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Jewish Commentator Rashi and his Conception of Interpretation

Year 2024, Issue: 8, 174 - 193, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.59932/burdurilahiyat.1476367

Abstract

Rabbi Shlomo ben Yitshak, also known as Rashi (d. 1105), is unquestionably the first name that comes to mind when we consider the Ashkenazic Jewish exegetical tradition. With his commentaries on the Tanakh and Talmud, Rashi succeeded in shaping the Jewish perception of scripture and interpretation for over 900 years. Despite the fact that three-quarters of his commentaries are midrashic (derash), Rashi is recognized as one of the most important representatives of the literal method of peshat. Although it is not easy to define Rashi's method of exegesis, in general terms, it is possible to interpret his exegetical methodology as an attempt to reconcile derash with peshat. Rashi's exegesis was accepted as authoritative by Ashkenazic communities due to its midrashic character and by Sephardic Jews known for their rationalist tendencies due to its examples of literal interpretation. While Rashi's commentary on the Torah was initially a work that aimed to explain the Torah, in time it transformed into a canonical text that required explanation. For this reason, Rashi is considered the “excellent interpreter of the Law” (Parshandata), and his Torah commentary has been the subject of more than 200 supercommentaries and countless monographs to date. Rashi’s commentary was the first work to appear in the Hebrew printing press (1469, 1475), as well as the first commentary printed with the Masoretic text in the first Hebrew edition of the Torah (1482) and the first complete edition of the Tanakh, the Mikraot Gedolot (1515-1517). The first complete edition of the Babylonian Talmud (1520-1523) was also printed together with Rashi's commentary on the Talmud. In addition to the Mishnah and Gemara, Rashi's Talmudic commentary is the only comprehensive commentary included in all printed copies of the Talmud. It is taught in conjunction with the Torah in nearly every yeshiva. The Heder Humash is taught with Rashi's commentaries on the Torah, while the Heder Gemara is taught with Rashi's commentary on the Talmud. Rashi is therefore a highly regarded and widely utilized commentator on scripture, known to every Jew who has received religious education. For centuries, Jews have engaged in weekly perasha readings with Rashi’s commentary. Rashi's hymns and prayers (selihot) are also recited in synagogue worship even today. Consequently, the comments and perspectives of a French rabbi who lived in the 11th century have become the legacy of the Jewish people. This article discussed Rashi's understanding of exegesis and its impact on Jewish religious thought.

