The Effects of Propolis on Human Health

Year 2021, , 17 - 21, 28.07.2021

Özge Yılmaz , Burcu Yeşilkaya

https://doi.org/10.51458/BSTD.2021.13

Abstract

Propolis is a natural substance that honey bees collect from various plants such as poplar, palm, pine, conifer secretion, gum, resin, mucilage and leaf buds. Propolis gets its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties from its phytochemical content. The health-promoting mechanism of propolis appears to be related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The antioxidant activity of propolis is one of the most well-known properties. Flavonoids in propolis scavenge free radicals and protect the cell against lipid peroxidation. Propolis and its components prevent oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing lipid peroxidation. The first of the antibacterial effects of propolis is related to the direct action on the microorganism, the other to the stimulation of the immune system, which leads to the activation of the organism's natural defence system. The main components of propolis that offer anti-tumour potential are caffeic acid, phenethyl ester, chrysin, artepillin C, nemoroson, galangin, cardanol. These compounds are implicated in various genetic and biochemical pathways in cancer progression. At the same time, propolis has been thought to improve the inflammatory response in Covid-19 infection. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a propolis component, is also known as an immunomodulating agent and helps reduce the excessive inflammatory response.

Keywords

Antioxidant, Total phenolic content, CAPE, Covid-19

References

• Ahn, M. R., Kumazawa, S., Usui, Y., Nakamura, J., Matsuka, M., Zhu, F., & Nakayama, T. (2007). Antioxidantactivityandconstituents of propolis collected in various areas of China. FoodChemistry, 4(101), 1383-1392.
• Aliyazicioglu, R., Sahin, H., Erturk, O., Ulusoy, E., & Kolayli, S. (2013). Properties of PhenolicComposition andBiological Activity of Propolis fromTurkey. International Journal of FoodProperties,16(2), 277–287.
• Alkis, H. E., Kuzhan, A., Dirier, A., Tarakcioglu, M., Demir, E.,...... & Cinar K. (2015). Neuroprotectiveeffects of propolisand caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the radiation-injured brain tissue (Neuroprotective effects of propolisand CAPE). International Journal of RadiationResearch, 13(4), 297-303.
• Al-Waili N., Al-Ghamdi A., Ansari M. J., Al-Attal Y., & Salom K. (2012). Synergistic effects of honey and propolis toward drug multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans isolates in single and polymicrobial cultures. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(9), 793–800.
• Amira, M. A., & Kunugi, H. (2020). Apitherapy for Parkinson’s Disease: A Focus on the Effects of Propolis and Royal Jelly. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Article ID 1727142, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1727142.
• Anjum S., Ullah A., Khan K. A., Attaullah M., Khan H., Ali H.,....... & Dash C. (2019). Composition and functional properties of propolis (bee glue): A review. SaudiJournal of BiologicalSciences, 26(7), 1695-1703.
• Arıkan, H. K.,& Solak, H. H. (2019). Propolis Extract-PVA Nanocomposites of Textile Design: Antimicrobial Effect on Gram Positive and Negative Bacterias. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4(3), 218-224.
• Baltas N., Yildiz N., & Kolayli S. (2016). Inhibition properties of propolis extracts to some clinically important enzymes. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 31(S1), 52–55.
• Baskan, C., Kilic, D., & Siriken, B. (2019). Investigation of antibacterial and DNA damage inhibitory activities of propolis extract from Izmir of Turkey. Academia Journal of ScientificResearch, 7(4), 202-205.
• Batista, L. L. V., Campesatto, E. A., Assis, M. L, Barbosa, A .P., Grillo, L. A., & Dornelas, C. B. (2012). Comparative study of topical green and red propolis in the repair of wounds induced in rats. Revista do ColégioBrasileiro de Cirurgiões, 39(6), 515–520.
• Bazmandegan, G., Boroushaki, M. T., Shamsizadeh, A., Ayoobi, F., Hakimizadeh, E., & Allahtavakoli, M. (2017). Brown propolis attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced oxidative damage via affecting antioxidant enzymesystem in mice. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 85, 503–510.
• Berretta, A.,Silveira, M., Capcha, J., & Jong, D. (2020). Propolis and its potential against SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and COVID-19 disease. Biomed Pharmacother, 131: 110622.
• Biesalski, H. K., Dragsted, L. O., Elmadfa, I., Grossklaus, R., Müller, M., Schrenk, D., ... & Weber, P. (2009). Bioactive compounds: Definition and assessment of activity. Nutrition, 25(11-12), 1202-1205.
• Burdock, G. A. (1998). Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food and Chemical Toxicology, 36(4), 347–363.
• Ceylan, O., & Alic, H. (2020). Antibiofilm, Antioxidant and Quorum Quenching Activities of Propolis Samples from Southwest Anatolia. Bee Studies, 12(2), 27-30.
• Cornara, L., Biagi, M., Xiao, J., & Burlando, B. (2017). Therapeutic properties of bioactive compounds from different honeybee products. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, 412.
• Demir, S., Aliyazicioglu, Y., Turan, I., Mısır S., Mentese A.,.....& Değer O., (2015). Antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of Turkish propolis on human lung cancer cell line. Nutrition and Cancer, 68(1), 165-172.
