Flaubert’in Papağanı Romanında Yazar, Otorite ve Özgünlük Arayışı

Year 2021, , 37 - 49, 29.06.2021

Fatma Zeynep Bilge

https://doi.org/10.47777/cankujhss.959588

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Julian Barnes’ın Flaubert’in Papağanı (1984) romanı postmodern roman türünün temel özelliklerinden biri olan üst kurmacadan yararlanması açısından önemlidir. Bu romanı, kurmaca yapısının bilincinde olan öz-düşünümsel bir metin olarak tanımlamak mümkündür. Ayrıca, Gustave Flaubert’in Saf Bir Yürek öyküsü ve Madam Bovary romanları ile amatör biyografi yazarı olan Geoffrey Braithwaite karakterinin anlatısını birleştirerek metinlerarası bir ağı da gözler önüne serer. Romanın ana karakteri ve anlatıcısı olan Braithwaite’in doğruluk ve kesinlik arayışı ironik bir biçimde farklı bakış açılarının sunulduğu çok katmanlı bir anlatının ortaya çıkmasına neden olur. Romanın gerçek, bilgi ve kesinlik gibi kavramların varlığını (ya da yokluğunu) yansıtma biçimi yirmibirinci yüzyıl dünyasının hakikat sonrası kavramına yaptığı vurguyla daha da çarpıcı bir hal alır. Roman, gerçek yaşamla kurmaca ilişkisini sorgular; papağan ise bu karşılıklı ilişkinin vücut bulmuş hali olur. Bununla beraber, papağanın taklitçi doğasının sanatla yaşam arasındaki ilişkiyi temsil ettiğini iddia etmek de mümkündür. Bu yarı-biyografik romanında Barnes yalnızca Flaubert’i kurmaca dünyanın parçası yapmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda eleştirmen ve akademisyenlere de varoluşsal sorular yöneltir. Bir yazarın yaşamına ilişkin tahminler ve biyografi yazarının yaratıcılığı gerçek ile kurmaca, yaşam ile sanat ve yazar ile eleştirmen arasındaki sınır(sızlığ)ı vurgular. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın temel amacı romanın postmodernizmle ilişkisini ve yazar ile biyografi yazarı/eleştirmen/akademisyen arasındaki iş birliğinin ve/veya çatışmanın doğasını gözler önüne sermektir.

Keywords

Julian Barnes, Flaubert’in Papağanı, postmodern roman, üst kurmaca, gerçeklik

The Perpetual Quest for Author(ity) and Authenticity in Flaubert’s Parrot

Abstract

Julian Barnes’s Flaubert’s Parrot (1984) is significant in its employment of metafiction, which is one of the key characteristics of the postmodern novel. Flaubert’s Parrot can be defined as a self-reflexive text, which is utterly aware that it is fiction. Moreover, it presents an intertextual network, which connects Gustave Flaubert’s Un coeur simple and Madame Bovary with the fictional amateur biographer Geoffrey Braithwaite’s narrative. The narrator/protagonist Braithwaite’s quest for truth and certainty, ironically, creates a multi-layered narrative involving multiple points of view. The novel’s portrayal of (the lack of) truth, knowledge, and certainty becomes more conspicuous with the twenty-first century’s emphasis on post-truth. The novel questions the relationship between real life and fiction, and the parrot becomes the embodiment of this mutual relationship. Furthermore, it can be argued that the imitative nature of the parrot emphasizes the relationship between life and art as well. With this semi-biographical novel Barnes not only fictionalizes Flaubert but also poses existential questions to critics and scholars. The speculations concerning an author’s life and the creativity of the biographer accentuate the (lack of) boundaries between fact and fiction, life and art, author and critic. That is the reason why the primary aim of this paper is to display this novel’s relation to postmodernism as well as the nature of the collaboration and/or the battle between the author and the biographer/critic/academic.

Keywords

Julian Barnes, Flaubert’s Parrot, postmodern novel, metafiction, authenticity

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