ALKOL KULLANIM BOZUKLUĞUNUN GENETİĞİ

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 33 - 46, 07.03.2017

Hasan Kaya Özlem Bolat Kaya Nesrin Dilbaz

https://doi.org/10.5455/car.20170705081115

Abstract

Giriş: Alkol kullanım bozukluğu (AKB); olumsuz duygusal, fiziksel ve sosyal sonuçlara yol açan zararlı içme paternleriyle karakterize olan kronik psikiyatrik bir bozukluktur. İkiz, aile ve evlat edinme çalışmaları genetik faktörlerin AKB patogenezinde kritik rol oynadığını tutarlı bir şekilde göstermiştir. AKB’ye yatkınlık üzerinde etkili genleri belirlemeyi amaçlayan birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu derlemede, ikiz çalışmaları, bağlantı çalışmaları, aday gen çalışmaları ve genom boyu ilişki çalışmalarını (GWAS) içeren, AKB ile ilgili yapılmış genetik araştırmalar gözden geçirilmiştir. AKB’nin çok
sayıda gendeki varyasyonlarla gelişme riski belirlenen kompleks bir genetik bozukluk olduğuna dair kanıtlar giderek artmaktadır. Bu genlerden bazıları belirlenmiştir; alkol metabolizmasında rol oynayan ADH1B ve ALDH2 bunlar içinde en güçlü kanıtlara sahip olunan genlerdir. GABRA2, DRD2, OPRM1, MAOA VE PECR genlerini de içeren bazı genlerin varyantaları üzerindeki çalışmalara
devam edilmektedir. Daha fazla varyant analiz edildikçe ve yeni meta-analizler yayınlandıkça AKB riskini etkileyen birçok gen ve yolağın bir arada değerlendirildiği bir bakış açısına sahip olmak mümkün olacaktır.

Keywords

Alkol kullanım bozukluğu, tek nükleotid polimorfizmleri, genom boyu ilişki çalışmaları

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