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Yapay Zeka Destekli Yazma Eğitiminin Ortaokul Düzeyindeki İngilizce Öğrenen Öğrencilerin Yazma Tutumlarına Etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 42 Issue: 2, 155 - 170, 25.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.52597/buje.1727868

Abstract

Araştırmanın amacı, yapay zekâ destekli yazma eğitiminin ortaokul öğrencilerinin İngilizce yazma tutumlarına etkisini incelemektir. Çalışma, bir devlet ortaokulunda öğrenim gören 52 yedinci sınıf öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nicel bir araştırma deseni benimsenmiş ve ön test-son test uygulamalı tek grup modeli kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak; “ilişki”, “algı” ve “katkı” olmak üzere üç alt boyuttan oluşan Yazma Tutum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Uygulama süreci 12 hafta boyunca sürmüş; her hafta belirli bir yazma becerisi (betimleyici yazma, yaratıcı yazma, yönerge yazma, özet çıkarma vb.) ele alınmıştır. Öğrenciler, ChatGPT, Grammarly, QuillBot, DeepL Writer gibi farklı yapay zekâ araçlarıyla yazma sürecinin çeşitli aşamalarında etkileşim kurmuştur. Bulgular, öğrencilerin yazma tutumlarında özellikle “ilişki” ve “katkı” alt boyutlarında anlamlı artışlar olduğunu göstermiştir. Cinsiyet değişkeni dikkate alındığında, kız öğrencilerin genel tutum puanları daha yüksek olmakla birlikte, erkek öğrenciler yazının akademik katkısına ilişkin algılarında daha büyük gelişme göstermiştir. Gelecekte farklı örneklemlerle ve uzun süreli uygulamalarla yapılacak araştırmaların alanyazına katkı sunması beklenmektedir.

