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Vücut Kompozisyonun Belirlenmesi ve Çok Bileşenli Modeller

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 31 - 49, 30.04.2021

Abstract

Fiziksel uygunluk parametrelerinden biri olan vücut kompozisyonun belirlenmesi, klinik sağlık ve sportif performans ile ilgilenen araştırmacıların başlıca konularından biri olmuştur. Özellikle klinik sağlık uygulamalarında ve egzersiz etkisinin belirlenmesinde vücut kompozisyonunun detaylı bir şekilde ölçme ve değerlendirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Vücut kompozisyonunun ölçülmesinde, genellikle vücudu oluşturan yağ kütle ve yağsız vücut kütle (2-Bileşen modeli) bileşenlerinin ölçülmesi tercih edilmektedir.
Bununla birlikte yağsız vücut kütlesini oluşturan kas, su ve kemik kütlesi gibi bileşenlerin de ölçülmesiyle çok bileşenli modellerinin kullanıldığı gözlenmektedir. Çok bileşenli modellerde ölçülen değişkenlerin doğrudan referans yöntemlerle belirlenmesi, uygulama prosedürlerinin zorluğu, ölçüm tekniği maliyetinin yüksekliği ve yönteme özel eğitim almış uzman gereksinimi nedeniyle antropometrik ölçümler ya da biyoelektrik impedans analizi gibi dolaylı yöntemlerin kullanılmasına neden olmaktadır. Ek olarak çok bileşenli modellerde referans yöntemlerle belirlenen yağ, kas, su ve kemik kütle içerik ve miktarlarını dikkate alan popülasyona özel regresyon formüllerinin geliştirilmesi bireyler arası farklılıkların dikkate alınmasını sağlanmaktadır. Bu derlemede, vücut kompozisyonunun belirlenmesinde kullanılan yöntemler ve regresyon formüllerinin; sağlık risklerinin tanımlanmasında, beslenme ve diyet uygulamalarının takibinde
ve spor bilimlerinde kullanımı tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca, vücut kompozisyonunun belirlenmesinde yöntemlerin kullanımı ve çok bileşenli modeller hakkında bilgiler özetlenmiştir.

