Maryse Condé’nin Le Cœur à Rire et à Pleurer Eserinde Yabancılaşma

Abstract

Postkolonyalizm, sömürgeciliğin mirasını sosyoloji, psikoloji ve edebiyat mercekleri aracılığıyla sorunsallaştıran kuramsal bir çerçevedir. Postkolonyal edebiyat, sömürgeciliğin edebi eserler üzerindeki kalıcı etkilerini incelerken kimlik, sürgün ve yabancılaşma gibi temaları ele almaktadır. Frantz Fanon, 20. yüzyılın en önde gelen düşünürlerinden biri olup, sömürgeciliğin bireysel ve kültürel düzeyde yarattığı sorunları ele alan anti-sömürgeci eserleriyle tanınmıştır. Sömürgeleştirilen halkların kendi kökenlerine yabancılaşmasını irdeleyen Fanon, bireylerin gerçek özgürlüğe ancak kendilerine dayatılan bu ötekilik duygusundan kurtardıklarında ulaşılabileceğini ileri sürmektedir. Fransız postkolonyal edebiyatının önde gelen isimlerinden biri olan Maryse Condé, kölelik, sömürgecilik ve sürgün deneyimlerini yaşamış bireylerin kimlik arayışını derinlemesine işlemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Maryse Condé’nin Le Cœur à Rire et à Pleurer adlı otobiyografik öykü kitabındaki yabancılaşma kavramını Frantz Fanon’un postkolonyal teorisi çerçevesinde analiz etmektir.

Keywords

• postkolonyal edebiyat
• yabancılaşma
• kimlik
• Maryse Condé
• Frantz Fanon

Alienation in Maryse Condé’s Le Cœur à Rire et à Pleurer

Abstract

Postcolonialism is a theoretical framework that problematizes the legacy of colonialism through the lenses of sociology, psychology, and literature. Postcolonial literature, exploring the enduring impact of colonialism on literary works addresses themes such as identity, exile, and alienation. Frantz Fanon was one of the most prominent thinkers of the 20th century with his anti-colonial works, which dealt with the problems created by colonialism on both an individual and a cultural level. Fanon, exploring the alienation of colonized peoples from their own origins, asserts that true freedom can be attained when individuals liberate themselves from this imposed sense of otherness. Maryse Condé, one of the leading figures of French postcolonial literature, delves into the search for identity among those who have endured the experiences of slavery, colonialism, and exile. The aim of this study is to analyze the concept of alienation in Maryse Condé's autobiographical storybook, Le Cœur à Rire et à Pleurer, within the framework of Frantz Fanon's postcolonial theory.

Keywords

• Postcolonial literature
• alienation
• identity
• Maryse Condé
• Frantz Fanon

References

1. Boehmer, E. (2005). Colonial and postcolonial literature. Oxford University Press.
2. Čepo, A. (2020). Que suis-je moi-même? Quête identitaire du cœur à rire et à pleurer. Sraz, (65), 157-163. https://doi.org/10.17234/SRAZ.65.18.
3. Chancé, D. (2009). Maryse Condé, la parole d’une femme qui ne serait pas la femme. Horizons Maghrebins- Le droit à la Mémoire, 25(60), 66-77.
4. Condé, M. (1999). Le Cœur à rire et à pleurer. Édition Robert Laffont.
5. Condé, M. (2004). The stealers of fire: the French-speaking writers of the Caribbean and their strategies of liberation. Journal of Black Studies, 35(2), 154-164. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934704266721.
6. Cooper, S. L. (2016). Des fils invisibles nous reliant: comparative memory in Caribbean life-writing. Francosphères, 5(1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.3828/franc.2016.3.
7. Fanon, F. (1952). Peau noire, masques blancs. Éditions du Seuil.
8. Fanon, F. (1961). Les damnés de la terre. Éditions Maspero.

9. Fins, A. G. (2018). Créolité et voix de résistance chez Édouard Glissant. Carnets: Revue Electronique d’Etudes Françaises, 2(13), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.4000/carnets.2563.
10. Hodge, M. (1998). Caribbean writers and Caribbean language: a study of Jamacia Kincaid's Annie John. In A. S. Newson and L. Strong-Leek (Eds.), Winds of Change: The Transforming Voices of Caribbean Women Writers and Scholars (pp. 47-55). Peter Lang Publishing.
11. Irèle, A. (1989). Éloge de l’aliénation. Notre Librairie, (98), 46-58.
12. Jatoe-Kaleo, B. A. (2013). L’importance des points de vue et de la temporalité variables dans « Le cœur à rire et à pleurer » de Maryse Condé: problématisation d’un mémoire de l’organisation de la société Guadeloupéenne. European Scientific Journal March Edition, 9(8), 350-361. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2013.v9n8p%p.
13. Johnson, E. L. (2008). Departures and arrivals: Home in Maryse Condé’s Le Cœur à rire et à pleurer. In N. Edwards and C. Hogarth (Eds.), Gender and Displacement: «Home» in Contemporary Francophone Women’s Autobiography (pp. 15-33). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
14. Klingele, M. M. (2013). Voice and resistance in Maryse Condé’s ‘Le cœur à rire et à pleurer’: dynamics of race, gender, and écriture Féminine. Honors Projects, (7), 1-44.
15. Nesbitt, N. (2003). Stepping outside the magic circle: the critical thought of Maryse Condé. Romanic review, 94(3/4), 391-404. https://doi.org/10.1215/26885220-94.3-4.391.
16. Rüf, I. (1999, 30 January). Livres: Maryse Condé: Le cœur à rire et à pleurer. Le Temps. https://www.letemps.ch/culture/livres-maryse-conde-coeur-rire-pleurer?
17. Simplice, M. (2022). L’évolution de l’identité dans l’œuvre de Maryse Condé. University of Ottawa, Unpublished Master's Thesis.
18. Xiuxia, Z. (2008). Female Bonding and Identity Formation in the Female Caribbean Bildungsroman. National University of Singapore, Unpublished Master's Thesis.