References

  • Alfadda, H. A., & Mahdi, H. S. (2021). Measuring students' use of Zoom application in language course based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 50, 883–900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-021-09753-3
  • Archibald, A., & Jeffery, G. C. (2000). Second language acquisition and writing: A multi- disciplinary approach. Learning and Instruction, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-4752(99)00015-8
  • Aydın, S., & Zengin, B. (2008). Yabancı Dil Öğreniminde Kaygı: Bir Literatür Özeti. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 4(1), 1-94.
  • Biju, N., Abdelrasheed, N. S. G., Bakiyeva, K., Prasad, K. D. V., & Jember, B. (2024). Which one? AI-assisted language assessment or paper format: An exploration of the impacts on foreign language anxiety, learning attitudes, motivation, and writing performance. Language Testing in Asia, 14(45). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-024-00322-z
  • Boudouaia, A., Ghouila, D., Bensalem, E., & Benyekhlef, H. (2024). A study on ChatGPT-4 as an innovative approach to enhancing English as a foreign language writing. Heliyon, 10(4), e25798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25798
  • Can, R., & Topçuoğlu Ünal, F. (2017). The development of writing attitude scale for middle school students: A validity and reliability study. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(39), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.18033/ijla.3739
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2007). Experiments, quasi-experiments, single-case research and meta-analysis. Cohen, L., Manion,L., & Morrison,K. (Haz.), Research methods in education içinde (6. baskı) (s. 272–296). Routledge Falmer.
  • Cotos, E., & Link, S. (2023). The challenges and opportunities of AI-assisted writing. Journal of Educational Technology, 11(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/23294906231176517
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum Press.
  • Deno, S. L. (2003). Developments in curriculum-based measurement. The Journal of Special Education, 37(3), 184–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224669030370030801
  • Dergaa, I., Chamari, K., Zmijewski, P., & Saad, H. B. (2023). From human writing to artificial intelligence generated text: examining the prospects and potential threats of ChatGPT in academic writing. Biology of Sport, 40(2), 615–622. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2023.125623
  • Ebadi, S., & Amini, D. (2024). Investigating the effect of AI-based feedback on L2 learners’ writing performance and engagement: The case of ChatGPT. Language Testing in Asia, 14(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-024-00322-z
  • Fathi, J., Derakhshan, A., & Rastegar, M. (2023). The interplay of EFL learners’ writing anxiety, writing self-efficacy, and perceived writing feedback. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1260843. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260843
  • Fitria, T. N. (2025). QuillBot grammar checker: The ability to evaluate students' writing errors of English essay. International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS), 06(01), 1–12.
  • Graham, S., Berninger, V. W., & Fan, W. (2005). The structural relationship between writing attitude and writing achievement in first and third grade students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 30(3), 207–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2004.08.001
  • Guasch, T., Espasa, A., Alvarez, I. M., & Kirschner, P. A. (2013). Effects of feedback on collaborative writing in an online learning environment. Distance Education, 34(3), 324–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2013.835772
  • Hockly, N., & Dudeney, G. (2018). Current and future digital trends in ELT. Relc Journal, 49(2), 164–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688218777318
  • Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education promises and implications for teaching and learning (1. baskı.). Center for Curriculum Redesign.
  • Karasar, N. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık .
  • Kellogg, R. (2008). Training writing skills: A cognitive development perspective. Journal of Writing Research 1(1), 1–126 . https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2008.01.01.1
  • Klimova, B., Pikhart, M., Polakova, P., Cerna, M., Yayilgan, S. Y., & Shaikh, S. (2023). A systematic review on the use of emerging technologies in teaching English as an applied language at the university level. Systems, 11(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11010042
  • Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Pergamon Press Inc.
  • Li, H., Wang, Y., Luo, S., & Huang, C. (2024). The influence of GenAI on the effectiveness of argumentative writing in higher education: Evidence from a quasi-experimental study in China. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 18(2), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2024.2363128