References

  • Bosy‐Westphal, A. ve Müller, M. J. (2021). Diagnosis of obesity based on body composition‐associated health risks-Time for a change in paradigm. Obesity Reviews, e13190. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13190
  • Brožek, J., Grande, F., Anderson, J. T., ve Keys, A. (1963). Densitometric analysis of body composition:revision of some quantitative assumptions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 110 (1), 113-140.
  • Chen, Y. T., Hsieh, Y. Y., Ho, J. Y., Lin, T. Y., ve Lin, J. C. (2021). Two weeks of detraining reduces cardiopulmonary function and muscular fitness in endurance athletes. European Journal of Sport Science, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1880647
  • Dos Santos, M. A., Henrique, R. S., Salvina, M., Silva, A. H. O., Junior, M. A. D. V., Queiroz, D. R., ... ve Nevill, A. M. (2021). The influence of anthropometric variables, body composition, propulsive forceand maturation on 50m freestyle swimming performance in junior swimmers: An allometric approach. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1891685 de Morais, N. D. S., Miranda, V. P. N., Ribeiro, S. A. V., Pereira, P. F., de Souza, E. C. G., Franceschini,
  • S. D. C. C., ve Priore, S. E. (2021). Predictive capacity and cutoff points of adiposity indices for body fat prediction according to adolescent periods. British Journal of Nutrition, 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521000398
  • Fields, D.A. ve Goran, M.I. (2000). Body composition techniques and the four-compartment model in children. Journal of Applied Physiology, 89 (2), 613-20.
  • Guo, S., Roche, A.F., Chumblea, W.C., Miles, D.S., ve Pohlman, R.L. (1987). Body composition predictions from bioelectric impedance. Human Biology, 59, 221-233.
  • Hazır T. ve Açıkada C. (2002). Vücut Kompozisyonunun Değerlendirilmesinde Biyoelektrik İmpedans Analizinin Güvenirliği: Karşılaştırma Çalışması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 13 (2), 2-18.
  • Hazır, T., Harbili, S., Mavili, S., Pense, M., Açıkada, C., ve Güler, D. (2003). Menstrual döngünün ve oral su alımının total vücut suyu ve vücut kompozisyonu üzerine etkisi: Biyoelektrik impedans. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 14 (4), 144-161.
  • Hazır, T., Köse, M. G., Esatbeyoğlu, F., Ekinci, Y. E., ve İşler, A. K. (2020). Yüksek şiddetli egzersizin biyoelektrik impedans yöntemi ile ölçülen vücut kompozisyonu üzerine etkisi. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 55 (2), 102-111.
  • Heyward, V. H. ve Stolarsczyk, L.M. (1996). Applied Body Composition Assessment. 4-5, USA. Human Kinetics.
  • Horswill, C. A., Lohman, T. G., Slaughter, M. H., Boileau, R. A., ve Wilmore, J. H. (1990). Estimation of minimal weight of adolescent males using multicomponent models. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 22 (4), 528-32.
  • Jackson, A. S., Pollock, M. L., ve Ward, A. N. N. (1980). Generalized equations for predicting body density of women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 12 (3), 175-81.
  • Jackson, A. S. ve Pollock, M. L. (1978). Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. British Journal of Nutrition, 40 (3), 497-04.
  • Özer, M. K. (2009). Kinantropometri: sporda morfolojik planlama. NobelKushner, R. F. D. A., Schoeller, D. A., Fjeld, C. R., ve Danford, L. (1992). Is the impedance index (ht2/R) significant in predicting total body water? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56 (5), 835-39.
  • Küçükkubaş, N. ve Korkusuz, F. (2020). Dual X-ray absorptiometry can predict total and regional body fat percentage: A comparative study with skinfold thickness and body mass index for adult women. Progress in Nutrition, 22 (3), https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v22i3.9315
  • Küçükkubaş, N., Aytar, S. H., Açıkada, C., ve Hazır, T. (2020). Bioelectric impedance analyses for young male athletes: A validation study. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 28 (1), 49-58.
  • Küçükkubaş, N. (2007). 15-17 Yaş antrenmanlı erkek ergenlerde vücut kompozisyonunun belirlenmesi. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Küçükkubaş, N., Hazir, T., ve Açıkada, C. (2006). 15-17 yaş ergen erkeklerde biyoelektrik impedans yönteminde ölçüm aralığının belirlenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17 (2), 38-47.
