, 14(5): 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14050406.