References

  • Agus, Irving Abraham. “Rashi and His School”. The World History of the Jewish People. Vol. XI (11): The Dark Ages. ed. Cecil Roth. 210-248. Israel: Rutgers University Press, 1966.
  • Attali, Jacques. Yahudiler, Dünya ve Para: Yahudi Halkının Ekonomik Tarihi. çev. Berna Günen. İstanbul: Kırmızı Kedi Yayınevi, 2017.
  • Baron, Salo Wittmayer. A Social and Religious History of the Jews. New York: Columbia University Press, Second Edition., 1937.
  • Bergman, Bernard. “Rashi as Commentator”. Tradition 1/1 (1958), 104-116.
  • Berliner, Abraham, Rashi. Raschi der Kommentar des Salomo B. Isak über den Pentateuch. Frankfurt: Kauffmann, 1905.
  • Bloch, Isaac. “Gershom ben Yudah”. The Jewish Encyclopedia (JE). ed. Isidore Singer - Cyrus Adler. 5/638-639. New York & London: Funk and Wagnalls Company, 1904.
  • Blondheim, D. S. “Tentative List of Extant Manuscripts of Rashi’s Talmudical Commentaries”. The Jewish Quarterly Review 8/1 (1917), 55-60.
  • Blumenfield, Samuel M. Master of Troyes: A Study of Rashi, the Educator. New York: Behrman House, 1946.
  • R. Salomonis Jarchi Commentarius Hebraicus In Pentateuchum Mosis. çev. Friedrich Breithaupt. Typis Reyherianis, 1710.
  • Chazan, Robert. European Jewry and the First Crusade. University of California Press, 1987.
  • Chazan, Robert. God, Humanity, and History: The Hebrew First Crusade Narratives. Berkeley & London: University of California Press, 2000.
  • Chones, Simon Moses. Toldot HaPoskim. Warsaw, 1910.
  • Coffman, Aryeh. La Torá con Rashi: el Pentateuco con el comentario de Rabi Shelomo Itzjaki (Rashí). 5 Cilt. Editorial Jerusalem de México, 2001.
  • Cohen, Mordechai Z. Rashi, Biblical Interpretation, and Latin Learning in Medieval Europe: A New Perspective on an Exegetical Revolution. Cambridge University Press, 2021.
  • Darmesteter, Arsène. “Les Gloses françaises de Raschi dans la Bible”. Revue des Études Juives 53/106 (1907), 161-193.
  • Darmesteter, Arsene - Blondheim, David Simon A. Les Gloses Françaises dans les Commentaires Talmudiques de Raschi. Paris, 1929.
  • Eidelberg, Shlomo - Derovan, David. “Gershom Ben Yudah Me’or Ha-Golah”. Encyclopaedia Judaica (EJ) (Second). ed. Fred Skolnik - Michael Berenbaum. 7/551-552. Detroit: Thomson & Gale, 2007.
  • Eisenstat, Yedida Chaya. Rashi’s Midrashic Anthology: The Torah Commentary Re-Examined. Ann Arbor, United States, Ph.D., 2014.
  • Englander, Henry. “A Commentary on Rashi’s Grammatical Comments”. Hebrew Union College Annual 17 (1942), 427-498.
  • Englander, Henry. “Grammatical Elements and Terminology in Rashi’s Biblical Commentaries: Introduction”. Hebrew Union College Annual 14 (1939), 387-429.
  • Fraenkel, Jona. “Rashi (Commentary to the Babylonian Talmud)”. Encyclopedia Judaica (EJ) (Second). ed. Fred Skolnik - Michael Berenbaum. 17/104-105. Detroit: Thomson & Gale, 2007.
  • Freimann, Aron. “Manuscript Supercommentaries on Rashi’s Commentary on the Pentateuch”. Rashi Anniversary Volume. ed. H. L. Ginsberg. 73-114. New York: American Academy for Jewish Research, 1941.
  • Gelles, Benjamin J. Peshat and Derash in the Exegesis of Rashi. Leiden: Brill, 1981.
  • Grossman, Avraham. Rashi. çev. Joel A. Linsider. Oxford: The Littman Library Of Jewish Civilization, 2012.
  • Gruber, Mayer I. Rashi’s Commentary on Psalms. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2007.
  • Grunhaus, Naomi. “The Dependence of Rabbi David Kimhi (Radak) on Rashi in His Quotation of Midrashic Traditions”. Jewish Quarterly Review 93/3-4 (2003), 415-430.
  • Haberman, Abraham Meir. Piyutey Raşi. Jerusalem: Schocken, 1940.
  • Hailperin, Herman. Rashi and The Christian Scholars. Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1963.
  • Rabbi Salomo Jarchi’s ausführlicher Commentar über den Pentateuch. çev. L. Haymann. Bonn: L. Habicht, 1833.
  • Hayyim, Jacob ben (ed.). The Second Rabbinic Bible (Mikraot Gedolot). Venice: Daniel Bomberg, 1524.
  • Heller, Marvin J. “Earliest Printings of the Talmud”. Printing the Talmud: From Bomberg To Schottenstein. ed. Sharon Liberman Mintz - Gabriel M. Goldstein. 61-78. New York: Yeshiva University Press, 2006.
  • Heller, Marvin J. Further Studies in the Making of the Early Hebrew Book. Leiden: Brill, 2013.
  • Kamin, Sarah. “Affinities Between Jewish and Christian Exegesis in Twelfth Century Northern France”. Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies 9 (1985), 141-155.
  • Kamin, Sarah. “Rashi’s Exegetical Categorization with Respect to the Distinction between Peshat and Derash”. Immanuel 11 (1980), 16-32.
  • Krieger, Pinchas. Parşan-Data: Raşimat ha-Piruşim le-Piruş Raşi al ha-Torah. 2 Cilt. Monsey, 2005.
  • Lawee, Eric. Rashi’s Commentary on the Torah: Canonization and Resistance in the Reception of a Jewish Classic. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