  • Linh, L. T. H., & Ha, N. T. (2021). Technology-enhanced writing: An investigation of Vietnamese EFL students' attitudes. International Journal of TESOL & Education, 1(2), 110–124. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijte.21128
  • Listiani, G. (2023). AI-based writing assistant: The students’ perception of Grammarly in academic writing. Metathesis: Journal of English Language, Literature, and Teaching, 7(2), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.31002/metathesis.v7i2.3519
  • Liu, Y. (2020). Relating lexical access and second language speaking performance. Language, 5(2), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages5020013
  • Mısırlı, Z.A., & Güneş, A.M. (2021). Temel eğitimde teknoloji kullanımı. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Nurmayanti, S., & Suryadi, D. (2023). Utilizing paraphrasing tools in academic writing: A study of EFL learners’ perceptions. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 11(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v11i1.6632
  • Pajares, F., & Valiante, G. (2006). Self-efficacy beliefs and motivation in writing development. C. A. MacArthur, S. Graham, & J. Fitzgerald (Haz.), Handbook of writing research içinde (s. 158–170). The Guilford Press.
  • Peterson, J. L. (1980). Computer programs for detecting and correcting spelling errors. Communications of the ACM, 23(12), 676–687. https://doi.org/10.1145/359038.3590
  • Roughton, J., Crutchfield, N., & Waite, M. (2019). Safety culture: An innovative leadership approach. Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Saito, K., & Akiyama, Y. (2017). Linguistic correlates of comprehensibility in second language Japanese speech. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 3(2), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1075/jslp.3.2.02sai
  • Sariani, N. M., Mursid, R., & Pardede, H. (2021). Students’ perception toward the use of Google Docs in teaching writing. English Teaching and Linguistics Journal (ETLiJ), 2(2), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.30596/etlij.v2i2.8059
  • Seufert, S., Guggemos, J., & Sailer, M. (2021). Technology-related knowledge, skills, and attitudes of pre-and in-service teachers: The current situation and emerging trends. Computers in Human Behavior, 115, 106552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106552
  • Shayakhmetova, N., Tazhikeyeva, Z., Turmaganbetova, G., & Kenzhebekova, S. (2020). Using technology to improve writing skills of students. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(6), 3415–3423. http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/view/15666
  • Song, H., & Song, Y. (2023). The effectiveness of AI-powered tools for EFL learners’ writing development: Evidence from ChatGPT-based instruction. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1260063. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260063
  • Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1202_4
  • Tabachnick B. G., & Fidell L. S. (2013) Using multivariate statistics (6. baskı). Pearson.
  • Villalon, J., Mateos, M., & Cuevas, I. (2015). High school students’ writing self-efficacy and writing self-regulation: The role of gender and academic goals. Educational Psychology, 35(6), 653–674. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2013.849326
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
  • Weissberg, R. (2007). Connecting Speaking & Writing in Second Language Writing Instruction. TESL-EJ, 11(3), 1–171.
  • Wen, Y., & Walters, W. (2022). The impact of AI-supported writing tools on EFL learners’ writing development: A case study of university students. English Language Teaching Educational Journal, 5(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v5i1.2189
  • Wolfersberger, M. (2003). L1 to L2 writing process and strategy transfer: A look at lower proficiency writers. Tesl-Ej, 7(2), 1–12.
  • Xiao, X. F. W., Shao, Y., Zheng, L., & Wang, Q. (2025). Exploring the landscape of generative AI (ChatGPT)-powered writing instruction in language education: A scoping review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 100184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100184
  • Yamson, W., & Borong, N. (2022). Metacognitive strategies for developing writing skills. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 9(11), 7395–7403. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v9i011.08
  • Yan, Z. (2023). Student engagement with writing feedback in higher education: A systematic review. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 48(2), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2022.2102957
  • Zhang, X. (2019). Foreign language writing anxiety and its correlates: A meta-analysis. Journal of Second Language Writing, 45, 100707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2019.100707
  • Zheng, B., & Warschauer, M. (2017). Epilogue: Second language writing in the age of computer-mediated communication. Journal of Second Language Writing, 36, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2017.05.014

