Review

Sustaining Openness in Africa Amid Transnational Threats

Number: 9 June 12, 2026
TR EN

Sustaining Openness in Africa Amid Transnational Threats

Abstract

This paper posits that the most viable grand strategy for the united states to navigate great power competition and transnational threats in Africa, would be sustaining openness; as pandemics, climate shocks, cyber vulnerabilities, and disinformation become increasingly destabilizing to the African states, authoritarian actors (China and Russia) are capitalizing on these crises to promote closed, coercive and illiberal models of governance. Alternatives such as primacy, offshore balancing, and restraint do not consider the networked nature of the contemporaneous threats nor the strategic importance of African agency, digital governance, and multilateral coordination. Based upon the theoretical tradition which holds that openness provides competitive advantage, this paper outlines five pillars of a strategy of sustained openness: networked diplomacy, deterrence through resilience, economic and digital transparency, strategic communication, and climate-human security cooperation. These five pillars will strengthen African-led institutions, build societal resilience, and maintain an open information environment, economic environment and security environment that supports both African sovereignty and U.S. strategic interests. In conclusion, only a strategy of sustained openness can counter authoritarian fragmentation, reinforce collective resilience, and uphold a rules-based international order in an increasingly interconnected and volatile world.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Old Dominion University

Project Number

1

References

  1. Beach, D., & Pedersen, R. B. (2020). Process-tracing methods: Foundations and guidelines (2nd ed.). University of Michigan Press.
  2. Borgwardt, E., Nichols, C. M., & Preston, A. (2021). Rethinking American grand strategy. Oxford University Press.
  3. Brands, H. (2014). What good is grand strategy? Power and purpose in American statecraft from Harry S. Truman to George W. Bush. Cornell University Press.
  4. Brands, H. (2022). The twilight struggle: What the Cold War teaches us about great-power rivalry today. Yale University Press.
  5. Brautigam, D. (2020). The dragon’s gift: The real story of China in Africa. Oxford University Press.
  6. Brooks, S. G., Ikenberry, G. J., & Wohlforth, W. C. (2012). Don’t come home, America: The case against retrenchment. International Security, 37(3), 7–51. https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC_a_00107
  7. Carothers, T., & Samet-Marram, O. (2023). Democracy support strategies in a changing world. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
  8. Cheeseman, N., & Klaas, B. (2024). How to rig an election (Updated ed.). Yale University Press.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Change, Underdevelopment and Modernisation Sociology, Modernization Sociology

Journal Section

Review

Publication Date

June 12, 2026

Submission Date

March 9, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 23, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 9

APA
Edmond, C. (2026). Sustaining Openness in Africa Amid Transnational Threats. Black Sea Journal of Public and Social Science, 9, 103-113. https://doi.org/10.52704/bssocialscience.1905670
AMA
1.Edmond C. Sustaining Openness in Africa Amid Transnational Threats. BSJ Pub. Soc. Sci. 2026;(9):103-113. doi:10.52704/bssocialscience.1905670
Chicago
Edmond, Chick. 2026. “Sustaining Openness in Africa Amid Transnational Threats”. Black Sea Journal of Public and Social Science, nos. 9: 103-13. https://doi.org/10.52704/bssocialscience.1905670.
EndNote
Edmond C (June 1, 2026) Sustaining Openness in Africa Amid Transnational Threats. Black Sea Journal of Public and Social Science 9 103–113.
IEEE
[1]C. Edmond, “Sustaining Openness in Africa Amid Transnational Threats”, BSJ Pub. Soc. Sci., no. 9, pp. 103–113, June 2026, doi: 10.52704/bssocialscience.1905670.
ISNAD
Edmond, Chick. “Sustaining Openness in Africa Amid Transnational Threats”. Black Sea Journal of Public and Social Science. 9 (June 1, 2026): 103-113. https://doi.org/10.52704/bssocialscience.1905670.
JAMA
1.Edmond C. Sustaining Openness in Africa Amid Transnational Threats. BSJ Pub. Soc. Sci. 2026;:103–113.
MLA
Edmond, Chick. “Sustaining Openness in Africa Amid Transnational Threats”. Black Sea Journal of Public and Social Science, no. 9, June 2026, pp. 103-1, doi:10.52704/bssocialscience.1905670.
Vancouver
1.Chick Edmond. Sustaining Openness in Africa Amid Transnational Threats. BSJ Pub. Soc. Sci. 2026 Jun. 1;(9):103-1. doi:10.52704/bssocialscience.1905670

                              22964