  • Leibowitz, Nehama. “Rashi’s Criteria for Citing Midrashim”. Torah Insights. 101-142. Jerusalem: The Joint Authority for Jewish Zionist Education, 1995.
  • Levy, B. Barry. “Rabbinic Bibles, ‘Mikra’ot Gedolot’, and Other Great Books”. Tradition 25/4 (1991), 65-81.
  • Levy, B. Barry. “Rashi’s Commentary on the Torah: A Survey of Recent Publications”. Tradition 23/4 (1988), 102-116.
  • Liber, Maurice. Rashi. çev. Adele Szold. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1906.
  • Lockshin, Martin I. Rabbi Samuel Ben Meir’s Commentary on Genesis: An Annotated Translation. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press, 1989.
  • Marx, Alexander. “The Life and Work of Rashi”. Rashi Anniversary Volume. ed. H. L. Ginsberg. 9-30. New York: American Academy for Jewish Research, 1941.
  • Marx, Moses. “On the Date of Appearance of the First Printed Hebrew Books”. Alexander Marx: Jubilee Volume. ed. Saul Lieberman. 1/481-636. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1950.
  • Max, Schloessinger. “Rashi, His Life and His Work”. Year Book of the Central Conference of American Rabbis. ed. Adolf Guttmacher. 15/223-245. Baltimore: Lord Baltimore Press, 1905.
  • Meral, Yasin. İbrahim Müteferrika Öncesi İstanbul’da Yahudi Matbuatı. İstanbul: Divan Kitap, 2016.
  • Mintz, Adam. “The Talmud in Translation”. Printing the Talmud: From Bomberg To Schottenstein. ed. Sharon Liberman Mintz - Gabriel M. Goldstein. 121-142. New York: Yeshiva University Press, 2006.
  • Nederlandsche vertaling van den Pentateuch: benevens eene Nederlandsche verklarende vertaling van Rashie’s Pentateuch commentar. çev. Abraham Samson Onderwijzer. Amsterdam: Van Creveld & Company, 1895.
  • Pearl, Chaim. Rashi. London: Peter Halban, 1988.
  • Penkower, Jordan S. “The End of Rashi’s Commentary on Job. The Manuscripts and the Printed Editions (with three appendices)”. Jewish Studies Quarterly 10/1 (2003), 18-48.
  • Ramban. Perush ha-Ramban (Genesis). çev. Yaakov Blinder - Yosef Kamenetzky. 7 Cilt. Brooklyn, New York: Mesorah Publications, 2004.
  • Rosenthal, A. “Talmud Editions of Daniel Bomberg”. Talmud Editions of Daniel Bomberg. Leiden: Brill, 1999.
  • Rosenthal, Erwin I. J. - Guppy, Henry. “Rashi and the English Bible”. Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 24/1 (1940), 138-167.
  • Rothkoff, Aaron. “Rashi (His Life)”. Encyclopedia Judaica (EJ) (Second). ed. Fred Skolnik - Michael Berenbaum. 17/101-102. Detroit: Thomson & Gale, 2007.
  • Rubin, Rehav. Portraying the Land: Hebrew Maps of the Land of Israel from Rashi to the Early 20th Century. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2018.
  • Schmelzer, Menahem. “Hebrew Manuscripts and Printed Books Among the Sephardim Before and After the Expulsion”. Crisis and Creativity in the Sephardic World: 1391-1648. ed. Benjamin R. Gampel. 256-266, 380-384. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
  • Shereshevsky, Esra. Rashi: The Man and His World. New York: Sepher-Hermon Press, 1982.
  • Smith, Catherine Delano - Gruber, Mayer I. “Rashi’s (Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac) Legacy: Maps of the Holy Land”. Map Collector 59 (1992), 30-35.
  • Soloveitchik, Haym. “Catastrophe and Halakhic Creativity: Ashkenaz: 1096, 1242, 1306 and 1298”. Jewish History 12/1 (1998), 71-85.
  • Toledano, Jacob Moses. Apiryon. Jerusalem, 1905.
  • Topşir, Mustafa. “Taamim Sembolleri ve Melodik Olarak İfade Edilmeleri”. İDİL 12/103 (2023), 373-400.
  • Touito, Elazar. “Rashi’s Commentary on Genesis 1—6 in the Context of Judeo-Christian Controversy”. Hebrew Union College Annual 61 (1990), 159-183.
  • Urbach, Ephraim E. “How Did Rashi Merit the Title Parshandata?” Rashi 1040-1990: Hommage a Ephraim E. Urbach. ed. Gabrielle Sed-Rajna. 387-398. Paris: Cerf, 1993.
  • Van der Heide, Albert. “Rashi’s Biblical Exegesis”. Bibliotheca Orientalis 41 (1984), 292-318.
  • Viezel, Eran. “The Secret of the Popularity of Rashi’s Commentary on the Torah”. Review of Rabbinic Judaism 17/2 (13 Ağustos 2014), 207-217.
  • Werner, Eric. “Trop and Tropus: Etymology and History”. Hebrew Union College Annual 46 (1975), 289-296.
  • Williams, Benjamin. “Glossa Ordinaria and Glossa Hebraica Midrash in Rashi and the Gloss”. Traditio 71 (2016), 179-201.
  • Yisraeli, Yosi. “A Christianized Sephardic Critique of Rashi’s ‘Peshaţ’ in Pablo de Santa María’s "Additiones Ad Postillam Nicolai de Lyra”. Medieval Exegesis and Religious Difference. ed. Ryan Szpiech. 128-141. New York: Fordham University Press, 2015.
  • YItzchaki, David (ed.). Тора с комментариями Раши (Бeрейшит - Дварим). çev. Alexander Feigin vd. Moskova: Knizhniki, 2007.
  • Zeitlin, Solomon. “Rashi [Rabbi Solomon of France]”. American Jewish Committee 41 (1939), 111-140.

