Exploring the Complementary Influence of an Oleuropein-Enriched Phytochemical Extract on Neuro-biochemistry, Behavior, and Histopathology in Aging and Depressed Male Rats
Abstract
Aging correlates with neurodegenerative diseases such as depression, marked by neuro-biochemical changes triggering neuronal loss. Nutraceuticals exhibit antioxidant and neuroprotective properties and offer potential intervention. Our study examines the preventive effects of an olive leaf extract consisting of 20% pure oleuropein in an animal model of aging and depression. Aging in Wistar rats was induced by intraperitoneal injections of 150 mg of D-galactose/kg body weight for 6 weeks. The depression was caused by forced swimming. We examined Monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase activities, histopathology of the brain, and the serum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, superoxide dismutase, and monoaldehyde levels of all animal groups. Depressed and aged rats showed increased Monoamine oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels, and a decrease in superoxide dismutase levels. The administration of 200 mg of extract before depression or aging inductions, significantly reduced the Monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase activities. Degeneration/necrosis was observed in neurons of all experimental animal groups. We demonstrate that the olive leaf extract with 20% pure oleuropein markedly maintained the neurotransmitter levels in the brain and enhanced the antioxidant defense system in depressed and aged animal models but was unable to yield behavioral benefits.
Ethical Statement
The Animal Laboratory Ethic Committee of Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey (UU-HADYEK 2020-06), approved all the experimental procedures.
Supporting Institution
Uskudar University
Project Number
No financial grant was received for this research.
Thanks
We would also like to acknowledge Uskudar University and Ankara University for providing the necessary facilities and study environment that enabled us to conduct this study.
References
- Ayuob NN, Ali SS, Suliaman M, El Wahab MGA, Ahmed SM. 2016. The antidepressant effect of musk in an animal model of depression: a histopathological study. Cell Tissue Res, 366: 271-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-016-2468-9
- Badr AM, Attia HA, Al-Rasheed N. 2020. Oleuropein reverses repeated corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior in mice: Evidence of modulating effect on biogenic amines. Sci Rep, 10(1): 3336. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60026-1
Exploring the Complementary Influence of an Oleuropein-Enriched Phytochemical Extract on Neuro-biochemistry, Behavior, and Histopathology in Aging and Depressed Male Rats
Abstract
Yaşlanma, nöronal kaybı tetikleyen nöro-biyokimyasal değişikliklerle işaretlenen depresyon gibi nörodejeneratif hastalıklarla ilişkilidir. Nutrasötikler antioksidan ve nöroprotektif özellikler gösterir ve potansiyel müdahale sunar. Çalışmamız, yaşlanma ve depresyon hayvan modelinde %20 saf oleuropein içeren bir zeytin yaprağı özütünün önleyici etkilerini incelemektedir. Wistar sıçanlarında yaşlanma, 6 hafta boyunca 150 mg D-galaktoz/kg vücut ağırlığının intraperitoneal enjeksiyonuyla indüklendi. Depresyon, zorla yüzmeden kaynaklandı. Tüm hayvan gruplarının monoamin oksidaz ve asetilkolinesteraz aktivitelerini, beyin histopatolojisini ve serum plazminojen aktivatör inhibitörü-1, süperoksit dismutaz ve monoaldehit seviyelerini inceledik. Depresif ve yaşlı sıçanlarda monoamin oksidaz, asetilkolinesteraz ve plazminojen aktivatör inhibitörü-1 seviyelerinde artış ve süperoksit dismutaz seviyelerinde azalma görüldü. Depresyon veya yaşlanma indüksiyonlarından önce 200 mg özütün uygulanması, Monoamin oksidaz ve asetilkolinesteraz aktivitelerini önemli ölçüde azalttı. Tüm deney hayvanı gruplarının nöronlarında dejenerasyon/nekroz gözlemlendi. %20 saf oleuropein içeren zeytin yaprağı özütünün beyindeki nörotransmitter seviyelerini önemli ölçüde koruduğunu ve depresif ve yaşlı hayvan modellerinde antioksidan savunma sistemini güçlendirdiğini ancak davranışsal faydalar sağlayamadığını gösteriyoruz.
Ethical Statement
Üsküdar Üniversitesi Hayvan Laboratuvarı Etik Kurulu (UU-HADYEK 2020-06), tüm deneysel prosedürleri onayladı.
Supporting Institution
Üsküdar Üniversitesi
Project Number
No financial grant was received for this research.
Thanks
Ayrıca bu çalışmayı gerçekleştirmemize olanak sağlayan gerekli imkân ve çalışma ortamını sağlayan Üsküdar Üniversitesi ve Ankara Üniversitesi'ne de teşekkür etmek isteriz.
References
- Ayuob NN, Ali SS, Suliaman M, El Wahab MGA, Ahmed SM. 2016. The antidepressant effect of musk in an animal model of depression: a histopathological study. Cell Tissue Res, 366: 271-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-016-2468-9
- Badr AM, Attia HA, Al-Rasheed N. 2020. Oleuropein reverses repeated corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior in mice: Evidence of modulating effect on biogenic amines. Sci Rep, 10(1): 3336. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60026-1
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Pharmaceutical Biochemistry |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | No financial grant was received for this research. |
| Publication Date | |
| Submission Date | November 4, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | January 15, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 2 |