  • Lesinski, M., Prieske, O., Chaabene, H., ve Granacher, U. (2020). Seasonal effects of strength endurance vs. power training in young female soccer athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000003564
  • Lohman, T. G. (1981). Skinfolds and body density and their relation to body fatness: a review. Human Biology, 181-25.
  • Lohman, T. G. (1986). Applicability of body composition techniques and constants for children and youths. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 14, 325-57.
  • Malina, R. M. (1994). Physical activity and training: effects on stature and the adolescent growth spurt. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26 (6), 759-66.
  • O'Donoghue, G., Blake, C., Cunningham, C., Lennon, O., ve Perrotta, C. (2021). What exercise prescriptionis optimal to improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults living with obesity? A network meta‐analysis. Obesity Reviews, 22 (2), 1-19.
  • Poggiogalle, E., Parrinello, E., Barazzoni, R., Busetto, L., ve Donini, L. M. (2021). Therapeutic strategies for sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 24 (1), 33-41.
  • Ponti, F., Santoro, A., Mercatelli, D., Gasperini, C., Conte, M., Martucci, M., ... Bazzocchi, A. (2020). Aging and imaging assessment of body composition: from fat to facts. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10 (861),Rojo-Tirado, M. A., Benito, P. J., Ruiz, J. R., Ortega, F. B., Romero-Moraleda, B., Butragueño, J., ve
  • Gómez-Candela, C. (2021). Body composition changes after a weight loss intervention: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study. Nutrients, 13 (1), 164.
  • Schroder, J. D., Falqueto, H., Mânica, A., Zanini, D., de Oliveira, T., de Sá, C. A., ve Manfredi, L. H. (2021). Effects of time-restricted feeding in weight loss, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in obese women. Journal of Translational Medicine, 19 (1), 1-11.
  • Sinha, J., Duffull, S. B., ve Al-Sallami, H. S. (2018). A review of the methods and associated mathematical models used in the measurement of fat-free mass. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 57 (7), 781-95.
  • Siri, W. E. (1956). The gross composition of the body. Lawrence J. H. ve Cornelius A. T., (Der) In advances in biological and medical physics. 4, 239-80. London and New York, Academic Press Incorporated. Slaughter, M. H., Lohman, T. G., Boileau, R. A., Stillman, R. J., Van Loan, M., Horswill, C. A., ve Wilmore,
  • J. H. (1984). Influence of maturation on relationship of skinfolds to body density: a cross-sectional study. Human Biology, 56, 681-689. Slaughter, M. H., Lohman, T. G., Boileau, R., Horswill, C. A., Stillman, R. J., Van Loan, M. D., ve Bemben,
  • D. A. (1988). Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. Human Biology,60 (5), 709-23.
  • Toomey, C. M., Cremona, A., Hughes, K., Norton, C., ve Jakeman, P. (2015). A review of body composition measurement in the assessment of health. Topics in Clinical Nutrition, 30 (1), 16-32.
  • Valsdottir, T. D., Øvrebø, B., Falck, T. M., Litleskare, S., Johansen, E. I., Henriksen, C., ve Jensen, J. (2021). Low-carbohydrate high-fat diet and exercise: effect of a 10-week intervention on body composition and cvd risk factors in overweight and obese women—A randomized controlled trial. Nutrients, 13 (1), 1-24.
  • Wagner, D. R. ve Heyward, V. H. (1999). Techniques of body composition assessment: a review of laboratory and field methods. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 70 (2), 135-49.
  • Wang, Z., Deurenberg, P., Wang, W., Pietrobelli, A., Baumgartner, R.N., ve Heymsfield, S.B. (1999). Hydration of fat-free body mass: review and critique of a classic body-composition constant. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69 (5), 833-41.
  • Wang, Z., Pi-Sunyer, F. X., Kotler, D. P., Wielopolski, L., Withers, R. T., Pierson Jr, R. N., ve Heymsfield,
  • S. B. (2002). Multicomponent methods: evaluation of new and traditional soft tissue mineral models by in vivo neutron activation analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76 (5), 968-74.
  • Zaras, N., Stasinaki, A., Spiliopoulou, P., Mpampoulis, T., Had-jicharalambous, M., ve Terzis, G. (2021). Effect of inter-repetition rest vs. traditional strength training on lower body strength, rate of force development, and muscle architecture. Applied Sciences, 11 (1), 45
Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 31 - 49, 30.04.2021

