Relationship of the development process with social capital, Case study: the Ahmadinejad government

Abstract

In politics literature, the concept of political development is the closest concept to social capital. Thus in the social capital approach, politics is seen from bottom to top. Trust and solidarity discussion, are the long-standing debate in political development studies. Cohesion, and solidarity in the trust relationship network, play an important role to determine the identity and legitimacy of a political system. In a society where people have relations based on trust and solidarity, the possibility of public occurrence participation in decision-making, Genesis, and consolidation of democracy is as the most important characteristic of the greater political development. As social capital can influence political development, political development develops the country regarding potential human relationships based on power relations. This potential interaction between communities overpower will be expanded by political development. With the interaction of mentioned potentials organizations are created, which they can create better social capital. In this research, the author deals with the relationship between social capital and political development. Findings of the research prove that social capital is a necessary condition, but not sufficient for political development. Political progress certainly assumes more social capital, but social capital does not necessarily follow the rise of political development. Also, in studying the relationship between social capital and political development, and the variables of social capital from Fukuyama point of view, and the political development of political science theorists in the Ahmadinejad state, Iran witnessed a sharp decline in social capital and political development in Ahmadinejad's government.

Keywords

• social capital,political development,political legitimacy,networks and norms,Trust,Social cohesion

References

1. Abdollahi H, Rajabi M. 2011. Investigating the relationship between social trust and social cohesion of villagers and their role in development. Pajuheshnameh, 75.
2. Akbari A. 2004. The role of social capital in participation: the study of the effect of social capital on political and social participation (Case study of Farsan village from Saqez functions), 2(3): 125.
3. Amin Biddokhti AA, Sharifi N. 2005. Examining the relationship between social capital and the tourism boom in the Caspian Sea coastal areas. Tourism Manage Stud, 2(7): 121-150.
4. Azkia M, Ghafari G. 2013. An Analysis of Rural Studies in Iran. 328.
5. Bagheri ZB, Elmi M. 2009. Social Capital, Social Trust; Pathological Symptoms of Social Relations in Iran. Sociol Stud, 2(5): 125-138.
6. Bagnasco A. 2004. Trust and social capital, in: K. Nash & A. Scott (eds), The Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 230‐39.
7. Banfield EC. 1967. The moral basis of a backward society. New York, NY, US: Free Press.
8. Baron S, Field J, Schuller T. 2000. Social capital: Critical perspectives, OUP Oxford.

9. Beugelsdijk S, Van Schaik T. 2005. Social capital and growth in European regions: an empirical test. Europ J Polit Econ, 21(2): 301-324.
10. Binder L, La Palombara J. 2015. Crises and Sequences in Political Development. (SPD-7), Princeton University Press.
11. Campbell C, Jovchelovitch S. 2000. Health, community and development: Towards a social psychology of participation. J Commun Appl Soc Psychol, 10(4): 255-270.
12. Chalabi M, Amir Kafi M. 2004. Multilevel analysis of social isolation. J Sociol Iran, 5(2): 31-33.
13. Chenhall RH, Hall M, Smith D. 2010. Social capital and management control systems: A study of a non-government organization. Account Organizat Soc, 35(8): 737-756.
14. Coleman JS. 1988. Social capital in the creation of human capital. American J Sociol, 94: 95-120.
15. Collier P, Dollar D. 2002. Aid allocation and poverty reduction. Europ Economic Rev, 46(8): 1475-1500.
16. De Filippis J. 2001. The myth of social capital in community development. Hous Policy Debate, 12(4): 781-806.
17. Delanty G. 2009. The foundations of social theory. Social Theory: 19.
18. Esmaeeli M. 2008. The role of social capital in economic development. Rahbord Quarterly, 15.
19. Fukuyama MF. 2000. Social capital and civil society. The International Monetary Fund, Working Paper No. 00/74.
20. Gholamreza Kashi MJ, Goudarzi M. 2004. The role of the gap in generational experiences in Iran. Refahe Ejtemaee, 16: 23-27.
21. Grootaert C, Van Bastelaer T. 2002. Understanding and measuring social capital: A multidisciplinary tool for practitioners. Directions in development. Washington, DC: World Bank. Haghshenas A, et al. 2005. The Role of Social Capital in Development. 22.
22. Hosnavi R, Pezeshkan A. 2007. Explaining the concept of social capital and its role in development. Modiriyate Farda, 17: 23-26.
23. Khanbashi M. 2010. Responsiveness; Adoption to strengthen public confidence. Order Securit Law Enforc, 10: 29-54.
24. Misztal B. 2013. Trust in modern societies: The search for the bases of social order, John Wiley & Sons.
25. Moeeni MR, Tashakor Z. 2002. Social capital and development: An overview (Persian). Soc Welf, 1(4): 25-42.
26. Pour Mousavi SF. 2005. Civil society and social capital. Rahbord, 26: 159-183.
27. Putnam RD. 1993. Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy, Princeton university press.
28. Putnam RD. 2002. Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Culture Polit, Springer: 223-234.
29. Rabbani R. 2013. A sociological study of the impact of social capital on women's feeling of insecurity using Amos graphics Research subjects: Female Students of University of Isfahan.
30. Rabiee K. 2004. Bowling Alone. Ketabe Mah Soc Sci, 89: 62-65.
31. Rozita M. 2009. Interactive and dynamic effects of social capital and economic development case study of Iran, 1989-2006. Inter Econ Stud, 20(2): 21-37.
32. Safdari S. 1995. Social satisfaction and effective factors on it. M.S thesis, Social Research Department, Faculty of Literature, University of Shahid Beheshti, Iran.
33. Sztompka P. 2012. Trust: Sociological theory. 366.
34. Tajbakhsh, K. 2005. Social Capital, Trust, Democracy, and Development. 702.
35. Tomlinson J. 1999. Globalization and culture. University of Chicago Press.
36. Torres MM, Anderson M. 2004. Fragile states: defining difficult environments for poverty reduction. Poverty Reduction in Difficult Environments Team Policy Division, UK Department for International Development.
37. Whiteley PF. 2000. Economic growth and social capital. Politic Stud, 48(3): 443-466.