The Effect of AI-Supported Writing Instruction on Middle School EFL Students’ Attitudes Toward Writing

Year 2025, Volume: 42 Issue: 2, 155 - 170, 25.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.52597/buje.1727868

Abstract

The study aimed to examine the impact of artificial intelligence-supported writing instruction on middle school students’ attitudes toward English writing. The research was conducted with 52 seventh-grade students at a public middle school, employing a quantitative one-group pretest–posttest design. Data were collected using the Writing Attitude Scale, consisting of three sub-dimensions: “relation,” “perception,” and “contribution.” The intervention lasted 12 weeks, during which a specific writing skill (e.g., descriptive, creative, instructional, summarizing) was addressed each week. Students interacted with various artificial intelligence tools, including ChatGPT, Grammarly, QuillBot, and DeepL Writer, at different stages of the writing process. Findings revealed significant improvements in students’ attitudes, particularly in the “relation” and “contribution” sub-dimensions. Regarding gender, female students had higher overall scores, while male students showed greater improvement in perceptions of academic contribution. Future studies with diverse samples and longer interventions are expected to enrich the literature.

References

  • Alfadda, H. A., & Mahdi, H. S. (2021). Measuring students' use of Zoom application in language course based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 50, 883–900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-021-09753-3
  • Archibald, A., & Jeffery, G. C. (2000). Second language acquisition and writing: A multi- disciplinary approach. Learning and Instruction, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-4752(99)00015-8
  • Aydın, S., & Zengin, B. (2008). Yabancı Dil Öğreniminde Kaygı: Bir Literatür Özeti. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 4(1), 1-94.
  • Biju, N., Abdelrasheed, N. S. G., Bakiyeva, K., Prasad, K. D. V., & Jember, B. (2024). Which one? AI-assisted language assessment or paper format: An exploration of the impacts on foreign language anxiety, learning attitudes, motivation, and writing performance. Language Testing in Asia, 14(45). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-024-00322-z
  • Boudouaia, A., Ghouila, D., Bensalem, E., & Benyekhlef, H. (2024). A study on ChatGPT-4 as an innovative approach to enhancing English as a foreign language writing. Heliyon, 10(4), e25798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25798
  • Can, R., & Topçuoğlu Ünal, F. (2017). The development of writing attitude scale for middle school students: A validity and reliability study. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(39), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.18033/ijla.3739
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2007). Experiments, quasi-experiments, single-case research and meta-analysis. Cohen, L., Manion,L., & Morrison,K. (Haz.), Research methods in education içinde (6. baskı) (s. 272–296). Routledge Falmer.
  • Cotos, E., & Link, S. (2023). The challenges and opportunities of AI-assisted writing. Journal of Educational Technology, 11(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/23294906231176517
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum Press.
  • Deno, S. L. (2003). Developments in curriculum-based measurement. The Journal of Special Education, 37(3), 184–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224669030370030801
  • Dergaa, I., Chamari, K., Zmijewski, P., & Saad, H. B. (2023). From human writing to artificial intelligence generated text: examining the prospects and potential threats of ChatGPT in academic writing. Biology of Sport, 40(2), 615–622. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2023.125623
  • Ebadi, S., & Amini, D. (2024). Investigating the effect of AI-based feedback on L2 learners’ writing performance and engagement: The case of ChatGPT. Language Testing in Asia, 14(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-024-00322-z
  • Fathi, J., Derakhshan, A., & Rastegar, M. (2023). The interplay of EFL learners’ writing anxiety, writing self-efficacy, and perceived writing feedback. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1260843. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260843
  • Fitria, T. N. (2025). QuillBot grammar checker: The ability to evaluate students' writing errors of English essay. International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS), 06(01), 1–12.
  • Graham, S., Berninger, V. W., & Fan, W. (2005). The structural relationship between writing attitude and writing achievement in first and third grade students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 30(3), 207–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2004.08.001
  • Guasch, T., Espasa, A., Alvarez, I. M., & Kirschner, P. A. (2013). Effects of feedback on collaborative writing in an online learning environment. Distance Education, 34(3), 324–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2013.835772
  • Hockly, N., & Dudeney, G. (2018). Current and future digital trends in ELT. Relc Journal, 49(2), 164–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688218777318
  • Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education promises and implications for teaching and learning (1. baskı.). Center for Curriculum Redesign.
  • Karasar, N. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık .
  • Kellogg, R. (2008). Training writing skills: A cognitive development perspective. Journal of Writing Research 1(1), 1–126 . https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2008.01.01.1
  • Klimova, B., Pikhart, M., Polakova, P., Cerna, M., Yayilgan, S. Y., & Shaikh, S. (2023). A systematic review on the use of emerging technologies in teaching English as an applied language at the university level. Systems, 11(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11010042
  • Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Pergamon Press Inc.
