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Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Gelir ile Tüketim Arasındaki Eşbütünleşme İlişkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 1 - 8, 30.06.2021

Abstract

Tüketim toplam talebin önemli bir bileşenidir ve bu nedenle makro iktisatta sıkça çalışılan bir konu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada gelişmekte olan ülkeler iki gruba ayrılarak gelir ile tüketim arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilişkisi panel veri analizi ile araştırılmıştır. Üst orta gelir grubu (Çin, Rusya, Güney Afrika, Türkiye, Brezilya, Arjantin, Malezya, Meksika, Sri Lanka, Tayland Venezuela) ve alt orta gelir grubu (Bangladeş, Endonezya, Moldova, Pakistan, Filipinler, Ukrayna, Vietnam, Mısır, Hindistan, Kenya, Senegal) çalışmaya konu olan ülkelerdir. Veriler 1995-2018 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada panel birim kök ve panel eşbütünleşme testleri uygulanmıştır. Birim kök testi serilerin birinci farkları alındığında durağan hale geldiğini göstermektedir. Panel eşbütünleşme analizi serilerin uzun dönemde birlikte hareket ettiklerini göstermektedir. Eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin bulunmasının ardından esneklik katsayıları yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre tüketimin gelir esnekliğinin en yüksek olduğu gelir grubu üst orta gelir grubudur. Sonuçlar tüketim harcamalarının hassasiyetinin gelirdeki bir artışa karşı yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir.

