Gottfried Benn Şiiri ve Dışavurumcu İmge

Year 2022, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 149 - 168, 06.12.2022

Melih Levi

https://doi.org/10.47777/cankujhss.1081784

Abstract

Bu makale, Benn'in "Nachtcafe" gibi erken dönem şiirlerindeki dışavurumcu tutumu inceledikten sonra, Benn'in daha psikanalitik ve mitolojik şiirlerinde imgenin gevşemesinin izini sürmektedir. Ardından, Benn'in poetikasında belirgin bir kopuşun ve performatif bir sesin ortaya çıkışının örneğini veren geç dönem şiirlerinden “Das sind doch Menschen”i incelenmektedir. Dışavurumculuk ve mitolojiye olan ilgi Benn'in geç dönem şiirleri üzerinde bariz bir etkiye sahip olmaya devam eder. Fakat daha kişisel olan ve anekdot tarzına yaklaşan bu geç dönem, şiirsel imge, şiir kişisi ve soyut ifade arasında yeni bir denge yakalar. Ayrıca, makale boyunca, şiir dünyasındaki gelişmeler, 2. Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemin bağlamında ele alınmış ve bu dönemde daha etken bir şiir kişisi yaratma girişimleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, Ingeborg Bachmann gibi şairler tarafından ortaya atılan şiir teorileri ve Benn'in Probleme der Lyrik başlıklı önemli konuşmasında öne sürülen poetika tartışmaları ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Gottfried Benn, Dışavurumculuk, Şiir, İmge, Lirik

Gottfried Benn’s Poetry and Unbracketing the Expressionist Image

Abstract

After studying the prevailing expressionistic attitude in Benn’s early poems such as “Nachtcafé,” the paper traces the loosening of imagery in Benn’s more psychoanalytic and mythological poems. The paper then offers a close reading of “Das sind doch Menschen,” a poem from Benn’s latest period, which exemplifies a distinct break in his poetics and the emergence of a markedly performative and personal voice. The backdrop of expressionism, his early fascination with mythology and mid-career attempts to achieve a perfect lyric structure continued to have obvious influences on Benn’s later writing but this personal and anecdotal period occasions a new balance between poetic image, lyric self, and abstract statement. In addition, the paper also traces Benn’s attempts to recover a more agentic lyric self within the larger poetic context of the post-war era, turning to poetic theories advanced by contemporaneous poets such as Ingeborg Bachmann and in Benn’s own momentous lecture on poetics, Probleme der Lyrik.

Keywords

Gottfried Benn, Expressionism, Poetry, Imagery, Lyric

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