Review of Stepped Spillway Designs in the Literature

Abstract

Water is an excellent source of energy that we can use over again, thanks to dams. Excess water accumulated in the dam reservoir is transferred from upstream to downstream via spillways. The potential energy of flow at the upstream of the dam transforms into kinetic energy on the chute channel, causing cavitation and destruction. For this reason, stepped spillways are structural elements used to prevent damage and reduce the size of the downstream pool. For this reason, researchers have created different designs for the development of stepped spillways. In this study, it is aimed to review some studies about stepped spillways for the researchers who will work on this subject.

Keywords

• Stepped spillway
• Design of step
• Threshold geometry in stepped weirs

Literatürdeki Basamaklı Dolusavak Tasarımlarının Derlenmesi

Abstract

Yüzeysel sular, barajlar sayesinde tekrar tekrar kullanabildiğimiz mükemmel bir enerji kaynağıdır. Baraj rezervuarlarında biriken taşkın suları, savaklar yardımıyla membadan mansaba aktarılmaktadır. Baraj gövdesinin membasındaki akımın potansiyel enerjisi boşaltım kanalı üzerinde kinetik enerjiye dönüşerek kavitasyona (oyulmaya) ve dolusavak mansabında tahribata neden olabilmektedir. Bu sebeple basamaklı dolusavaklar, olası muhtemel tahribatların önüne geçmek ve düşüm havuzunun boyutlarını küçültmek amacıyla kullanılan yapı elemanlarıdır. Bu tip savaklardaki basamaklara çarpan akımın enerjisi büyük oranda sönümlendiğinden düşüm havuzu için gerekli olan boyutlar da küçülmektedir. Bu sebepten ötürü, araştırmacılar, basamaklı dolusavakların geliştirilmesi amacıyla farklı tasarımlar oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada, basamaklı dolusavakların basamak geometrileri üzerine yapılmış bir kısım çalışmalar derlenerek bu konuda çalışmayı planlayan araştırmacılara küçük bir katkı sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Basamaklı dolusavak
• Basamak tasarımı
• Basamaklı savaklarda eşik geometrisi

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