Use of Standardized patient in Nursing Education: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Nursing students’ education begins in the classroom prior to clinical training. The use of standardized patient during the education process is an alternative to traditional teaching methods. By enhancing the interaction between classroom and clinics, standardized patients in nursing education may contribute to the learning process by providing a realistic clinical learning experience in the classroom prior to actual clinical education. This systematic review was intended to investigate the studies that have evaluated the outcomes of standardized patient use in nursing education. A literature review was conducted by searching the databases of “CINAHL Plus”, “Medline”, “Health Source: Nurse/Academic Edition ( EBSCO host)”, “Sciences Direct“ and “Google Scholar” through 573 articles. Articles were selected from a pile of full text studies that were written in Turkish or English, released in the last decade (January, 2015 – April, 2015) and found by entering the keywords of “simulated patients”, “standardized patients”, “nursing education”, “simulated patients in nursing” and “standardized patients in nursing”. Of these studies, 22 matching the research criteria were included in this study. A systematic review was carried out according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. The selected studies were divided into two groups of which one group evaluated the cognitive abilities and the other evaluated the psychomotor skills of the students. Selected articles were assigned to be used in experimental, quasi-experimental, descriptive and mixed research designs. In 7 of the studies, it has been determined that training with a standardized patient helps students to acquire communication skills. In addition, 7 of the studies reported an increase in students’ satisfaction, self-efficacy, and self-confidence levels after training with a standardized patient. Students evaluated the use of standardized patient in nursing education as a beneficial and positive experience as it provides a realistic case presentation. Although training with standardized patients in nursing education can be expensive and time consuming, it is considered an effective teaching method that contributes to students’ satisfaction, self-efficacy and self-confidence, and improves their communication and motor skills.

Keywords

• standardized patient,
• nursing education,
• systematic review

Hemşirelik Eğitiminde Standardize Hasta Kullanımı: Sistematik İnceleme

Öz

Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin beceri öğretimi sınıfta başlayıp klinik uygulamayla devam eden bir süreci kapsar. Bu eğitim sürecinde Standardize hasta kullanımı geleneksel öğretim yöntemlerine alternatif olan bir yaklaşımdır. Standardize hasta kullanımı sınıfla klinik arasındaki engeli kaldırarak, öğrencinin gerçek klinik ortama gitmeden önce sınıf ortamında gerçekçi bir klinik öğrenme deneyimini yaşayarak öğrenmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu sistematik inceleme, hemşirelik eğitiminde standardize hasta kullanımının sonuçlarını değerlendiren çalışmaları sistematik olarak incelemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini Aralık 2014 -Nisan 2015 tarihinde “CINAHL Plus”, “Medline”, “Health Source: Nurse/Academic Edition( EBSCO host)” “Sciences Direct “ veri tabanları ile “Google Scholar” kaynaklarından taranarak ulaşılan 573 makale oluşturmuştur. İnceleme “Simulated Patients”, Standardized Patients”,“ “nursing education” ,“Simulated Patients in nursing” ve “Standardized Patients in nursing” anahtar kelimeleriyle son on yılda yayınlanmış (Ocak 2005- Nisan 2015), yayın dili Türkçe ya da İngilizce olan ve tam metni bulunan makaleler seçilmiştir. Bu makalelerden araştırma kriterlerini karşılayan toplam 23 çalışma incelemenin örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Hemşirelik eğitiminde standardize hasta kullanımına ilişkin çalışmaların sistematik incelemesi, bilişsel becerileri ve psikomotor becerileri değerlendiren araştırmalar olarak iki grup altında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen makalelerde deneysel, yarı deneysel ve tanımlayıcı ve mix araştırma tasarımlarının kullanıldığı saptanmıştır. Araştırmaların 8’inde, iletişim becerilerinin kazandırılmasında standardize hasta ile eğitimin etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca 7 araştırmada da standardize hasta ile eğitimden sonra öğrencilerin, memnuniyeti, öz etkililik ve öz güven düzeylerinde artma saptanmıştır. Öğrenciler standardize hasta ile çalışmayı gerçekçi vaka sunumu nedeniyle yararlı ve olumlu deneyim olarak algılamışlardır. Hemşirelik eğitiminde standardize hasta ile çalışma pahalı ve zaman alıcı bir eğitim yöntemi olmasına karşın öğrenciye iletişim ve motor becerilerinin kazandırmasının yanı sıra öğrenci memnuniyeti, öz etkililik ve öz güvenin de gelişmesine katkı sağlayan bir öğrenme yöntemi olduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Standardize hasta,
• hemşirelik eğitimi,
• sistematik inceleme

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