Gıda Sanayinde Kullanılan Yağlar ve Genel Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 93 - 110, 30.08.2022

Şule Arslan Gül Kızıltan

Abstract

Gıda sanayinde birçok yağ kullanılmaktadır. Sanayinin gelişmesiyle yağ üretimi için kullanılan bitki ve tohumların üretiminde farklı teknolojiler kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Ayrıca teknolojinin gelişmesi bu bitki ve tohumlardan ham yağın üretimi aşamasında farklı tekniklerin kullanılmasına olanak vermiştir ve verim artmaktadır. Farklı bitkilerden üretilen yağlar fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri sebebiyle farklı amaçlar doğrultusunda kullanılmaktadır. Kullanılan bu yağların diyetle tüketiminin sağlık üzerine farklı etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada “Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bitki Adı İle Anılan Yağlar Tebliğ’nde” adı geçen ve gıda sanayinde genellikle kullanılan yağların bileşimleri, kullanım alanları ve sağlık üzerine etkileri tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Yağlar, sağlık, sanayide kullanılan yağlar, yağ asitleri

References

• Abou-Saleh, H., Ouhtit, A., Halade, G. V., ve Rahman, M. M. (2019). Bone benefits of fish oil supplementation depend on its EPA and DHA content. Nutrients, 8(11), 2701.
• Adeyemi, W. J., Olayaki, L. A., Abdussalam, T. A., Toriola, A. P., Olowu, A. B., Yakub, A. J., …, Raji, A. O. (2020). Investigation of the effects of dietary modification in experimental obesity: low dose of virgin coconut oil has a potent therapeutic value. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapi, 126, 110110, 1-8.
• Amiri, M., Ghaneian, M. T., Zare-Sakhvidi, M. J., Rahmanian, M., Nadjarzadeh, A., Moghtaderi, F., …, Salehi-Abargouei, A. (2019). The effect of canola oil compared with sesame and sesame-canola oil on cardio-metabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: Design and research protocol of a randomized, triple-blind, three-way, crossover clinical trial. ARYA Atherosclerosis, 15 (4), 168-178.
• Arıoğlu, H. (2016). Türkiye’de yağlı tohum ve ham yağ üretimi, sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 357 - 368.
• Aung, W. P., Bjertness, E., Htet, A. S., Stigum, H., Chongsuvivatwong, V., Soe, P. P. ... (2018). Fatty Acid Profiles of Various Vegetable Oils and the Association between the Use of Palm Oil vs. Peanut Oil and Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases in Yangon Region, Myanmar. Nutrients, 10(9): 1193.
• Babajafari, S., Hojhabrimanesh, A., Sohrabi, Z., Ayaz, M., Noorafshan, A., ve Akrami, A. (2018). Comparing isolated soy protein with flaxseed oil vs isolated soy protein with corn oil and wheat flour with corn oil consumption on muscle catabolism, liver function, blood lipid, and sugar in burn patients: a randomized clinical trial. Trials, 4:19(1), 308. doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-2693-5.
• Barbosa Mdo, C., Bouskela, E., Cyrino, F. Z., Azevedo, A. P., Costa, M. C., de Souza, M., ... Nascimento, Mdo D. (2012). Effects of babassu nut oil on ischemia/reperfusion-induced leukocyte adhesion and macromolecular leakage in the microcirculation: observation in the hamster cheek pouch. Lipids in Health and Disease, 11,158.
• Białek, M., Białek, A., ve Czauderna, M. (2020). Maternal and early postnatal diet supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid ısomers affect lipid profile in hearts of offspring rats with mammary tumors. Animals (Basel), 10 (3), 464. doi: 10.3390/ani10030464.
• Burnett CL, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Klaassen CD, Marks JG Jr, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA (2011). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Cocos nucifera (Coconut) Oil and Related Ingredients. International Journal of Toxicology, 30; 5-16.
• Campbell, M. L., Hampshire, D., Hamstead, L. E., Rose, B. V., Smith, K. C., ve de Mestre, A. M. (2017). The effects of intrauterine infusion of peanut oil on endometrial health, salivary cortisol and interovulatory period in mares. Theriogenology, 15(102),116-125.
• Chatterjee, P., Fernando, M., Fernando, B., Dias, C. B., Shah, T., Silva, R., …, Martins, R. N. (2020). Potential of coconut oil and medium chain triglycerides in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 186, 111209.
• Che Man, Y.B. ve Marina, A.M. (2006). Medium chain triacylglycerol. Nutraceutical and Specialty Lipids and Their Coproducts, Ed: Shahidi F. Nutraceutical Science and Technology, 2: 27-56.
