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Implementation of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Patients with Severe Mental Illness Isolated in a COVID-19 Specific Acute Psychiatric Ward

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 13 - 19, 26.07.2024

Abstract

Objective: The aim of our study is to present our experience with the application of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and the course of psychiatric illness in hospitalized smokers with severe mental illness and COVID-19. Considering the recent pandemic, it is crucial to recommend smoking cessation and provide treatment support to psychiatric patients with severe mental illness accompanied by physical illnesses, infectious diseases, and especially COVID-19 infection, to achieve better outcomes in the treatment of comorbidities and infections. Method: Our study included 18 smoking patients out of 23 with severe mental illness who were hospitalized in the psychiatric ward and had COVID-19 infection. The correlation between FTND and variables such as the rate of reduction in PANSS-EC and length of hospital stay was investigated. Results: Two-thirds of the patients had high nicotine dependence with FTND scores ≥ 6. A significant decrease was observed when comparing baseline FTND scores with FTND scores on the 30th day post-discharge. Conclusion: It is important to consider nicotine withdrawal symptoms in patients who smoke and are admitted to a psychiatric unit where tobacco use is restricted, and to consider NRT as part of the inpatient treatment programme. However, according to our results, NRT alone is not sufficient for smoking cessation treatment. It should be supported by motivational interviewing, individual counselling or psychoeducation. In addition, the fact that the patients in our study quit smoking with acute and extrinsic motivation due to COVID-19 infection may be one of the factors that caused them to relapse after discharge. Therefore, comprehensive smoking cessation treatment and NRT for psychiatric patients should be an integral part of inpatient treatment programmes during and after the pandemic.

References

  • 1. Giulietti F, Filipponi A, Rosettani G, Giordano P, Iacoacci C, Spannella F, et al. Pharmacological Approach to Smoking Cessation: An Updated Review for Daily Clinical Practice. High Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Prevention [Internet]. 2020;27(5):349–62. Available from: https://doi. org/10.1007/s40292-020-00396-9
  • 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking&Tobacco Use [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/ index.htm
  • 3. Sitas F, Harris-Roxas B, Bradshaw D, Lopez AD. Smoking and epidemics of respiratory infections. Vol. 99, Bulletin of the World Health Organization. World Health Organization; 2021. p. 164–5.
  • 4. Farsalinos K, Barbouni A, Poulas K, Polosa R, Caponnetto P, Niaura R. Current smoking, former smoking, and adverse outcome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2020;11(1–14).
  • 5. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/ news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid- 19-tobacco. 2021. Coronavirus disease (COVID- 19): Tobacco .
  • 6. De Leon J, Diaz FJ. A meta-analysis of worldwide studies demonstrates an association between schizophrenia and tobacco smoking behaviors. Schizophr Res. 2005;76(2–3):135–57.
  • 7. Ziedonis DM, Hitsman B, Beckham JC, Zvolensky M, Adler LE, Audrain-McGovern J, et al. Tobacco use and cessation in psychiatric disorders: National Institute of Mental Health report. Vol. 10, Nicotine and Tobacco Research. 2008. p. 1691–715.
  • 8. Heffner JL, Strawn JR, Delbello MP, Strakowski SM, Anthenelli RM. The co-occurrence of cigarette smoking and bipolar disorder: Phenomenology and treatment considerations. Vol. 13, Bipolar Disorders. 2011. p. 439–53.
  • 9. Madden PAF, Bucholz KK, Dinwiddie SH, Slutske WS, Bierut LJ, Statham DJ, et al. Nicotine withdrawal in women. Addiction. 1997;92(7):889–902.
  • 10. Winterer G. Why do patients with schizophrenia smoke? Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2010;23(2):112–9.
  • 11. Picciotto MR, Alan SL, Schalkwyk GI van, Mineur YS. Mood and anxiety regulation by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: a potential pathway to modulate aggression and related behavioral states. Neuropharmacology. 2015;96:235–43.
  • 12. Association AP. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with nicotine dependence. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153:1–31.
  • 13. Prochaska JJ, Gill P, Hall SM. Treatment of tobacco use in an inpatient psychiatric setting. Psychiatric

Covid-19 Spesifik Akut Psikiyatri Servisinde İzole Edilmiş Ağır Ruhsal Hastalığı Olan Hastalarda Nikotin Replasman Tedavisinin Uygulanması