Yahudi Müfessir Raşi ve Tefsir Anlayışı

Year 2024, Issue: 8, 174 - 193, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.59932/burdurilahiyat.1476367

Abstract

Aşkenaz Yahudi tefsir geleneği denildiğinde akla ilk gelen isim kuşkusuz Rabbi Şlomo ben Yitshak, diğer adıyla Raşi’dir (ö. 1105). Tanah ve Talmud’a yazdığı tefsirlerle Raşi, 900 yılı aşkın bir süredir Yahudilerin kutsal kitap ve yorum algısını şekillendirmeyi başarmıştır. Tefsirlerinin dörtte üçü midraşik (deraş) olmasına karşın, Raşi, literal yorum metodu peşat’ın önemli temsilcilerinden biri olarak kabul görmektedir. Raşi’nin tefsir metodunu tanımlamak kolay olmasa da genel anlamda onun tefsir metodolojisini deraş’ı peşat’la uzlaştırması çabası olarak yorumlamak mümkündür. Raşi’nin tefsiri; midraşik karakterli oluşuyla Aşkenaz cemaatleri, literal yorum örnekleriyle de rasyonalist eğilimleriyle bilinen Sefarad Yahudileri tarafından muteber kabul edilmiştir. Tefsir, başlangıçta Tevrat’ı açıklamayı hedefleyen bir eser iken, zamanla açıklanması gereken bir kanonik metne dönüşmüştür. Bu nedenle Raşi “Yasa’nın mükemmel yorumcusu” (Parşandata) olarak kabul edilirken, tefsiri de bugüne kadar 200’den fazla şerhe ve sayısız monografiye konu olmuştur. Raşi’nin Tevrat tefsiri İbrani matbaasından çıkan ilk eser (1469, 1475) olduğu gibi Tevrat’ın İbranice ilk baskısı (1482) ile Tanah’ın ilk tam edisyonu Mikraot Gedolot’ta (1515-1517) Masoretik metinle birlikte basılan ilk yorum olma özelliğine sahiptir. Babil Talmudu’nun ilk tam edisyonu (1520-1523) da yine Raşi'nin Talmud şerhi ise ile birlikte basılmıştır. Mişna ve Gemara ile birlikte Talmud’un bütün matbu nüshalarında yer alan tek bütüncül şerh, Raşi’nin şerhidir. Tevrat’ın Raşi’nin tefsirleriyle birlikte öğretilmediği yeşiva neredeyse yoktur. Heder Humaş, Raşi’nin Tevrat yorumlarıyla; Heder Gemara ise Raşi’nin Talmud şerhiyle okutulmaktadır. Dolayısıyla Raşi, dini eğitim alan her Yahudi tarafından bilinecek kadar saygın ve popüler bir kutsal kitap yorumcusudur. Yahudiler haftalık peraşa okumalarını yüzyıllardır Raşi’nin yorumları eşliğinde icra ederken, yazdığı ilahi/duaları (selihot) ise sinagog ibadetlerinde bugün hala okumaktadırlar. Böylece 11. yüzyılda yaşamış bir Fransız rabbinin yorum ve görüşleri Yahudilerin mirası haline gelmiştir. Makalemizde Raşi’nin tefsir anlayışı ve Yahudi dini düşüncesine etkisi ele alınmaktadır.

