İç Mekanda Kullanılan Yapay Aydınlatmanın Kullanıcı Açısından Etkileri

Abstract

Space is a kind of limitation that human being realize in a natural environment to an aim oriented, a kind of artificial metamorphosis, an installation that express the social organization. The space that designed is evaluated as a shell to express the concept which is created in mind as functional and symbolical. In space designing interior space and the shell which is the reflection of that volume are consist of the fact that to complete each other. The choice and application of all the elements which compose the concept of the space such as color, texture, material are the result of thinking with spatial identity. One of the most important fact is the lighting in spatial installation. In industrial societies, daily time spent indoors increases gradually. In line with this increase, the need for artificial lighting has augmented. The concept of illumination is very strong exposition tool with the features of to determination, emphasize, limitation, provides the perception of third dimension. Apart from its use to enable seeing, artificial lightning has other effects that could not be overlooked. It has grade importance to perceive spatial characteristics and to remember them. The user depends on the form of space, illumination in space and the properties of lighting system that is used in space when giving a meaning to the space. The designs that are aware of the effects of architectural lighting other than the visual would affect, in addition to visual performance, the spatial perception and psychology of people who spend most of their time indoors with artificial lighting. Therefore, the issue should be tackled in multidisciplinary terms by conceiving lighting a part of design. This study seeks to draw attention to the uses of architectural lighting beyond its practical effect on seeing.

Keywords

• Interior,spatial identity,illumination,identity,artificial lighting

References

1. [1] M. S. Rea (editor), IESNA Lightning Handbook: Reference and Application, Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, New York 2000.
2. [2] D. C. Lindberg (editor), John Pecham and the Science of Optics: Perspectiva Communis, University of Wisconsin Press, Wisconsin 1970.
3. [3] F. D. C¸ etin, B. Gümüş ve Y. B. Özbudak, Aydınlatma özelliklerinin ergonomik açıdan değerlendirilmesi, II. Ulusal Aydınlatma Sempozyumu ve Sergisi, Diyarbakır, 08-10 Ekim, (2003).
4. [4] D. Altuncu, Restoran Bar ˙I¸slevi Kazandırılmı¸s Tarihi Mekˆanlarda Yapay Aydınlatmayla Atmosfer Yaratma, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi, İstanbul 2007.
5. [5] W. van Bommel, CIE and the way of putting ‘lighting and health’ into daily lighting practice, Proceeding Book of Lux Europa 2005 (10th European Lighting Conference, Berlin, September 19-21), (2005) 25–26.
6. [6] İ. Fitoz, Mekan Tasarımında Belirleyici Bir Etken Olarak Yapay Işık İçin Aydınlatma Tasarımı Modeli, Doktora Tezi, Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi, İstanbul 2002.
7. [7] J. Turner, Designing With Light: Retail Spaces : Lighting Solutions for Shops, Malls and Markets, RotoVision, East Sussex 1998.
8. [8] S. Lyons, Lighting for Industry and Security: A Handbook for Providers and Users of Lighting, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., Oxford 1992.