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 13 - 19, 26.07.2024

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, psikiyatri servisinde yatarak tedavi gören, COVID-19 tanılı, ağır ruhsal hastalığı olan ve sigara içen hastaların tedavisinde nikotin replasman tedavisi (NRT) uygulamasına ve psikiyatrik hastalık seyrine dair bir deneyim sunmaktır. Yakın zamanda yaşanan pandemi süreci de düşünüldüğünde, ağır ruhsal hastalığa eşlik eden fiziksel hastalık, enfeksiyon hastalıkları ve özellikle COVID-19 enfeksiyonu olan psikiyatri hastalarında, eş zamanlı hastalıkların ve enfeksiyonun tedavisinde daha iyi sonuçlar alınması açısından kapalı serviste yatan hastalara sigara bırakmanın önerilmesi ve hastalara tedavi desteği sağlanması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Yöntem: Araştırmamıza ağır ruhsal hastalık nedeni ile psikiyatri servisinde yatarak tedavi gören ve COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçiren 23 hastadan sigara içen 18 hasta dahil edildi. FNBT ile PANSS-EC’deki azalma oranı ve hastanede kalma süresi gibi değişkenler arasındaki ilişki araştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 18 hastanın 16'sı erkek ve ikisi kadındı, 14 hasta psikotik spektrum bozuklukları, dört hasta ise bipolar bozukluk tanısı ile takip edildi. Geliş FNBT skorları ile taburculuktan sonraki 30. gün FNBT skorları karşılaştırıldığında, anlamlı bir azalma gözlemlendi. Sonuç: Tütün kullanımının kısıtlandığı psikiyatri servisinde yatan ve sigara içen hastalarda nikotin yoksunluk belirtilerinin dikkate alınması ve NRT'nin yatarak tedavi programının bir bileşeni olarak düşünülmesi önem taşımaktadır. Ancak sonuçlarımıza göre NRT sigara bırakma tedavisinde tek başına yeterli olmamıştır. Bireysel terapi, danışmanlık ya da psikoeğitimlerle desteklenmelidir. Ayrıca araştırmamızda hastaların, COVID-19 enfeksiyonu nedeniyle akut ve dışsal bir motivasyonla hareket ederek sigarayı bırakmış olmaları taburcu olduktan sonra nüks etmelerine neden olan etkenler arasında sayılabilir. Bu nedenle, psikiyatri hastaları için kapsamlı sigara bırakma tedavisi ve NRT, pandemi sırasında ve sonrasında da yataklı tedavi programlarının ayrılmaz bir parçası olmalıdır.

References

  • 1. Giulietti F, Filipponi A, Rosettani G, Giordano P, Iacoacci C, Spannella F, et al. Pharmacological Approach to Smoking Cessation: An Updated Review for Daily Clinical Practice. High Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Prevention [Internet]. 2020;27(5):349–62. Available from: https://doi. org/10.1007/s40292-020-00396-9
  • 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking&Tobacco Use [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/ index.htm
  • 3. Sitas F, Harris-Roxas B, Bradshaw D, Lopez AD. Smoking and epidemics of respiratory infections. Vol. 99, Bulletin of the World Health Organization. World Health Organization; 2021. p. 164–5.
  • 4. Farsalinos K, Barbouni A, Poulas K, Polosa R, Caponnetto P, Niaura R. Current smoking, former smoking, and adverse outcome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2020;11(1–14).
  • 5. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/ news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid- 19-tobacco. 2021. Coronavirus disease (COVID- 19): Tobacco .
  • 6. De Leon J, Diaz FJ. A meta-analysis of worldwide studies demonstrates an association between schizophrenia and tobacco smoking behaviors. Schizophr Res. 2005;76(2–3):135–57.
  • 7. Ziedonis DM, Hitsman B, Beckham JC, Zvolensky M, Adler LE, Audrain-McGovern J, et al. Tobacco use and cessation in psychiatric disorders: National Institute of Mental Health report. Vol. 10, Nicotine and Tobacco Research. 2008. p. 1691–715.
  • 8. Heffner JL, Strawn JR, Delbello MP, Strakowski SM, Anthenelli RM. The co-occurrence of cigarette smoking and bipolar disorder: Phenomenology and treatment considerations. Vol. 13, Bipolar Disorders. 2011. p. 439–53.
  • 9. Madden PAF, Bucholz KK, Dinwiddie SH, Slutske WS, Bierut LJ, Statham DJ, et al. Nicotine withdrawal in women. Addiction. 1997;92(7):889–902.
  • 10. Winterer G. Why do patients with schizophrenia smoke? Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2010;23(2):112–9.
  • 11. Picciotto MR, Alan SL, Schalkwyk GI van, Mineur YS. Mood and anxiety regulation by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: a potential pathway to modulate aggression and related behavioral states. Neuropharmacology. 2015;96:235–43.
  • 12. Association AP. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with nicotine dependence. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153:1–31.
  • 13. Prochaska JJ, Gill P, Hall SM. Treatment of tobacco use in an inpatient psychiatric setting. Psychiatric
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Subtance Abuse
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mine Ergelen 0000-0001-6022-3714

