Comparison of Dietary Intakes and Fermented Food Consumption in Patients with and without Periodontal Disease

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 617 - 624, 15.10.2023

Tuğba Şahin , Yasemin Ertaş Öztürk , Nurdan Özmeriç Kurtuluş

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1311448

Abstract

Lack of certain nutrients and foods in the diet may negatively affect oral health. Therefore, nutrition may play an important role in maintaining oral health. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the nutrient intakes, consumption of food groups and some fermented foods of individuals with periodontal disease and health. Thirty-one patients with periodontitis, 31 with gingivitis who applied to the periodontology clinic and 31 individuals of similar age and gender without periodontal disease were included in this study. Plaque, gingival indices, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were evaluated. To determine individuals' daily energy, nutrient intakes, and consumption of food groups, 24-hour food consumption records were kept for three consecutive days by the nutritionist. Data on individuals' frequency and amount of consumption of some fermented products were recorded, considering the foods available in our culture and the market. Totally, 34 men and 59 women participated in the study. Mean energy intake was similar among groups. Energy from total dietary fat (%, P=0.042), saturated fatty acid (P=0.002), and short and medium chain fatty acids (P=0.003), consumption of dairy products (except cheese) (P=0.009), cheeses (P=0.025), coffee (P=0.036), whole-grain bread (P=0.010) and kefir (P=0.013) were different among individuals with periodontal disease and periodontal health. In conclusion, nutrition may have an impact on periodontal health and disease.