• Chen, P. R., Chien, K. L., Su, T. C., Chang, C. J., Liu, T. L., Cheng, H. C., ve Tsai, C. E. (2005). Dietary sesame reduces serum cholesterol and enhances antioxidant capacity in hypercholesterolemia. Nutrition Research, 25 (6), 559-567.
• Coelho, S.B., de Sales, R., L., Iyer, S., S., Bressan, J., Costa, N., M., Lokko, P. ve Mattes, R. Effects of peanut oil load on energy expenditure, body composition, lipid profile, and appetite in lean and overweight adults. Nutrition, 585-592.
• Danby, S. G., AlEnezi, T., Sultan, A., Lavender, T., Chittock, J., Brown, K. ... Cork, M. J. (2013). Effect of olive and sunflower seed oil on the adult skin barrier: implications for neonatal skin care. Pediatric Dermatology, 30(1), 42-50.
• Deol, P., Evans, J. R., Dhahbi, J., Chellappa, K., Han, D. S., Spindler, S., ve Sladek, F. M. (2015). Soybean oil is more obesogenic and diabetogenic than coconut oil and fructose in mouse: potential role for the liver. PLoS One, 10 (7), e0132672.
• Eyres, L., Eyres, M. F., Chisholm, A., ve Brown, R. C. (2016). Coconut oil consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in humans. Nutrition Reviews, 74 (4), 267-280.
• Food and Agriculture Organization (2010) Sunflower Crude and Refined Oils, Agribusiness Handbook. 5 - 19.
• Gam, D. H., Hong, J. W., Yeom, S. H., ve Kim, J. W. (2021). Polyphenols in peanut shells and their antioxidant activity: Optimal extraction conditions and the evaluation of anti-obesity effects. Journal of Nutrition and Health, 116-128.
• Garavaglia, J., Markoski, M. M., Oliveira, A., ve Marcadenti, A. (2016). Grape seed oil compounds: biological and chemical actions for health. Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, 9, 59-64.
• Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı. (2012). Türk gıda kodeksi bitki adı ile anılan yağlar tebliğ. (Tebliğ No: 2012/29)
• Gillingham LG, G. J. (2011). High-oleic rapeseed (canola) and flaxseed oils modulate serum lipids and inflammatory biomarkers in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. British Journal of Nutrition, 105(3), 417-27.
• Go, R. E., Hwang, K. A., Kim, Y. S., Kim, S. H., Nam, K. H., ve Choi, K. C. (2015). Effects of palm and sunflower oils on serum cholesterol and fatty liver in rats. Journal of Medicinal Food, 18(3), 363-369.
• Harris, M., Hutchins, A., ve Fryda, L. (2017). The impact of virgin coconut oil and high-oleic safflower oil on body composition, lipids, and ınflammatory markers in postmenopausal women. Journal of Medicinal Food, 20(4), 345-351.
• Jenkins, D. J., Kendall, C. W., Vuksan, V., Faulkner, D., Augustin, L. S., Mitchell, S. ve Leiter L. A. (2014). Effect of lowering the glycemic load with canola oil on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care, 37 (7),1806-1814.
• Khalid, N., Khan, R.S., Hussain, M.I., Farooq, M., Ahmad, A ve Ahmed, I. (2017). A comprehensive characterisation of safflower oil for its potential applications as a bioactive food ingredient-A review. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 66, 176-186.
• Kim, J., Kim, D.N., Lee, S.H., Yoo, S.H., Lee, S. (2010). Correlation of fatty acid composition of vegetable oils with rheological behaviour and oil uptake. Food Chemistry 118; 398–402.
• Kurt, O., Çelik, N., Hacıkamiloğlu, M. S., Özyılmaz, T. ve Şenel, A. A. (2017). Bazı aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) hatlarının ham yağ oranları ve yağ asidi kompozisyonunun belirlenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 20 (Özel Sayı), 206-210.
• Lima, R., do Nascimento, R., Luna, R., Persuhn, D., da Silva, A. S., da Conceição Rodrigues Gonçalves, M., ... Costa, M. J. (2017). Effect of a diet containing folate and hazelnut oil capsule on the methylation level of the ADRB3 gene, lipid profile and oxidative stress in overweight or obese women. Clinical Epigenetics, 13 (9),110.
• Lui, K. (1997) Soybeans: Chemistry, Technology and Utilization. Chapman and Hall. New York, 26-28.
• Ma, Z. F., Zhang, H. (2017). Phytochemical constituents, health benefits, and industrial applications of grape seeds: a mini-review. Antioxidants, 6(3),71.
• Maki, K. C., Hasse, W., Dicklin, M. R., Bell, M., Buggia, M. A., Cassens, M. E. ve Eren, F. (2018). Corn oil lowers plasma cholesterol compared with coconut oil in adults with above-desirable levels of cholesterol in a randomized crossover trial. The Journal of Nutrition, 148(10), 1556-1563.
• May, C. Y., ve Nesaretnam, K. (2014). Research advancements in palm oil nutrition. Europian Journal of Lipid Science Technology, 116 (10), 1301-1315.