References

  • Ahmed, M., Baloch, A., Khan, K. & Memon, M.H. (2015). The Estimation of Aggregate Consumption Function for High Income Countries, PJETS, 5(2), 85-100.
  • Akın, T. ve Dağlıoğlu, C. (2021). Tüketim, Belirsizlik ve Borçlanma kısıtı Üçlemi: Türkiye Örneği, Journal of Yaşar University, 16(61) , 414-433.
  • Alimi R. S. (2013). Keynes' Absolute Income Hypothesis and Kuznets Paradox, MPRA Paper 49310, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Alimi, R. S. (2015). Estimating Consumption Function under Permanent Income Hypothesis: A Comparison between Nigeria and South Africa, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 5(11), 285-298.
  • Bayır, M. ve Güvenoğlu, H. (2020). Servetin Tüketim Üzerindeki Asimetrik Etkileri, Journal of Yaşar University, 15(60) , 971-986.
  • Bedir, S. & Kantar, M. (2016). Cointegration Analysis of Income Consumption Relationship of Eu and Oecd Countries, International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, Vol. IV, Issue 4.
  • Bilik, M. ve Kök, R. (2020). A Comparative Study on Consumption Functions: The Case of the European Union*, Ege Academic Review, 20(3), 167-178.
  • Ceylan R. ve Karaağaç, G. E. (2019). Türkiye’de Sürekli Gelir Hipotezinin Test Edilmesi: Doğrusal Olmayan Birim Kök Testlerinden Kanıtlar, Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Yıl:8 Sayı:15.
  • Dey, S. R. (2019). The Relationship between Income, Consumption and GDP of Asian Countries: A Panel Analysis, Managing Global Transitions, University of Primorska, Faculty of Management Koper, vol. 17(2 (Summer), 113-127.
  • Diacon, P. E. & Maha, L. G. (2015). The Relationship between Income, Consumption and GDP: A Time Series, Cross-Country Analysis, Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 1535-1543.
  • Dornbusch, R. & Fischer, S. (1994). Macro economics (Sixth Ed.). McGraw-Hill, Inc.
  • Dreger C. & Reimers, H. E. (2006). Consumption and income in the euro area. Empirical evidence based on panel cointegration methods, Empirica, (33), 245–254.
  • Dreger, C. & Reimers, H. E. (2012). The long run relationship between private consumption and wealth: common and idiosyncratic effects, Portuguese Economic Journal, 11(1), 21-34.
  • Duesenberry, J. S. (1949). Income, saving and the theory of consumer behavior. Harvard University Press.
  • Ferber, R. (1979). Consumer Economics: A Survey. (pp. 5-33), (ed) P.G.Korlinas & R.S. Thorn, Modern Macroeconomics: Major Contributions to Contemporary Thought, Joanna Cotler Books.
  • Fernandez-Corugedo, E. (2004). Consumption theory. Centre for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England.
  • Globlan, Al Gahtani., Carlo, Andrea Bollino., Simona, Bigerna., & Axel, Pierru. (2019). Estimating the household consumption function in Saudi Arabia: An Error Correction approach. Applied Economics, 52(1), 1259-1271.
  • Halebic, J. (2016). Consumption Function in The Western Balkans Countries, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 267-276, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/dpusbe/issue/31354/346806, Erişim Tarihi: 01.04.2020.
  • Ianole, R. & Druică, E. (2015). Testing the Keynesian consumption hypothesis on European panel data, Romanian Journal of Economics, Institute of National Economy, vol. 40(1(49): 49-71.
  • Kao, C. (1999). `Spurious Regression and Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Panel Data', Journal of Econometrics, 90, 1-44.
  • Keynes, J. M. (1936). The general theory of employment, interest and money. Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.
  • Khan, K., S., Anwar, M., Ahmed, M. & Kamal, M. A. (2015). Estimation of Consumption Functions: The Case of Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Pakistan Business Review, 17(1), 113-124.
  • Özmen, M. ve Öksüzkaya, M. (2016). Seçilmiş AB Ülkeleri için Gelir-Tüketim İlişkisi: Panel Veri Yaklaşımı, Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 67-87.
  • Palley, T. I. (2008). The relative income theory of consumption: A synthetic Keynes Duesenberry-Friedman model, (No. 170). Working Paper Series. Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2003). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross Section Dependence, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 0346, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels, University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics No. 0435.
  • Rao, B. B. & Sharma, K. L. (2008). Testing the permanent income hypothesis in the developing and developed countries: A comparison between Fiji and Australia, International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 6(2), 97-106.
  • Stewart, C. (2001). An International Comparison of Long–Run Consumer Behaviour, European Research Studies, vol. 0(3-4), 19–36.
  • Tarı, R. (2010). Ekonometri, Umuttepe Yayınları, Kocaeli.
  • Tekin, İ. (2014). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Tüketim Harcamaları, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana.
  • Wang, K. (2011). Does the permanent income hypothesis exist in 10 Asian countries? Economics and Management, Issue 4, pp 92.
  • The World Bank (2019). http://data.worldbank.org/, Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2019.
Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 1 - 8, 30.06.2021