Keywords

Dietary fat intake, Fermented foods, Periodontal health, Periodontal disease

Project Number

-

References

• Adegboye AR, Christensen LB, Holm-Pedersen P, Avlund K, Boucher BJ, Heitmann BL. 2012. Intake of dairy products in relation to periodontitis in older Danish adults. Nutrients, 4(9): 1219-1229.
• Alhassani AA, Hu FB, Li Y, Rosner BA, Willett WC, Joshipura KJ. 2021. The associations between major dietary patterns and risk of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol, 48(1): 2-14.
• Altun E, Walther C, Borof K, Petersen E, Lieske B, Kasapoudis D, Zyriax B-C. 2021. Association between dietary pattern and periodontitis—a cross-sectional study. Nutrients, 13(11): 4167.
• Ainamo J, Bay I. 1975. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J, 25(4): 229-35.
• Basu A, Masek E,Ebersole JL. 2018. Dietary polyphenols and periodontitis—A mini-review of literature. Molec, 23(7): 1786.
• BeBiS. 2011. Beslenme bilgi sistemi. Bilgisayar yazılım programı versiyon 9.0. (Ebispro für Windows, Stuttgart, Germany: Türkçe Versiyonu).
• Bosma-den Boer MM, van Wetten M-L,Pruimboom L. 2012. Chronic inflammatory diseases are stimulated by current lifestyle: how diet, stress levels and medication prevent our body from recovering. Nutri Metabol, 9(1): 1-14.
• Chapple ILC, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, Yoshie H. 2018. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodon, 89 Suppl 1:S74-84.
• Costa SA, Nascimento GG, Colins PMG, Alves CMC, Thomaz EBAF, Carvalho Souza SdF, Ribeiro CCC. 2022. Investigating oral and systemic pathways between unhealthy and healthy dietary patterns to periodontitis in adolescents: A population‐based study. J Clin Periodontol, 49(6): 580-590.
• Duarte PM,Reis AF. 2015. Coffee consumption has no deleterious effects on periodontal health but its benefits are uncertain. J Evidence Based Dental Pract, 15(2): 77-79.
• Eberhard J, Ruiz K, Tan J, Jayasinghe TN, Khan S, Eroglu E, Raubenheimer D. 2022. A randomized clinical trial to investigate the effect of dietary protein sources on periodontal health. J Clin Periodontol, 49(4): 388-400.
• Farnworth ER. 2005. The Beneficial health effects of fermented foods-potential probiotics around the world. J Nutraceut, Funct Med Foods, 4(3-4): 93-117.
• Gondivkar SM, Gadbail AR, Gondivkar RS, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S,Awan KH. 2019. Nutrition and oral health. Disease-a-Month, 65(6): 147-154.
• Guentsch A, Preshaw PM, Bremer-Streck S, Klinger G, Glockmann E,Sigusch BW. 2008. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in saliva of periodontitis patients: effect of smoking and periodontal treatment. Clin Oral Invest, 12(4): 345-352.
• Halvorsrud K, Lewney J, Craig D,Moynihan P. 2019. Effects of starch on oral health: systematic review to inform WHO guideline. J Dental Res, 98(1): 46-53.
• Hečimović I, Belščak-Cvitanović A, Horžić D,Komes D. 2011. Comparative study of polyphenols and caffeine in different coffee varieties affected by the degree of roasting. Food Chem, 129(3): 991-1000.
• Helander IM, von Wright A,Mattila-Sandholm T. 1997. Potential of lactic acid bacteria and novel antimicrobials against Gram-negative bacteria. Trends Food Sci Technol, 8(5): 146-150.
• Hildebolt CF. 2005. Effect of vitamin D and calcium on periodontitis. J Periodontol, 76(9): 1576-1587.
• Huang CB, Alimova Y, Myers TM,Ebersole JL. 2011. Short-and medium-chain fatty acids exhibit antimicrobial activity for oral microorganisms. Archives Oral Biol, 56(7): 650-654.
• Huang CB, George B,Ebersole JL. 2010. Antimicrobial activity of n-6, n-7 and n-9 fatty acids and their esters for oral microorganisms. Archives Oral Biol, 55(8): 555-560.
• Iwasaki M, Ennibi OK, Bouziane A, Erraji S, Lakhdar L, Rhissassi M, Miyazaki H. 2021. Association between periodontitis and the Mediterranean diet in young Moroccan individuals. J Periodontal Res, 56(2): 408-414.
• Kaur G, Kathariya R, Bansal S, Singh A,Shahakar D. 2016. Dietary antioxidants and their indispensable role in periodontal health. J Food Drug Analysis, 24(2): 239-246.
• Keukenmeester R, Slot D, Rosema N, Van Loveren C,Van der Weijden G. 2014. Effects of sugar‐free chewing gum sweetened with xylitol or maltitol on the development of gingivitis and plaque: a randomized clinical trial. International J Dental Hygiene, 12(4): 238-244.
• Kondo K, Ishikado A, Morino K, Nishio Y, Ugi S, Kajiwara S, Uesaki S. 2014. A high-fiber, low-fat diet improves periodontal disease markers in high-risk subjects: a pilot study. Nutrition Res, 34(6): 491-498.
• Krall EA, Wehler C, Garcia RI, Harris SS,Dawson-Hughes B. 2001. Calcium and vitamin D supplements reduce tooth loss in the elderly. American J Med, 111(6): 452-456.
• Liu JR, Lin CW. 2000. Production of kefir from soymilk with or without added glucose, lactose, or sucrose. J Food Sci, 65(4): 716-719.
• Loe H and Silness J. 1963. Periodontal disease in pregnancy I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand, 21(6):533-551.
• Marsh PD. 2006. Dental plaque as a biofilm and a microbial community - implications for health and disease. BMC Oral Health, 6 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): S14.
