Tectonic Relations Between İzmir-Ankara Zone and Karaburun Belt

Year 1990, Volume: 110 Issue: 110, 1 - 15, 01.03.1990

Burhan Erdoğan

Abstract

 In the Western Anatolia around Izmir region, three tectonic belts are located. These are from east to west, the
Menderes massif, the Izmir-Ankara zone and the Karaburun belt. The Menderes massif is composed of metamorphic rocks, the
uppermost section of which is Early Eocene in age. The Izmir-Ankara zone, which thrusted over the Menderes massif, is represented
by a melange of Campanian-Danian age in a large region between Manisa and Seferihisar. This coatic unit which is named
here as Bornova melange, is made up of matrix of sedimentary rocks of flysch facies and mafic volcanic intercalations and blocks
of limestones more than 20 km in length in some areas. The limestone blocks and megablocks were incorporated during the sedimentation
of the matrix and, as a result, various soft sediment deformations and chaotic contact relations were formed around
them. The generalized stratigraphy of the megablocks, constructed from measured incomplete sections, is similar to the stratigraphy
of the Karaburun carbonate succession. Besides that, lithological and paleontological correlations show that the blocks are
broken parts of the Karaburun succession. In the Karaburun peninsula, the Upper Cretaceous lies with an angular unconformity,
on the Triassic-Lower Cretaceous comprehensive carbonate succession, around Balıklıova village. Besides this, at two more locations,
one near the villages of Karaburun and the other near Urla where the peninsula join Anatolia, caotic rocks similar to the
Bornova melange are observed. At these last two locations, the contact relations between the Karaburun carbonate succession and
those of the caotic rocks are similar to those seen around the megablocks of the Bornova melange, and can not be explained
easily with normal stratigraphic concepts. It shows all the evidences indicative of the Karaburun succession had moved into the
flysch depositing still soft sedimentary environment. Various data collected are all in agreement with the idea that the Karaburun
carbonate succession was evolved as a platform of the Izmir-Ankara zone and it was tectonically transported during the flysch
deposition as nappes. As the nappes moved into the Izmir-Ankara zone, broken large silices formed the megablocks, whereas, the
Karaburun carbonate belt an allochthonous pack of nappes or the toe of the nappes itself.

Keywords

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