• Mba, O.I., Dumont, M. ve Ngadi, M. (2015) Palm oil: Processing, characterization and utilization in the food industry – A review. Food Bioscience, 1;26-45
• Melo, E., Michels, F., Arakaki, D., Lima, N., Gonçalves, D., Cavalheiro, L., ... (2019). First Study on the Oxidative Stability and Elemental Analysis of Babassu (Attalea speciosa) Edible Oil Produced in Brazil Using a Domestic Extraction Machine. Molecules, 21;24(23).
• Miyahara, Y., Hibasami, H., Katsuzaki, H., Imai, K., ve Komiya, T. (2001). Sesamolin from sesame seed inhibits proliferation by inducing apoptosis in human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 7(4), 369-371.
• Mo, S. Y., Lai, O. M., Chew, B. H., Ismail, R., Bakar, S. A., Jabbar, N. A.ve Teng, K. T. (2019). Interesterified palm olein lowers postprandial glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response in type 2 diabetes. Europian Journal of Nutrition, 58 (5),1873-1885.
• Neelakantan, N., Seah, J. Y. ve van Dam, R. M. (2020). The effect of coconut oil consumption on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Circulation, 141 (10), 803-814.
• O’Brien, D.R. (1998). Fats and Oils, Formulating and Processing for Applications, Techromic Publishing Company, Lancaster, Pennsylvania / USA, 694.
• O'Brien, Richard D. (2004). Fats and Oils, Formulating and Processing for Applications, CRC Press, 2. Basım, 6-23
• Patrone, V., Minuti, A., Lizier, M., Miragoli, F., Lucchini, F., Trevisi, E., ... Callegari, M. L. (2018). Differential effects of coconut versus soy oil on gut microbiota composition and predicted metabolic function in adult mice. BMC Genomics, 7:19(1), 808.
• Pessoa, R. S., França, E. L., Ribeiro, E. B., Lanes, P. K., Chaud, N. G., Moraes, L. C. ... Honorio-França, A. C. (2014). Microemulsion of babassu oil as a natural product to improve human immune system function. Drug Design Development and Therapy, 16 (9), 21-31.
• Sankar, D., Ali, A., Sambandam, G., ve Rao, R. (2011). Sesame oil exhibits synergistic effect with anti-diabetic medication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical Nutrition, 30 (3), 351-358.
• Schreiber, E., Garcia , T., Sharma , R. P., Torrente, M., Domingo, J. L., ve Gómez, M. (2019). Oxidative stress in testes of rats exposed to n-butylparaben. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 131(110573).
• Senanayake, V. K., Pu, S., Jenkins, D. A., Lamarche, B., Kris-Etherton, P. M., West, S. G. ve Jones, P. J. (2014). Plasma fatty acid changes following consumption of dietary oils containing n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids at different proportions: preliminary findings of the Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial (COMIT). Trials, 15 (136). doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-136.
• Sowmya, M., Jeyarani, T., Jyotsna, R. ve Indrani, D. (2009) Effect of replacement of fat with sesame oil and additives on rheological, microstructural, quality characteristics and fatty acid profile of cakes. Food Hydrocolloids, 23 (7), 1827- 1836.
• Sun, G., Xia, H., Yang, Y., Ma, S., Zhou, H., Shu, G., … Yang, L. (2018). Effects of palm olein and olive oil on serum lipids in a Chinese population: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 27 (3), 572-580.
• Terruzzi, I., Vacante, F., Senesi, P., Montesano, A., Codella, R., ve Luzi, L. (2018). Effect of hazelnut oil on muscle cell signalling and differentiation. Journal of Oleo Science, 11:67 (10), 1315-1326.
• Tokuşoğlu Ö, Aydoğdu T (2015). Fonksiyonel Bir Yağ Olarak Hindistan Cevizi Yağı: Lipid ve Fenolik Profili ve Sağlık Etkileri. http://www.gida2000.com/fonksiyonel-bir-yagolarak-hindistan-cevizi-yagi-lipid-ve-fenolik-profili-ve-saglik-etkileri.html (erişim tarihi 19.04.2022).
• Tudisco, R., Musco, N., Pero, M. E., Morittu, V. M., Grossi, M., Mastellone, V., ... (2019). Influence of dietary hydrogenated palm oil supplementation on serum biochemistry and progesterone levels in dairy goats. Animal Nutrition, 5(3):286-289.
• Wan, Y., Li, H., Fu, G., Chen, X., Chen, F. ve Xie, M. (2015). The relationship of antioxidant components and antioxidant activity of sesame seed oil. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95 (13), 2571-2578.
• Yılmaz, E. ve Aydeniz, B. (2014). Farklı Doğal Antioksidanların Kızartma Süresince Yer Fıstığı Yağının Fiziksel Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri. Akademik Gıda, 12(1) (2014) 35-42