References

  • Agus, Irving Abraham. “Rashi and His School”. The World History of the Jewish People. Vol. XI (11): The Dark Ages. ed. Cecil Roth. 210-248. Israel: Rutgers University Press, 1966.
  • Attali, Jacques. Yahudiler, Dünya ve Para: Yahudi Halkının Ekonomik Tarihi. çev. Berna Günen. İstanbul: Kırmızı Kedi Yayınevi, 2017.
  • Baron, Salo Wittmayer. A Social and Religious History of the Jews. New York: Columbia University Press, Second Edition., 1937.
  • Bergman, Bernard. “Rashi as Commentator”. Tradition 1/1 (1958), 104-116.
  • Berliner, Abraham, Rashi. Raschi der Kommentar des Salomo B. Isak über den Pentateuch. Frankfurt: Kauffmann, 1905.
  • Bloch, Isaac. “Gershom ben Yudah”. The Jewish Encyclopedia (JE). ed. Isidore Singer - Cyrus Adler. 5/638-639. New York & London: Funk and Wagnalls Company, 1904.
  • Blondheim, D. S. “Tentative List of Extant Manuscripts of Rashi’s Talmudical Commentaries”. The Jewish Quarterly Review 8/1 (1917), 55-60.
  • Blumenfield, Samuel M. Master of Troyes: A Study of Rashi, the Educator. New York: Behrman House, 1946.
  • R. Salomonis Jarchi Commentarius Hebraicus In Pentateuchum Mosis. çev. Friedrich Breithaupt. Typis Reyherianis, 1710.
  • Chazan, Robert. European Jewry and the First Crusade. University of California Press, 1987.
  • Chazan, Robert. God, Humanity, and History: The Hebrew First Crusade Narratives. Berkeley & London: University of California Press, 2000.
  • Chones, Simon Moses. Toldot HaPoskim. Warsaw, 1910.
  • Coffman, Aryeh. La Torá con Rashi: el Pentateuco con el comentario de Rabi Shelomo Itzjaki (Rashí). 5 Cilt. Editorial Jerusalem de México, 2001.
  • Cohen, Mordechai Z. Rashi, Biblical Interpretation, and Latin Learning in Medieval Europe: A New Perspective on an Exegetical Revolution. Cambridge University Press, 2021.
  • Darmesteter, Arsène. “Les Gloses françaises de Raschi dans la Bible”. Revue des Études Juives 53/106 (1907), 161-193.
  • Darmesteter, Arsene - Blondheim, David Simon A. Les Gloses Françaises dans les Commentaires Talmudiques de Raschi. Paris, 1929.
  • Eidelberg, Shlomo - Derovan, David. “Gershom Ben Yudah Me’or Ha-Golah”. Encyclopaedia Judaica (EJ) (Second). ed. Fred Skolnik - Michael Berenbaum. 7/551-552. Detroit: Thomson & Gale, 2007.
  • Eisenstat, Yedida Chaya. Rashi’s Midrashic Anthology: The Torah Commentary Re-Examined. Ann Arbor, United States, Ph.D., 2014.
  • Englander, Henry. “A Commentary on Rashi’s Grammatical Comments”. Hebrew Union College Annual 17 (1942), 427-498.
  • Englander, Henry. “Grammatical Elements and Terminology in Rashi’s Biblical Commentaries: Introduction”. Hebrew Union College Annual 14 (1939), 387-429.
  • Fraenkel, Jona. “Rashi (Commentary to the Babylonian Talmud)”. Encyclopedia Judaica (EJ) (Second). ed. Fred Skolnik - Michael Berenbaum. 17/104-105. Detroit: Thomson & Gale, 2007.
  • Freimann, Aron. “Manuscript Supercommentaries on Rashi’s Commentary on the Pentateuch”. Rashi Anniversary Volume. ed. H. L. Ginsberg. 73-114. New York: American Academy for Jewish Research, 1941.
  • Gelles, Benjamin J. Peshat and Derash in the Exegesis of Rashi. Leiden: Brill, 1981.
  • Grossman, Avraham. Rashi. çev. Joel A. Linsider. Oxford: The Littman Library Of Jewish Civilization, 2012.
  • Gruber, Mayer I. Rashi’s Commentary on Psalms. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2007.