Didem Beşikci Keleş

Murat Yalçın 0000-0002-1129-8960

Melike Yerebakan 0000-0002-3096-8296

Tuba Öcek Baş 0000-0003-3872-1762

Ekin Sönmez Güngör 0000-0002-2874-4306

Davut Genç

Merve Metin 0000-0002-8626-3762

Aslı Kayacan

Publication Date July 26, 2024
Submission Date May 21, 2024
Acceptance Date June 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ergelen, M., Beşikci Keleş, D., Yalçın, M., Yerebakan, M., et al. (2024). Implementation of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Patients with Severe Mental Illness Isolated in a COVID-19 Specific Acute Psychiatric Ward. Current Addiction Research, 8(1), 13-19.
AMA Ergelen M, Beşikci Keleş D, Yalçın M, Yerebakan M, Öcek Baş T, Sönmez Güngör E, Genç D, Metin M, Kayacan A. Implementation of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Patients with Severe Mental Illness Isolated in a COVID-19 Specific Acute Psychiatric Ward. Current Addiction Research. July 2024;8(1):13-19.
Chicago Ergelen, Mine, Didem Beşikci Keleş, Murat Yalçın, Melike Yerebakan, Tuba Öcek Baş, Ekin Sönmez Güngör, Davut Genç, Merve Metin, and Aslı Kayacan. “Implementation of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Patients With Severe Mental Illness Isolated in a COVID-19 Specific Acute Psychiatric Ward”. Current Addiction Research 8, no. 1 (July 2024): 13-19.
EndNote Ergelen M, Beşikci Keleş D, Yalçın M, Yerebakan M, Öcek Baş T, Sönmez Güngör E, Genç D, Metin M, Kayacan A (July 1, 2024) Implementation of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Patients with Severe Mental Illness Isolated in a COVID-19 Specific Acute Psychiatric Ward. Current Addiction Research 8 1 13–19.
IEEE M. Ergelen, “Implementation of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Patients with Severe Mental Illness Isolated in a COVID-19 Specific Acute Psychiatric Ward”, Current Addiction Research, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 13–19, 2024.
ISNAD Ergelen, Mine et al. “Implementation of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Patients With Severe Mental Illness Isolated in a COVID-19 Specific Acute Psychiatric Ward”. Current Addiction Research 8/1 (July 2024), 13-19.
JAMA Ergelen M, Beşikci Keleş D, Yalçın M, Yerebakan M, Öcek Baş T, Sönmez Güngör E, Genç D, Metin M, Kayacan A. Implementation of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Patients with Severe Mental Illness Isolated in a COVID-19 Specific Acute Psychiatric Ward. Current Addiction Research. 2024;8:13–19.
MLA Ergelen, Mine et al. “Implementation of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Patients With Severe Mental Illness Isolated in a COVID-19 Specific Acute Psychiatric Ward”. Current Addiction Research, vol. 8, no. 1, 2024, pp. 13-19.
Vancouver Ergelen M, Beşikci Keleş D, Yalçın M, Yerebakan M, Öcek Baş T, Sönmez Güngör E, Genç D, Metin M, Kayacan A. Implementation of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Patients with Severe Mental Illness Isolated in a COVID-19 Specific Acute Psychiatric Ward. Current Addiction Research. 2024;8(1):13-9.