• Martinon P, Fraticelli L, Giboreau A, Dussart C, Bourgeois D,Carrouel F. 2021. Nutrition as a key modifiable factor for periodontitis and main chronic diseases. J Clin Med, 10(2): 197.
• Merchant AT, Pitiphat W, Franz M,Joshipura KJ. 2006. Whole-grain and fiber intakes and periodontitis risk in men. American J Clin Nutri, 83(6): 1395-1400.
• Newman MG, Carranza FA, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR. 2006. Carranza's Clinical Periodontology. Elsevier, Brasil, Sao Paulo, 12th ed., pp: 251.
• Ng N, Kaye EK,Garcia RI. 2014. Coffee consumption and periodontal disease in males. J Periodontol, 85(8): 1042-1049.
• Nielsen SJ, Trak-Fellermeier MA, Joshipura K,Dye BA. 2016. Dietary Fiber Intake Is Inversely Associated with Periodontal Disease among US Adults. J Nutri, 146(12): 2530-2536.
• Nishida M, Grossi SG, Dunford RG, Ho AW, Trevisan M,Genco RJ. 2000. Calcium and the risk for periodontal disease. J Periodontol, 71(7): 1057-1066.
• O’Connor J-LP, Milledge KL, O’Leary F, Cumming R, Eberhard J,Hirani V. 2020. Poor dietary intake of nutrients and food groups are associated with increased risk of periodontal disease among community-dwelling older adults: A systematic literature review. Nutri Rev, 78(2): 175-188.
• Palaska I, Papathanasiou E, Theoharides TC. 2013. Use of polyphenols in periodontal inflammation. European J Pharmacol, 720(1): 77-83.
• Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, Tonetti MS. 2018. Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodon, 89 Suppl 1: S173-s182.
• Pekcan G. Beslenme durumunun saptanması. 2008. Hatipoğlu Yayınevi, Diyet El Kitabı, Ankara, Türkiye, ss: 12-15.
• Salazar CR, Laniado N, Mossavar‐Rahmani Y, Borrell LN, Qi Q, Sotres‐Alvarez D, Badner V. 2018. Better‐quality diet is associated with lower odds of severe periodontitis in US Hispanics/Latinos. J Clin Periodontol, 45(7): 780-790.
• Silness J, Löe H. 1964. Periodontal disease in pregnancy II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand, 22(1):121-135.
• Santonocito S, Polizzi A, Palazzo G, Indelicato F,Isola G. 2021. Dietary factors affecting the prevalence and impact of periodontal disease. Clin, Cosmet Invest Dentistry, 13: 283.
• Seto H, Toba Y, Takada Y, Kawakami H, Ohba H, Hama H, Nagata T. 2007. Milk basic protein increases alveolar bone formation in rat experimental periodontitis. J Periodontal Res, 42(1): 85-89.
• Shimazaki Y, Shirota T, Uchida K, Yonemoto K, Kiyohara Y, Iida M, Yamashita Y. 2008. Intake of dairy products and periodontal disease: the Hisayama Study. J Periodontol, 79(1): 131-137.
• Škrovánková S, Válková D,Mlček J. 2020. Polyphenols and antioxidant activity in pseudocereals and their products. Potravinarstvo Slovak J Food Sci, 14: 365-370.
• Sparrow TV, Dodington DW, Yumol JL, Fritz PC,Ward WE. 2020. Higher intakes of flavonoids are associated with lower salivary IL‐1β and maintenance of periodontal health 3–4 years after scaling and root planing. J Clin Periodontol, 47(4): 461-469.
• Şahin T, Özmeriç N, 2021. Keyfi adında olan içecek: kefirin diş hekimliğindeki yeri ve periodontolojideki geleceği. Hacettepe Univ Fac Health Sci J, 8(3): 438-452.
• Şanlier N, Gökcen BB,Sezgin AC. 2019. Health benefits of fermented foods. Critical Rev Food Sci Nutr, 59(3): 506-527.
• Tian S, Sun Y, Chen Z, Yang Y, Wang Y. 2019. Functional properties of polyphenols in grains and effects of physicochemical processing on polyphenols. J Food Quality, 2019: 2793973.
• Toba Y, Takada Y, Matsuoka Y, Morita Y, Motouri M, Hirai T, Itabashi A. 2001. Milk basic protein promotes bone formation and suppresses bone resorption in healthy adult men. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 65(6): 1353-1357.
• Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi. 2015. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Yayın No: 1031, 978-975-590-608-9, Ankara, Türkiye, ss: 293.
• Varela-López A, Giampieri F, Bullón P, Battino M,Quiles JL. 2016. Role of lipids in the onset, progression and treatment of periodontal disease. A systematic review of studies in humans. Inter J Molec Sci, 17(8): 1202.
• Varela-López A, Navarro-Hortal MD, Giampieri F, Bullón P, Battino M,Quiles JL. 2018. Nutraceuticals in periodontal health: a systematic review on the role of vitamins in periodontal health maintenance. Molecul, 23(5): 1226.
• Varela-López A, Quiles JL, Cordero M, Giampieri F,Bullón P. 2015. Oxidative stress and dietary fat type in relation to periodontal disease. Antioxidants, 4(2): 322-344.
• Vieira LV, de Sousa LM, Maia TAC, Gusmão JNFM, Goes P, Pereira KMA, Gondim DV. 2021. Milk Kefir therapy reduces inflammation and alveolar bone loss on periodontitis in rats. Biomed Pharmacot, 139: 111677.
• Watson S, Woodside JV, Winning L, Wright DM, Srinivasan M,McKenna G. 2022. Associations between self‐reported periodontal disease and nutrient intakes and nutrient‐based dietary patterns in the UK Biobank. J Clin Periodontol. 49(5): 428-438.
• Ximénez-Fyvie LA, Haffajee AD,Socransky SS. 2000. Comparison of the microbiota of supra- and subgingival plaque in health and periodontitis. J Clin Periodon, 27(9): 648-657.