  • Grunhaus, Naomi. “The Dependence of Rabbi David Kimhi (Radak) on Rashi in His Quotation of Midrashic Traditions”. Jewish Quarterly Review 93/3-4 (2003), 415-430.
  • Haberman, Abraham Meir. Piyutey Raşi. Jerusalem: Schocken, 1940.
  • Hailperin, Herman. Rashi and The Christian Scholars. Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1963.
  • Rabbi Salomo Jarchi’s ausführlicher Commentar über den Pentateuch. çev. L. Haymann. Bonn: L. Habicht, 1833.
  • Hayyim, Jacob ben (ed.). The Second Rabbinic Bible (Mikraot Gedolot). Venice: Daniel Bomberg, 1524.
  • Heller, Marvin J. “Earliest Printings of the Talmud”. Printing the Talmud: From Bomberg To Schottenstein. ed. Sharon Liberman Mintz - Gabriel M. Goldstein. 61-78. New York: Yeshiva University Press, 2006.
  • Heller, Marvin J. Further Studies in the Making of the Early Hebrew Book. Leiden: Brill, 2013.
  • Kamin, Sarah. “Affinities Between Jewish and Christian Exegesis in Twelfth Century Northern France”. Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies 9 (1985), 141-155.
  • Kamin, Sarah. “Rashi’s Exegetical Categorization with Respect to the Distinction between Peshat and Derash”. Immanuel 11 (1980), 16-32.
  • Krieger, Pinchas. Parşan-Data: Raşimat ha-Piruşim le-Piruş Raşi al ha-Torah. 2 Cilt. Monsey, 2005.
  • Lawee, Eric. Rashi’s Commentary on the Torah: Canonization and Resistance in the Reception of a Jewish Classic. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
  • Leibowitz, Nehama. “Rashi’s Criteria for Citing Midrashim”. Torah Insights. 101-142. Jerusalem: The Joint Authority for Jewish Zionist Education, 1995.
  • Levy, B. Barry. “Rabbinic Bibles, ‘Mikra’ot Gedolot’, and Other Great Books”. Tradition 25/4 (1991), 65-81.
  • Levy, B. Barry. “Rashi’s Commentary on the Torah: A Survey of Recent Publications”. Tradition 23/4 (1988), 102-116.
  • Liber, Maurice. Rashi. çev. Adele Szold. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1906.
  • Lockshin, Martin I. Rabbi Samuel Ben Meir’s Commentary on Genesis: An Annotated Translation. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press, 1989.
  • Marx, Alexander. “The Life and Work of Rashi”. Rashi Anniversary Volume. ed. H. L. Ginsberg. 9-30. New York: American Academy for Jewish Research, 1941.
  • Marx, Moses. “On the Date of Appearance of the First Printed Hebrew Books”. Alexander Marx: Jubilee Volume. ed. Saul Lieberman. 1/481-636. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1950.
  • Max, Schloessinger. “Rashi, His Life and His Work”. Year Book of the Central Conference of American Rabbis. ed. Adolf Guttmacher. 15/223-245. Baltimore: Lord Baltimore Press, 1905.
  • Meral, Yasin. İbrahim Müteferrika Öncesi İstanbul’da Yahudi Matbuatı. İstanbul: Divan Kitap, 2016.
  • Mintz, Adam. “The Talmud in Translation”. Printing the Talmud: From Bomberg To Schottenstein. ed. Sharon Liberman Mintz - Gabriel M. Goldstein. 121-142. New York: Yeshiva University Press, 2006.
  • Nederlandsche vertaling van den Pentateuch: benevens eene Nederlandsche verklarende vertaling van Rashie’s Pentateuch commentar. çev. Abraham Samson Onderwijzer. Amsterdam: Van Creveld & Company, 1895.
  • Pearl, Chaim. Rashi. London: Peter Halban, 1988.
  • Penkower, Jordan S. “The End of Rashi’s Commentary on Job. The Manuscripts and the Printed Editions (with three appendices)”. Jewish Studies Quarterly 10/1 (2003), 18-48.