Abstract

References

  • Bosy‐Westphal, A. ve Müller, M. J. (2021). Diagnosis of obesity based on body composition‐associated health risks-Time for a change in paradigm. Obesity Reviews, e13190. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13190
  • Brožek, J., Grande, F., Anderson, J. T., ve Keys, A. (1963). Densitometric analysis of body composition:revision of some quantitative assumptions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 110 (1), 113-140.
  • Chen, Y. T., Hsieh, Y. Y., Ho, J. Y., Lin, T. Y., ve Lin, J. C. (2021). Two weeks of detraining reduces cardiopulmonary function and muscular fitness in endurance athletes. European Journal of Sport Science, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1880647
  • Dos Santos, M. A., Henrique, R. S., Salvina, M., Silva, A. H. O., Junior, M. A. D. V., Queiroz, D. R., ... ve Nevill, A. M. (2021). The influence of anthropometric variables, body composition, propulsive forceand maturation on 50m freestyle swimming performance in junior swimmers: An allometric approach. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1891685 de Morais, N. D. S., Miranda, V. P. N., Ribeiro, S. A. V., Pereira, P. F., de Souza, E. C. G., Franceschini,
  • S. D. C. C., ve Priore, S. E. (2021). Predictive capacity and cutoff points of adiposity indices for body fat prediction according to adolescent periods. British Journal of Nutrition, 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521000398
  • Fields, D.A. ve Goran, M.I. (2000). Body composition techniques and the four-compartment model in children. Journal of Applied Physiology, 89 (2), 613-20.
  • Guo, S., Roche, A.F., Chumblea, W.C., Miles, D.S., ve Pohlman, R.L. (1987). Body composition predictions from bioelectric impedance. Human Biology, 59, 221-233.
  • Hazır T. ve Açıkada C. (2002). Vücut Kompozisyonunun Değerlendirilmesinde Biyoelektrik İmpedans Analizinin Güvenirliği: Karşılaştırma Çalışması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 13 (2), 2-18.
  • Hazır, T., Harbili, S., Mavili, S., Pense, M., Açıkada, C., ve Güler, D. (2003). Menstrual döngünün ve oral su alımının total vücut suyu ve vücut kompozisyonu üzerine etkisi: Biyoelektrik impedans. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 14 (4), 144-161.
  • Hazır, T., Köse, M. G., Esatbeyoğlu, F., Ekinci, Y. E., ve İşler, A. K. (2020). Yüksek şiddetli egzersizin biyoelektrik impedans yöntemi ile ölçülen vücut kompozisyonu üzerine etkisi. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 55 (2), 102-111.
  • Heyward, V. H. ve Stolarsczyk, L.M. (1996). Applied Body Composition Assessment. 4-5, USA. Human Kinetics.
  • Horswill, C. A., Lohman, T. G., Slaughter, M. H., Boileau, R. A., ve Wilmore, J. H. (1990). Estimation of minimal weight of adolescent males using multicomponent models. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 22 (4), 528-32.
  • Jackson, A. S., Pollock, M. L., ve Ward, A. N. N. (1980). Generalized equations for predicting body density of women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 12 (3), 175-81.
  • Jackson, A. S. ve Pollock, M. L. (1978). Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. British Journal of Nutrition, 40 (3), 497-04.
  • Özer, M. K. (2009). Kinantropometri: sporda morfolojik planlama. NobelKushner, R. F. D. A., Schoeller, D. A., Fjeld, C. R., ve Danford, L. (1992). Is the impedance index (ht2/R) significant in predicting total body water? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56 (5), 835-39.
  • Küçükkubaş, N. ve Korkusuz, F. (2020). Dual X-ray absorptiometry can predict total and regional body fat percentage: A comparative study with skinfold thickness and body mass index for adult women. Progress in Nutrition, 22 (3), https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v22i3.9315
  • Küçükkubaş, N., Aytar, S. H., Açıkada, C., ve Hazır, T. (2020). Bioelectric impedance analyses for young male athletes: A validation study. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 28 (1), 49-58.
  • Küçükkubaş, N. (2007). 15-17 Yaş antrenmanlı erkek ergenlerde vücut kompozisyonunun belirlenmesi. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Küçükkubaş, N., Hazir, T., ve Açıkada, C. (2006). 15-17 yaş ergen erkeklerde biyoelektrik impedans yönteminde ölçüm aralığının belirlenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17 (2), 38-47.
  • Lesinski, M., Prieske, O., Chaabene, H., ve Granacher, U. (2020). Seasonal effects of strength endurance vs. power training in young female soccer athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000003564
