This study aims to reveal the opinions of classroom teachers on the development of students' thinking skills and to examine the factors that support or hinder these skills. The 21st-century skills encompass high-level thinking abilities such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and creative thinking. Education systems now aim to cultivate individuals who can question, think, and generate solutions rather than just memorize information. In this regard, the teacher’s role should be redefined as a facilitator and guide rather than merely a transmitter of knowledge.The research adopts a qualitative design and follows a basic qualitative research model. Data were collected through semi-structured interview forms and in-class observations. The interview form was revised based on expert opinions and finalized with 12 questions after a pilot study. Observations were conducted in 3rd-grade Life Science and 4th-grade Science classes, totaling six lesson hours. The study group consisted of 15 classroom teachers with varied professional seniority, selected through maximum variation sampling.The findings were categorized under nine themes. The first theme examined the effect of individual differences on thinking skills. Teachers identified family structure, communication style, intelligence, inquisitive temperament, and social environment as significant factors influencing thinking skills. A democratic and supportive family environment was found to be crucial for fostering expression and cognitive development.The second theme focused on the impact of curriculum objectives. While some teachers found the objectives supportive of thinking skills, others criticized them for being rote-based and not level-appropriate. This reflects varied perceptions of the curriculum among teachers. The third theme explored the time allocated for learning outcomes. Most teachers considered the current duration insufficient and suggested additional lesson time to enhance thinking skills. They emphasized the need for dedicated time and activities targeting these competencies. The fourth theme addressed the role of school facilities. Teachers reported that well-equipped schools, especially those with technological infrastructure, positively influenced the development of thinking skills. Tools like smart boards and internet access enable more concrete and visual teaching, benefiting analytical thinking. The fifth theme concerned the impact of grade level. Teachers generally agreed that as students progress through grades, their cognitive abilities develop, supporting their thinking skills. However, a few noted that a standardized education system could suppress original thinking. The sixth theme highlighted teacher behaviors. Most participants agreed that questioning, activating, guiding, and creating a free classroom environment positively affect students’ thinking skills. One teacher, however, believed that individual traits were more decisive than teacher influence. The seventh theme examined societal perspectives. Teachers emphasized that developed societies value thinking and that parental education levels and socioeconomic status significantly impact thinking skills development. The eighth theme dealt with course content. Teachers noted that most content is based on information transfer and lacks elements that encourage inquiry. They suggested revising content to be more inquiry-based and even proposed a separate course for thinking skills.The final theme was derived from classroom observations. In 3rd-grade Life Science and 4th-grade Science classes, teachers posed questions and guided discussions that fostered analytical and critical thinking. However, less attention was given to creativity and decision-making skills. In conclusion, multiple factors influence the teaching of thinking skills. Family dynamics, teacher attitudes, school resources, content structure, and time allocation all play significant roles. Most teachers recognize the importance of these skills but point out systemic shortcomings. Restructuring content, training teachers, and improving school conditions are seen as essential steps toward fostering students' thinking skills.
Bu araştırmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmenlerinin öğrencilerin düşünme becerilerinin gelişimine dair görüşlerini belirlemek ve bu becerileri destekleyen ya da engelleyen faktörleri ortaya koymaktır. 21. yüzyıl becerilerinin gerektirdiği eleştirel düşünme, problem çözme ve yaratıcı düşünme gibi üst düzey zihinsel süreçlerin öğrencilere kazandırılmasında öğretmenlerin tutumu, programın yapısı ve okulun imkânları gibi çeşitli faktörler önemli rol oynamaktadır. Araştırma nitel yöntemle gerçekleştirilmiş; veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ve sınıf içi gözlemler yoluyla toplanmıştır. Çalışma grubunu farklı kıdem ve görev yerlerine sahip 15 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Gözlemler, 3. sınıf Hayat Bilgisi ve 4. sınıf Fen Bilimleri derslerinde yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular dokuz tema altında toplanmıştır. Öğretmenler, bireysel farklılıklar, aile yapısı, zekâ, öğretmen davranışları, ders içerikleri, süre yetersizliği ve okul imkânlarının düşünme becerileri üzerinde etkili olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Özellikle soru soran, rehberlik eden ve özgür düşünme ortamı sağlayan öğretmen davranışlarının öğrencilerin bilişsel gelişimini desteklediği vurgulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, düşünme becerilerinin öğretiminde bireysel, çevresel ve yapısal faktörlerin bir bütün olarak ele alınması gerektiği ortaya konmuştur. Program içerikleri, öğretim süresi ve öğretmen yeterliliklerinin bu becerilerin geliştirilmesi amacıyla yeniden düzenlenmesi önerilmektedir
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Curriculum and Instration (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | September 11, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | December 12, 2025 |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 2 |
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