  • Ramban. Perush ha-Ramban (Genesis). çev. Yaakov Blinder - Yosef Kamenetzky. 7 Cilt. Brooklyn, New York: Mesorah Publications, 2004.
  • Rosenthal, A. “Talmud Editions of Daniel Bomberg”. Talmud Editions of Daniel Bomberg. Leiden: Brill, 1999.
  • Rosenthal, Erwin I. J. - Guppy, Henry. “Rashi and the English Bible”. Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 24/1 (1940), 138-167.
  • Rothkoff, Aaron. “Rashi (His Life)”. Encyclopedia Judaica (EJ) (Second). ed. Fred Skolnik - Michael Berenbaum. 17/101-102. Detroit: Thomson & Gale, 2007.
  • Rubin, Rehav. Portraying the Land: Hebrew Maps of the Land of Israel from Rashi to the Early 20th Century. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2018.
  • Schmelzer, Menahem. “Hebrew Manuscripts and Printed Books Among the Sephardim Before and After the Expulsion”. Crisis and Creativity in the Sephardic World: 1391-1648. ed. Benjamin R. Gampel. 256-266, 380-384. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
  • Shereshevsky, Esra. Rashi: The Man and His World. New York: Sepher-Hermon Press, 1982.
  • Smith, Catherine Delano - Gruber, Mayer I. “Rashi’s (Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac) Legacy: Maps of the Holy Land”. Map Collector 59 (1992), 30-35.
  • Soloveitchik, Haym. “Catastrophe and Halakhic Creativity: Ashkenaz: 1096, 1242, 1306 and 1298”. Jewish History 12/1 (1998), 71-85.
  • Toledano, Jacob Moses. Apiryon. Jerusalem, 1905.
  • Topşir, Mustafa. “Taamim Sembolleri ve Melodik Olarak İfade Edilmeleri”. İDİL 12/103 (2023), 373-400.
  • Touito, Elazar. “Rashi’s Commentary on Genesis 1—6 in the Context of Judeo-Christian Controversy”. Hebrew Union College Annual 61 (1990), 159-183.
  • Urbach, Ephraim E. “How Did Rashi Merit the Title Parshandata?” Rashi 1040-1990: Hommage a Ephraim E. Urbach. ed. Gabrielle Sed-Rajna. 387-398. Paris: Cerf, 1993.
  • Van der Heide, Albert. “Rashi’s Biblical Exegesis”. Bibliotheca Orientalis 41 (1984), 292-318.
  • Viezel, Eran. “The Secret of the Popularity of Rashi’s Commentary on the Torah”. Review of Rabbinic Judaism 17/2 (13 Ağustos 2014), 207-217.
  • Werner, Eric. “Trop and Tropus: Etymology and History”. Hebrew Union College Annual 46 (1975), 289-296.
  • Williams, Benjamin. “Glossa Ordinaria and Glossa Hebraica Midrash in Rashi and the Gloss”. Traditio 71 (2016), 179-201.
  • Yisraeli, Yosi. “A Christianized Sephardic Critique of Rashi’s ‘Peshaţ’ in Pablo de Santa María’s "Additiones Ad Postillam Nicolai de Lyra”. Medieval Exegesis and Religious Difference. ed. Ryan Szpiech. 128-141. New York: Fordham University Press, 2015.
  • YItzchaki, David (ed.). Тора с комментариями Раши (Бeрейшит - Дварим). çev. Alexander Feigin vd. Moskova: Knizhniki, 2007.
  • Zeitlin, Solomon. “Rashi [Rabbi Solomon of France]”. American Jewish Committee 41 (1939), 111-140.
There are 69 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Jewish Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ömer Faruk Yıkar 0000-0002-3872-4157

İsmail Taşpınar 0000-0003-4427-6829

Publication Date June 28, 2024
Submission Date April 30, 2024
Acceptance Date June 25, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 8

Cite

ISNAD Yıkar, Ömer Faruk - Taşpınar, İsmail. “Yahudi Müfessir Raşi Ve Tefsir Anlayışı”. Burdur İlahiyat Dergisi 8 (June 2024), 174-193. https://doi.org/10.59932/burdurilahiyat.1476367.