9. [9] http://www.sessizcadde.com/muhendislik-peyzaj-mimarlik/gorsel-konfor-mimarlik/?wap2. Son erişim: 24-Şubat-2010.
10. [10] T. Morita and H. Tokura, The influence of different wavelengths of light on human biological rhythms, Applied Human Science 17 (1998), 91–96.
11. [11] A. J. Lewy, T. A. Wehr, F. K. Goodwin, D. A. Newsome and S. P. Markey, Light suppresses melatonin secretion in humans, Science 210 (1980), 1267–1269.
12. [12] http://www.cie.co.at/. Son erişim: 22-Şubat-2010.
13. [13] http://www.yfu.com/booklet-4.html. Son erişim: 24-Şubat-2010.
14. [14] S. Fleischer, H. Krueger and C. Schierz, Effects of brightness distribution and light colors on office staff, Proceeding Book of Lux Europa 2001 (9th European Lighting Conference, Reykjavik, June 18-20), (2001) 76–80.
15. [15] M. S. Rea, Light-much more than vision, Proceedings of Light and Human Health: EPRI/LRO (5th International Lighting Symposium, Palo Alto, CA), (2002) 1–15.
16. [16] A. J. Lewy, H. A. Kern, N. E. Rosenthal and T. A. Wehr, Bright artificial light treatment of a manic-depressive patient with a seasonal mood cycle, The American Journal of Psychiatry 139 (1982), 1496–1498.
17. [17] M. G. Figueiro, M. S. Rea, P. Boyce, R. White and K. Kolberg, The effects of bright light on day and night shift nurses’ performance and well being in the NICU, Neonatal Intensive Care 14 (2001), 29–32.
18. [18] P. Badia, B. Myers, M. Boecker, J. Culpepper and J.R. Harsh, Bright light effects on body temperature, alertness, EEG and behavior, Physiology & Behavior 50 (1991), 583–588.
19. [19] L. G. Browman, Light in its relation to activity and estrous rhythms in the albino rat, Journal of Experimental Zoology 75 (1937), 375–388.
20. [20] G. C. Brainard, A. J. Lewy, M. Menaker, R. H. Fredrickson, L. S. Miller, R. G. Weleber, V. Cassone and D. Hudson, Effect of light wavelength on the suppression of nocturnal plasma melatonin in normal volunteers, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 453 (1985), 376–378.
21. [21] Ş. Sirel, Mimarlık Öğretiminde Aydınlatma Ders Notları, YTU MF Yapı Fiziği Bölümü, İstanbul, 1980.
22. [22] İ. Altan, Mimaride Işık-Gölge İlişkilerinin Psikolojik Etkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Doktora Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul 1984.
23. [23] U. Erkman, Mimaride Etki ve Görsel İdrak İlişkileri, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul 1973.
24. [24] ޸ Ö. Gür, Mekan Örgütlenmesi, Gür Yayıncılık, İstanbul 1996.
25. [25] R. Ünver, Yapıların ˙İçinde Işık Renk İlişkisi, Doktora Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul 1985.
26. [26] R. Ünver ve ¨ O. L. Dokuzer, Aydınlık Düzenleme 1 Ders Notları, YTU MF Yapı Fiziği Bölümü, İstanbul, 2007.
27. [27] R. van der Veen and G. Meijer, Light and Plant Growth, Philips Technical Library, Eindhoven 1959.
28. [28] S. Davis, D. K. Mirick and R. G. Stevens, Night shift work, light at night, and risk of breast cancer, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 93 (2001), 1557–1562.
29. [29] S. Davis, D. K. Mirick and R. G. Stevens, A diurnal rhythm in the excretion of urinary ketosteroids by young men, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 3 (1943), 195–199.
30. [30] M. Çetinkaya, N. Köksal ve H. Ozkan, Yenidoğan sarılıklarında tedavi yaklaşımı, Güncel Pediatri 3 (2006), 118-123.
31. [31] H. Aydın ve F. Özgen, Psikiyatrik bozukluklarda uyku çalışmaları, ¨ Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 1 (1998), 89–97.
32. [32] M. Okawa M and M. Uchiyama, Circadian rhythm sleep disorders: characteristics and entrainment pathology in delayed sleep phase and non-24-h sleep-wake syndrome, Sleep Medicine Reviews 11 (2007), 485–496.
33. [33] U. Tural, Uyku ve Bozuklukları 5.Dönem Ders Notları, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Kocaeli, 2006.
34. [34] Y. Dagan, Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD) in psychiatry, The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences 39 (2002), 19–27.
35. [35] N. E. Rosenthal, J. R. Joseph-Vanderpool, A. A. Levendosky, S. H. Johnston, R. Allen, K. A. Kelly, E. Souetre, P. M. Schultz and K. E. Starz, Phase-shifting effects of bright morning light as treatment for delayed sleep phase syndrome, Sleep 13 (1990), 354–361.
36. [36] M. G. Figuerio, M. S. Rea, R. G. Stevens and A.C. Rea, Daylight and productivity: A possible link to circadian regulation, Proceedings of Light and Human Health: EPRI/LRO (5th International Lighting Symposium, Palo Alto, CA), (2002) 185–193.