The study group of the research consists of 157 7th and 8th grade students who are studying in the spring term of the 2021-2022 academic year in secondary schools in the central districts of Ankara province and determined according to the easily accessible sampling method. 50 of the students are in the 7th grade and 107 of them are in the 8th grade. The ease of accessibility in determining the study group can be explained by the fact that the administrators of the educational institutions where the students study and the researchers are familiar.
In order to develop the existing scale, first of all, a literature review was conducted on the history of the revolution and new generation questions. As a result of the information obtained from here, the first draft item pool of 28 questions was created. Afterwards, the statements of Disagree (1), Undecided (2) and Agree (3) were placed in a 3-point Likert style in order to determine the level of participation of the participant group to be applied to the questions, across the 26 items that remained in the first draft form. After this process, the measurement tool, which was in draft form, was sent to two experts, one of whom has academic studies on the history of the Revolution, and one of whom has a doctorate in Turkish Education, for examination in terms of scope, content, language, expression and spelling. As a result of the feedback from the experts, the 26-item scale in the draft scale took its final form. Afterwards, the scale items were brought to the format of the measurement tool and delivered to the student groups through the messaging program so that the participants could reach them. The data obtained in about a week were arranged by the researchers and transferred to the SPSS 22 program for the testing of validity and reliability analysis. Then, Kaiser-Meyer Olkin and Bartlett Sphericity Test values were checked in order to determine the suitability of the scale for exploratory factor analysis, which will be used to determine the construct validity of the scale over the data set consisting of 26 questions, and the determined values were found to be suitable for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). As a result of the analysis, the validity of the measurement tool was tested by calculating the correlation matrix regarding the total score and factors of the scale, item discrimination strengths and item total correlations over the remaining 21 items in the measurement tool, afterwards, by looking at the internal consistency level of the measurement tool, information about its reliability was obtained. In order to determine that the attitude scale regarding the New Generation Revolution History of Turkish Republic and Kemalism questions consists of a valid structure, the construct validity was checked first, and then the correlation matrix of the total score and factors of the scale and the item-total correlations were calculated.
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett Sphericity Tests were conducted on the draft data of the 26-item scale to determine its suitability for the EFA for the attitude scale regarding the new generation Turkish Revolution History and Kemalism questions, and the KMO value was 0.81 and the Bartlett Sphericity Test value was x2= 1166.491; sd=325 (p=0.000). Then, principal component analysis was performed on the existing measurement tool. During this analysis, Varimax rotation technique was used to determine whether the scale was distributed among independent factors. As a result of the analysis, 1 item of the scale with item factor load values below .30 and 4 items with a load under more than one factor and the difference between these load values less than .10 were removed from the scale one by one, starting with the item with the least difference and then, the EFA process was repeated on the remaining 21 items in the scale. It was observed that the remaining 21 items after the EFA process were clustered under three factors. It was determined that the KMO value of the 21-item scale with three factors was 0.80 and the Bartlett Test of Sphericity values were x2=853.221; sd=210; p<0.000. The factor loadings of the items in the measurement tool before the rotation varied between .37 and .70; and after applying the Varimax rotation technique, factor loading values were found to vary between .39 and .80. On the other hand, it was observed that the total variance explanation rate of the items of the scale was 42.67%. The reliability of the prepared scale was determined by performing internal consistency analyzes for the entire scale. Accordingly, the Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient for the whole scale was determined as .80.
In the study, a scale consisting of 21 items and 3 factors in which these items were collected was obtained in order to determine the attitudes of secondary school students towards the questions of the new generation Revolution History of Turkish Republic and Kemalism. The lowest score that can be obtained from the whole scale is 21 and the highest score is 63. It is thought that the scale tool revealed in this study will contribute to the literature in determining the attitudes of secondary school students towards the questions of the new generation Revolution History of Turkish Republic and Kemalism, and will contribute to the studies to be carried out on the questions of Revolution History of Turkish Republic and Kemalism.
New generation questions Revolution History of Turkish Republic and Kemalism attitude scale development secondary school students
Gelişmekte olan ülkeler hemen her alanda olduğu gibi eğitimsel alandaki yaşadıkları değişimi de dünyadaki gelişmiş ülkelerin eğitim sistemlerini temel alarak gerçekleştirmektedir. Bu durum ülkelerin eğitim sistemlerini gözden geçirmelerine, sistemlerinde güncellemelere ya da çeşitli değişimlere kapı aralamaktadır. Bu bağlamda Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı 2018 yılından itibaren LGS sınavında yer alacak soru tarzlarını güncelleyerek öğrencilerin gerçek hayatlarında kullanabilecekleri becerileri ölçebilecek tarzda yeni nesil soruların ilgili sınavda yer almasına karar vermiştir. Bu sınavda güncellenen yeni nesil soru türlerinden birisi de T.C. İnkılâp Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük sorulardır. Yeni nesil T.C. İnkılâp Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük sorularına ilişkin ilgili öğrencilerin tutumlarını belirlemede kullanılabilecek ölçek geliştirmek amacıyla ortaya konan bu çalışmanın verileri 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılının bahar döneminde Ankara ili merkez ilçelerinde bulunan ortaokulların yedinci ve sekizinci sınıflarında öğrenim gören 157 öğrencilerden elde edilmiştir. Toplanan veriler doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda; ölçeğin madde toplam korelasyon katsayılarının kabul edilebilir seviyede olduğu ve tüm maddelerin istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ise ölçek maddelerinin üç boyut altında toplandığı görülmüştür. Öte yandan ölçeğin geneline yönelik saptanan güvenirlik katsayısı ile geçerliğine ilişkin veriler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda ölçme aracının ortaokul öğrencilerinin yeni nesil T.C. İnkılâp Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük sorularına yönelik tutumlarını ortaya koymada kullanılabilecek bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.
Yeni nesil sorular T. C. İnkılâp Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük tutum ölçek geliştirme ortaokul öğrencileri
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Specialist Studies in Education (Other) |
Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 27, 2023 |
Acceptance Date | December 6, 2023 |
Published in Issue | Year 2023 |
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