  • Lohman, T. G. (1981). Skinfolds and body density and their relation to body fatness: a review. Human Biology, 181-25.
  • Lohman, T. G. (1986). Applicability of body composition techniques and constants for children and youths. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 14, 325-57.
  • Malina, R. M. (1994). Physical activity and training: effects on stature and the adolescent growth spurt. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26 (6), 759-66.
  • O'Donoghue, G., Blake, C., Cunningham, C., Lennon, O., ve Perrotta, C. (2021). What exercise prescriptionis optimal to improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults living with obesity? A network meta‐analysis. Obesity Reviews, 22 (2), 1-19.
  • Poggiogalle, E., Parrinello, E., Barazzoni, R., Busetto, L., ve Donini, L. M. (2021). Therapeutic strategies for sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 24 (1), 33-41.
  • Ponti, F., Santoro, A., Mercatelli, D., Gasperini, C., Conte, M., Martucci, M., ... Bazzocchi, A. (2020). Aging and imaging assessment of body composition: from fat to facts. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10 (861),Rojo-Tirado, M. A., Benito, P. J., Ruiz, J. R., Ortega, F. B., Romero-Moraleda, B., Butragueño, J., ve
  • Gómez-Candela, C. (2021). Body composition changes after a weight loss intervention: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study. Nutrients, 13 (1), 164.
  • Schroder, J. D., Falqueto, H., Mânica, A., Zanini, D., de Oliveira, T., de Sá, C. A., ve Manfredi, L. H. (2021). Effects of time-restricted feeding in weight loss, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in obese women. Journal of Translational Medicine, 19 (1), 1-11.
  • Sinha, J., Duffull, S. B., ve Al-Sallami, H. S. (2018). A review of the methods and associated mathematical models used in the measurement of fat-free mass. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 57 (7), 781-95.
  • Siri, W. E. (1956). The gross composition of the body. Lawrence J. H. ve Cornelius A. T., (Der) In advances in biological and medical physics. 4, 239-80. London and New York, Academic Press Incorporated. Slaughter, M. H., Lohman, T. G., Boileau, R. A., Stillman, R. J., Van Loan, M., Horswill, C. A., ve Wilmore,
  • J. H. (1984). Influence of maturation on relationship of skinfolds to body density: a cross-sectional study. Human Biology, 56, 681-689. Slaughter, M. H., Lohman, T. G., Boileau, R., Horswill, C. A., Stillman, R. J., Van Loan, M. D., ve Bemben,
  • D. A. (1988). Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. Human Biology,60 (5), 709-23.
  • Toomey, C. M., Cremona, A., Hughes, K., Norton, C., ve Jakeman, P. (2015). A review of body composition measurement in the assessment of health. Topics in Clinical Nutrition, 30 (1), 16-32.
  • Valsdottir, T. D., Øvrebø, B., Falck, T. M., Litleskare, S., Johansen, E. I., Henriksen, C., ve Jensen, J. (2021). Low-carbohydrate high-fat diet and exercise: effect of a 10-week intervention on body composition and cvd risk factors in overweight and obese women—A randomized controlled trial. Nutrients, 13 (1), 1-24.
  • Wagner, D. R. ve Heyward, V. H. (1999). Techniques of body composition assessment: a review of laboratory and field methods. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 70 (2), 135-49.
  • Wang, Z., Deurenberg, P., Wang, W., Pietrobelli, A., Baumgartner, R.N., ve Heymsfield, S.B. (1999). Hydration of fat-free body mass: review and critique of a classic body-composition constant. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69 (5), 833-41.
  • Wang, Z., Pi-Sunyer, F. X., Kotler, D. P., Wielopolski, L., Withers, R. T., Pierson Jr, R. N., ve Heymsfield,
  • S. B. (2002). Multicomponent methods: evaluation of new and traditional soft tissue mineral models by in vivo neutron activation analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76 (5), 968-74.
  • Zaras, N., Stasinaki, A., Spiliopoulou, P., Mpampoulis, T., Had-jicharalambous, M., ve Terzis, G. (2021). Effect of inter-repetition rest vs. traditional strength training on lower body strength, rate of force development, and muscle architecture. Applied Sciences, 11 (1), 45
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports and Recreation
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Nigar Küçükkubaş

Publication Date April 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Küçükkubaş, N. (2021). Vücut Kompozisyonun Belirlenmesi ve Çok Bileşenli Modeller. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 31-49.