• Freitas, S. F., Shinohara, L., Sforcin, J. M., & Guimarães, S. (2006). In vitro effects of propolis on Giardia duodenalis trophozoites. Phytomedicine, 13(3), 170–175.
• Güler, H. I., Tatar, G., Yıldız, O., Belduz, A. O., & Kolaylı, S. (2020). Moleküler Yerleştirme Çalışması ile COVID-19 tedavisi için etanolik propolis ekstraktlarının ACE-II reseptörlerine karşı potansiyel inhibitör özelliklerinin araştırılması. Akademik Gıda, 17(4), 538-545.
• Gavanji, S. &Larki, B. (2017). Comparative effect of propolis of honey bee and some herbal extracts on Candida albicans. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 23(3), 201-207.
• Gómez-Caravaca, A., Gómez-Romero, M., Arráez-Román, D., Segura-Carretero, A., & Fernández-Gutiérrez, A. (2006).Advances in the analysis of phenolic compounds in products derived from bees. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41(4), 1220–1234.
• Huang, S., Zhang, C. P., Wang, K., Li, G. Q., & Hu, F. (2014). Recent advances in the chemical composition of propolis. Molecules, 19(12), 19610-19632.
• Kuropatnicki, A. K., Szliszka, E., & Krol, W. (2013). Historical aspects of propolis research in modern times. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Article ID 964149, 11 pages.
• Kwon, Y. S., Park, D. H., Shin, E. J., Kwon, M. S., Ko, K. H., Kim, W. K., ........ & Jung, B .D. (2004). Antioxidant propolis attenuates kainate-induced neurotoxicity via adenosine A1 receptor modulation in the rat. Neuroscience Letters, 355(3), 231–235.
• Lotfy, M. (2006). Biological activity of bee propolis in health and disease. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 7(1), 22–31.
• Maruta, H. H., & He, H. (2020). PAK1-blockers: Potential Therapeutics against COVID-19. Medicine Drug Discovery. 2020;100039
• Menniti-Ippolito, F., Mazzanti, G., Vitalone, A., Firenzuoli F., & Santuccio, C. (2008). Surveillance of suspected adverse reactions to natural health products. Drug Safety, 31(5), 419–423.
• Mirsadraee, M., Azmoon, B., Ghaffari, S., Abdolsamadi, A., & Khazdair, M. R. (2020). Effect of Propolis on moderate persistent asthma: A phase two randomized, double blind, controlled clinical trial. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 11(1), 22-31.
• Mujica, V., Orrego, R., Pérez, J., Romero, P., Ovella, P., Zúñiga-Hernández, J.,..... & Leiva, E. (2017). The role of propolis in oxidative stress and lipid metabolism: a randomized controlled trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article ID 4272940.
• Münstedt, K., & Männle, H. (2019). Using Bee Products for the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Mucositis Induced by Cancer Treatment. Molecules, 24(17), 3023.
• Oliveira Reis, J. H., Barreto, C., Cerqueira, J., Pereira dos Anjo J., Andrade L., ......... & Machado, B. (2019). Evaluation of the antioxidant profile and cytotoxic activity of red propolis extracts from different regions of northeastern Brazil obtained by conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Plos One, 14(7), 1-27.
• Ozdal, T., Ceylan, F., Eroğlu, N., Kaplan, M., Olgun, E., & Capanoglu, E. (2019). Investigation of antioxidant capacity, bioaccessibility and LC-MS/MS phenolic profile of Turkish propolis. FoodResearch International, 122, 528-536.
• Pamplona-Zomenhan, L. C., Pamplona, B. C., da Silva, C. B., Marcucci, M. C., & Mimica, L. M. (2011). Evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of an ethanol extract of Brazilian classified propolis on strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 42(4), 1259–1264.
• Patel, S. (2016). Emerging Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer: Propolis and its Constituents. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 13(3), 245-268.
• Refaat, H., Mady, F., Sarhan, H., Rateb, H., & Alaaeldin, E. (2020). Optimization and evaluation of propolis liposomes as a promising therapeutic approach for COVID-19. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 592, 120028.
• Sforcin, J. M. (2007). Propolis and the immune system: a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,113(1), 1-14.
• Sforcin, J. M., & Bankova, V. (2011). Propolis: Is there a potential for the development of new drugs?. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 133(2), 133-253.
• Toreti, V. C., Sato, H. H., Pastore, G. M., & Park, Y. K. (2013). Recent progress of propolis for its biological and chemical compositions and its botanical origin. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article ID 697390, 13 pages.
• Wang, L. C., Lin, Y. L., Liang, Y. C., Yang, Y. H., Lee, J. H.,......& Chiang, B. L.(2009). The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on the functions of human monocytederived dendritic cells. BMC Immunolgy, 10(39), 1-13.
• Weaver, C. M., Barnes, S., Wyss, J. M., Kim, H., Morre, D. M.,.....& Ferruzzi, M. G. (2008). Botanicals for age-related diseases: From field to practice. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87(2), 493–497.
• Xuan, H., Li, Z., Yan, H., Sang, Q., Wang, K.,..... & Hu, F. (2014). Antitumor activity of Chinese propolis in human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 280120, 11 pages.
• Zhang, N. N., Wu, J. Q., Gao, W. N., Wei, J. Y., Jiao, C.Y., Guo, C.J., & Chang, H.(2014). The comparative study on improvement of oxidative stress in rats with diabetes mellitus by propolis from different origin. Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 498 (13), 1-9.
• Zhao, L., Pu, L., Wei, J., Li, J., Wu, J., Xin, Z.,...... & Guo, C. (2016). Brazilian green propolis improves antioxidant function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5), 498.