  • Li, H., Wang, Y., Luo, S., & Huang, C. (2024). The influence of GenAI on the effectiveness of argumentative writing in higher education: Evidence from a quasi-experimental study in China. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 18(2), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2024.2363128
  • Linh, L. T. H., & Ha, N. T. (2021). Technology-enhanced writing: An investigation of Vietnamese EFL students' attitudes. International Journal of TESOL & Education, 1(2), 110–124. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijte.21128
  • Listiani, G. (2023). AI-based writing assistant: The students’ perception of Grammarly in academic writing. Metathesis: Journal of English Language, Literature, and Teaching, 7(2), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.31002/metathesis.v7i2.3519
  • Liu, Y. (2020). Relating lexical access and second language speaking performance. Language, 5(2), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages5020013
  • Mısırlı, Z.A., & Güneş, A.M. (2021). Temel eğitimde teknoloji kullanımı. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Nurmayanti, S., & Suryadi, D. (2023). Utilizing paraphrasing tools in academic writing: A study of EFL learners’ perceptions. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 11(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v11i1.6632
  • Pajares, F., & Valiante, G. (2006). Self-efficacy beliefs and motivation in writing development. C. A. MacArthur, S. Graham, & J. Fitzgerald (Haz.), Handbook of writing research içinde (s. 158–170). The Guilford Press.
  • Peterson, J. L. (1980). Computer programs for detecting and correcting spelling errors. Communications of the ACM, 23(12), 676–687. https://doi.org/10.1145/359038.3590
  • Roughton, J., Crutchfield, N., & Waite, M. (2019). Safety culture: An innovative leadership approach. Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Saito, K., & Akiyama, Y. (2017). Linguistic correlates of comprehensibility in second language Japanese speech. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 3(2), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1075/jslp.3.2.02sai
  • Sariani, N. M., Mursid, R., & Pardede, H. (2021). Students’ perception toward the use of Google Docs in teaching writing. English Teaching and Linguistics Journal (ETLiJ), 2(2), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.30596/etlij.v2i2.8059
  • Seufert, S., Guggemos, J., & Sailer, M. (2021). Technology-related knowledge, skills, and attitudes of pre-and in-service teachers: The current situation and emerging trends. Computers in Human Behavior, 115, 106552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106552
  • Shayakhmetova, N., Tazhikeyeva, Z., Turmaganbetova, G., & Kenzhebekova, S. (2020). Using technology to improve writing skills of students. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(6), 3415–3423. http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/view/15666
  • Song, H., & Song, Y. (2023). The effectiveness of AI-powered tools for EFL learners’ writing development: Evidence from ChatGPT-based instruction. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1260063. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260063
  • Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1202_4
  • Tabachnick B. G., & Fidell L. S. (2013) Using multivariate statistics (6. baskı). Pearson.
  • Villalon, J., Mateos, M., & Cuevas, I. (2015). High school students’ writing self-efficacy and writing self-regulation: The role of gender and academic goals. Educational Psychology, 35(6), 653–674. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2013.849326
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
  • Weissberg, R. (2007). Connecting Speaking & Writing in Second Language Writing Instruction. TESL-EJ, 11(3), 1–171.
  • Wen, Y., & Walters, W. (2022). The impact of AI-supported writing tools on EFL learners’ writing development: A case study of university students. English Language Teaching Educational Journal, 5(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v5i1.2189
  • Wolfersberger, M. (2003). L1 to L2 writing process and strategy transfer: A look at lower proficiency writers. Tesl-Ej, 7(2), 1–12.
  • Xiao, X. F. W., Shao, Y., Zheng, L., & Wang, Q. (2025). Exploring the landscape of generative AI (ChatGPT)-powered writing instruction in language education: A scoping review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 100184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100184
  • Yamson, W., & Borong, N. (2022). Metacognitive strategies for developing writing skills. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 9(11), 7395–7403. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v9i011.08
  • Yan, Z. (2023). Student engagement with writing feedback in higher education: A systematic review. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 48(2), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2022.2102957
  • Zhang, X. (2019). Foreign language writing anxiety and its correlates: A meta-analysis. Journal of Second Language Writing, 45, 100707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2019.100707
  • Zheng, B., & Warschauer, M. (2017). Epilogue: Second language writing in the age of computer-mediated communication. Journal of Second Language Writing, 36, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2017.05.014
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects English As A Second Language, Instructional Technologies
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Tugba Aydın Yıldız 0000-0001-5248-2484

Publication Date August 25, 2025
Submission Date June 26, 2025
Acceptance Date July 29, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 42 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aydın Yıldız, T. (2025). Yapay Zeka Destekli Yazma Eğitiminin Ortaokul Düzeyindeki İngilizce Öğrenen Öğrencilerin Yazma Tutumlarına Etkisi. Bogazici University Journal of Education, 42(2), 155-170. https://doi.org/10.52597/buje.1727868