Abstract

References

  • Ahmed, M., Baloch, A., Khan, K. & Memon, M.H. (2015). The Estimation of Aggregate Consumption Function for High Income Countries, PJETS, 5(2), 85-100.
  • Akın, T. ve Dağlıoğlu, C. (2021). Tüketim, Belirsizlik ve Borçlanma kısıtı Üçlemi: Türkiye Örneği, Journal of Yaşar University, 16(61) , 414-433.
  • Alimi R. S. (2013). Keynes' Absolute Income Hypothesis and Kuznets Paradox, MPRA Paper 49310, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Alimi, R. S. (2015). Estimating Consumption Function under Permanent Income Hypothesis: A Comparison between Nigeria and South Africa, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 5(11), 285-298.
  • Bayır, M. ve Güvenoğlu, H. (2020). Servetin Tüketim Üzerindeki Asimetrik Etkileri, Journal of Yaşar University, 15(60) , 971-986.
  • Bedir, S. & Kantar, M. (2016). Cointegration Analysis of Income Consumption Relationship of Eu and Oecd Countries, International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, Vol. IV, Issue 4.
  • Bilik, M. ve Kök, R. (2020). A Comparative Study on Consumption Functions: The Case of the European Union*, Ege Academic Review, 20(3), 167-178.
  • Ceylan R. ve Karaağaç, G. E. (2019). Türkiye’de Sürekli Gelir Hipotezinin Test Edilmesi: Doğrusal Olmayan Birim Kök Testlerinden Kanıtlar, Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Yıl:8 Sayı:15.
  • Dey, S. R. (2019). The Relationship between Income, Consumption and GDP of Asian Countries: A Panel Analysis, Managing Global Transitions, University of Primorska, Faculty of Management Koper, vol. 17(2 (Summer), 113-127.
  • Diacon, P. E. & Maha, L. G. (2015). The Relationship between Income, Consumption and GDP: A Time Series, Cross-Country Analysis, Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 1535-1543.
  • Dornbusch, R. & Fischer, S. (1994). Macro economics (Sixth Ed.). McGraw-Hill, Inc.
  • Dreger C. & Reimers, H. E. (2006). Consumption and income in the euro area. Empirical evidence based on panel cointegration methods, Empirica, (33), 245–254.
  • Dreger, C. & Reimers, H. E. (2012). The long run relationship between private consumption and wealth: common and idiosyncratic effects, Portuguese Economic Journal, 11(1), 21-34.
  • Duesenberry, J. S. (1949). Income, saving and the theory of consumer behavior. Harvard University Press.
  • Ferber, R. (1979). Consumer Economics: A Survey. (pp. 5-33), (ed) P.G.Korlinas & R.S. Thorn, Modern Macroeconomics: Major Contributions to Contemporary Thought, Joanna Cotler Books.
  • Fernandez-Corugedo, E. (2004). Consumption theory. Centre for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England.
  • Globlan, Al Gahtani., Carlo, Andrea Bollino., Simona, Bigerna., & Axel, Pierru. (2019). Estimating the household consumption function in Saudi Arabia: An Error Correction approach. Applied Economics, 52(1), 1259-1271.
  • Halebic, J. (2016). Consumption Function in The Western Balkans Countries, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 267-276, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/dpusbe/issue/31354/346806, Erişim Tarihi: 01.04.2020.
  • Ianole, R. & Druică, E. (2015). Testing the Keynesian consumption hypothesis on European panel data, Romanian Journal of Economics, Institute of National Economy, vol. 40(1(49): 49-71.
  • Kao, C. (1999). `Spurious Regression and Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Panel Data', Journal of Econometrics, 90, 1-44.
  • Keynes, J. M. (1936). The general theory of employment, interest and money. Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.
  • Khan, K., S., Anwar, M., Ahmed, M. & Kamal, M. A. (2015). Estimation of Consumption Functions: The Case of Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Pakistan Business Review, 17(1), 113-124.
  • Özmen, M. ve Öksüzkaya, M. (2016). Seçilmiş AB Ülkeleri için Gelir-Tüketim İlişkisi: Panel Veri Yaklaşımı, Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 67-87.
  • Palley, T. I. (2008). The relative income theory of consumption: A synthetic Keynes Duesenberry-Friedman model, (No. 170). Working Paper Series. Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2003). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross Section Dependence, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 0346, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels, University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics No. 0435.
  • Rao, B. B. & Sharma, K. L. (2008). Testing the permanent income hypothesis in the developing and developed countries: A comparison between Fiji and Australia, International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 6(2), 97-106.
  • Stewart, C. (2001). An International Comparison of Long–Run Consumer Behaviour, European Research Studies, vol. 0(3-4), 19–36.
  • Tarı, R. (2010). Ekonometri, Umuttepe Yayınları, Kocaeli.
  • Tekin, İ. (2014). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Tüketim Harcamaları, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana.
  • Wang, K. (2011). Does the permanent income hypothesis exist in 10 Asian countries? Economics and Management, Issue 4, pp 92.
  • The World Bank (2019). http://data.worldbank.org/, Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2019.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatma İdil Baktemur 0000-0003-2455-5898

Early Pub Date June 30, 2021
Publication Date June 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Baktemur, F. İ. (2021). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Gelir ile Tüketim Arasındaki Eşbütünleşme İlişkisi. Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 1-8.