Research Article

LIMINAL SETTINGS AND CHARACTERS IN E.M. FORSTER’S A PASSAGE TO INDIA

Number: 25 April 30, 2023
EN TR

LIMINAL SETTINGS AND CHARACTERS IN E.M. FORSTER’S A PASSAGE TO INDIA

Abstract

A vast number of people moved from rural to urban regions in the latter part of the nineteenth century as a result of the effects of industrialization and urbanization, which in turn led to the collapse of the pre-industrial lifestyle and economy. Conflicts on an emotional and intellectual level were also fostered by the decline of the old systems and constraints, as well as the structured and organized way of life pertaining to the pre-industrial era. Many novelists of this transitional period, such as Rudyard Kipling, Thomas Hardy, George Gissing, Joseph Conrad, D. H. Lawrence, and E. M. Forster, questioned the social, economic, political, religious, moral, cultural, and artistic institutions along with their established conventions. However, Forster, looking beyond the national boundaries, used references to other cultures, religions, alien settings, bi-national characters, and diverse traditions after traveling particularly to Italy and India. Forster’s two visits to India, one in 1912 and the other in 1921, gave him an experiential knowledge of the country. In his discursively complex international novel, A Passage to India (1924), besides religious and socioeconomic differences, Forster uncovers significant cultural problems that can be observed in India’s arbitrary imposition of a corrupted imperial system. In the novel, Forster explores the chronotopic cartographies of India and England in terms of their similarity and difference using individuals, mores, and settings. Thus, this paper aims to analyze how the theme of the East/West dichotomy in Forster’s A Passage to India creates liminal spaces and characters discussing the false perception of India by the British.

Keywords

References

  1. Ashcroft, B., Tiffin, H., & Griffiths, G. (Eds.) (2005). The post-colonial studies reader (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  2. Bakhtin, M.M. (1981). Discourse in the novel. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  3. Bhabha, Homi. (1994). The location of culture. Routledge, New York, Print.
  4. Brown. E.K. (1950). Rhythm in the novel, University of Toronto Press.
  5. Forster, E.M. (1983). Three countries. The Hill of Devi and Other Indian Writings. London: Edward Arnold, Abinger ed.
  6. Forster, E. M. (2005). A passage to India (P. Mishra, Ed.). Penguin Classics.
  7. Griffiths, G., and David M. (1989). Of marx and missionaries: Soyinka and the survival of universalism. Post-Colonial Literary Theory. Kunapipi. 11.1 74-84.
  8. Hall, S. (1998). Cultural identity and diaspora. In: Rutherford J. (Ed) Identity: Community, Culture, Difference. London, Lawrence & Wishart, 222-237.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Creative Arts and Writing

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

April 29, 2023

Publication Date

April 30, 2023

Submission Date

May 12, 2022

Acceptance Date

April 27, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Number: 25

APA
Özün, Ş. (2023). LIMINAL SETTINGS AND CHARACTERS IN E.M. FORSTER’S A PASSAGE TO INDIA. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25, 356-364. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.1116066
AMA
1.Özün Ş. LIMINAL SETTINGS AND CHARACTERS IN E.M. FORSTER’S A PASSAGE TO INDIA. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2023;(25):356-364. doi:10.29029/busbed.1116066
Chicago
Özün, Şule. 2023. “LIMINAL SETTINGS AND CHARACTERS IN E.M. FORSTER’S A PASSAGE TO INDIA”. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, nos. 25: 356-64. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.1116066.
EndNote
Özün Ş (April 1, 2023) LIMINAL SETTINGS AND CHARACTERS IN E.M. FORSTER’S A PASSAGE TO INDIA. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 25 356–364.
IEEE
[1]Ş. Özün, “LIMINAL SETTINGS AND CHARACTERS IN E.M. FORSTER’S A PASSAGE TO INDIA”, Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 25, pp. 356–364, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.29029/busbed.1116066.
ISNAD
Özün, Şule. “LIMINAL SETTINGS AND CHARACTERS IN E.M. FORSTER’S A PASSAGE TO INDIA”. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 25 (April 1, 2023): 356-364. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.1116066.
JAMA
1.Özün Ş. LIMINAL SETTINGS AND CHARACTERS IN E.M. FORSTER’S A PASSAGE TO INDIA. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2023;:356–364.
MLA
Özün, Şule. “LIMINAL SETTINGS AND CHARACTERS IN E.M. FORSTER’S A PASSAGE TO INDIA”. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 25, Apr. 2023, pp. 356-64, doi:10.29029/busbed.1116066.
Vancouver
1.Şule Özün. LIMINAL SETTINGS AND CHARACTERS IN E.M. FORSTER’S A PASSAGE TO INDIA. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2023 Apr. 1;(25):356-64. doi:10.29029/busbed.1116066