Telif Hakkını Mülkiyet Olarak Gördüğümüzde Görmediğimiz Şey

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 235 - 282, 16.09.2022

Jessica Litman Translator: Müge Çetin

Abstract

Eser sahiplerinin telif hakkı düzeni içerisindeki asli yerleri hakkındaki tüm söylevlere rağmen, telif hakkı düzenlemeleri aslında onlara çok az güç ve daha az para vermektedir. Aracılar telif haklarına sahip olup; eser sahiplerine yaptıkları ödemeleri azaltırken, kendi gelirlerini en üst düzeye çıkartabilecek şekilde lisansları yapılandırabiliyorlar. Telif hakkı çalışanlar, bu durumu yüzeysel olarak ele almaktadır. Çünkü hukukçular olarak; telif haklarının mülkiyet hakkı olduğunu, mülkiyet haklarının serbest bir şekilde devredilebildiğini ve mülkiyet hakkını devralan kişinin, asıl hak sahibinin yerini aldığını itirazsız kabul ediyoruz. Bu çalışmada, 1710 tarihli kanuni telif haklarını yaratan ve bunları yayımcıların ve matbaacıların elinde toplayan Anne Kanunu (The Statue Of Anne) ile Amerikan Yerlilerinin elinde bulunan toprakların kendilerinden alınmasında kritik bir işlevi olan 1887 tarihli Dawes Kanunu’nu karşılaştırıyorum. Bu iki kanunun hikayesinden aynı ahlaki değeri çıkartıyorum: Bir şeyi serbestçe devredilebilir bir mülkiyet hakkı olarak tesis etmek, çoğu kez zenginlik ve pazarlık gücündeki eşitsizlikleri yansıtan veya şiddetlendiren sonuçlara yol açar. Mülkiyet hakkını çevreleyen hukuki dogma, bunu fark etmememizi kolaylaştırır.

Keywords

Telif Hakkı , Mülkiyet , Eser Sahiplerinin Hakları , Devredilebilirlik , Dawes Kanunu

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• Wijminga H, Klomp W, Van Der Jagt M and Poort J, ‘World Intellectual Property Association International Survey on Private Copying: Law and Practice 2016’ (Wipo, 2017) http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_1037_2017.pdf
• Zimmerman D, ‘Copyright As Incentives: Did We Just Imagine That?’ (2010) 12 Theo Inq Law 29
• 6 Casa Duse v Merkin, 791 F.3d 247, 260 (2d Cir. 2015)
• 19 Recordings v Sony Music Entertainment, No. 14-CV-1056 (SDNY filed 24 June 2015)
• Blackfeet Tribe of Indians v State of Montana, 729 F.2d 1192 (9th Cir. 1984), aff’d 471 US 759 (1985)
• Bleistein v Donaldson Lithographing Co., 188 U. S. 239, 248–49 (1903)
• BMG Rights Management v Cox Communications, 881 F.3d 293 (4th Cir. 2018)
• Capitol Records v Thomas-Rasset, 692 F.3d 899 (8th Cir. 2012)
• Colliery Eng’r Co. v United Correspondence Schs., 94 F. 152, 153 (C.C.S.D.N.Y. 1899)
• Community for Creative Non Violence v Reid, 490 US 730 (1989)
• DC Comics v Pacific Pictures Corp., 545 Fed, Appx. 678 (9th Cir. 2013)
• Eldred v. Ashcroft” (2003) 13 Fordham Intellectual Property Media & Entertainment Law Journal 771
• EMI Christian Music v MP3Tunes, 844 F.3d 79 (2d Cir. 2016)
• FBT Productions v Aftermath Records, 621 F.3d 958 (9th Cir 2010)
• FBT Productions, 621 F.3d 958 (9th Cir 2010)
• Fred Fisher Music Co. v M. Witmark & Sons, 318 U.S. 643 (19439
• JAH IP Holdings v Mascio, 2014 US Dist LEXIS 16246 (D. Colo. 2014)
• Johnson’s Lessee v M’Intosh, 21 US 543 (1923)
• JustMed v Byce, 600 F.3d 1118 (9th Cir. 2010)
• Keiler v Harlequin Enters., 751 F.3d 64 (2d Cir. 2013)
• Larson v Warner Brothers, 640 Fed. Appx. (9th Cir. 2016)
• Lawrence v Dana, 15 F. Cas. 26 (C.C.D. Mass 1869)
• Legitimate Sites v. Parasites Hearing Before the Subcommittee On Intellectual Property of the House Judiciary Committee 112th Congress (14 March 2011)
• Malmsteen v Universal Music Group, 940 F. Supp. 2D 123, 132–33 (SDNY 2013).
• Marvel Characters v Kirby, 726 F. 3d 119 (2d Cir. 2013)
• Milne v Stephen Slesinger, Inc., 430 F.3d 1036, 1039 (9th Cir. 2005).
• NY Times v Tasini, 533 U.S. 483, 499–506 (2001).
• Parton v Prang, 18 F. Cas. 1273, 1278 (C.C.D. Mass. 1872)
• Penguin Group (USA) Inc. v Steinbeck, 537 F.3d (2d Cir. 2008)
• Pulte v Derby, 20 F. Cas. 51 (C.C. D. Ohio 1852)
• Sony BMG Music Entertainment v Tenenbaum, 660 F.3d 487 (1st Cir. 2011).
• Tasini v NY Times, 972 F. Supp. 804 (SDNY 2007), rev’d 206 F.3d 161 (2d Cir. 2000)
• Tavares v Capitol Records, LLC, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 34317 (ND Cal. 2013)