AMELİYAT SONRASI BULANTI VE KUSMANIN YÖNETİMİNDE AROMATERAPİNİN ETKİSİNİ DEĞERLENDİREN ÇALIŞMALARIN İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Bulantı ve kusma cerrahi hastalarında ameliyat sonrası dönemde sık görülen komplikasyonlardan biridir. Aromaterapinin bulantı ve kusmayı önlemekte etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı ameliyat sonrası dönemde bulantı ve kusma yönetiminde aromaterapinin etkisini değerlendiren çalışmaların incelenmesidir. Literatür taraması CINAHL Plus, Medline, Clinical Keys, Sciences Direct ve Google Scholar taranarak yapılmıştır. Taramada “postoperative term”, “nausea”, “vomiting”, “aromatherapy”, “aromatherapy use”, “aromatherapy oils” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılmıştır. Tarama sonucunda dâhil edilme kriterlerine uygun 14 araştırma derleme kapsamına alınmıştır. Çalışmalarda aromaterapi inhalasyon veya oral yolla uygulanmıştır. Çalışmalarda en çok kullanılan bitki zencefil olup bahçe nanesi, kakule, kıvırcık nane, lavanta, gül, adaçayı gibi bitkiler tek başına veya karışım halinde kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaların tümünde aromaterapi etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesinde “Görsel Analog Bulantı-Kusma Skalası” kullanılmıştır. Literatür taramasında aromaterapinin hastaların ameliyat sonrası dönemde bulantı ve kusma oranı ve antiemetik ilaç gereksinimini azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Ameliyat sonrası dönemde özellikle zencefil, nane ve lavantanın tek başına veya karışım şeklinde kullanıldığında hastalarda bulantı ve kusma görülme oranını azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda ameliyat sonrası dönemde hastalarda bulantı ve kusmanın önlenmesinde aromaterapinin kullanılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aromaterapi
• ameliyat sonrası bulantı
• ameliyat sonrası kusma
• hemşirelik bakımı

REVIEW OF STUDIES EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF AROMATHERAPY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING

Abstract

Nausea and vomiting are common complications in the postoperative period in surgical patients. It is known that aromatherapy are effective in preventing nausea and vomiting. The aim of this review is to scan the studies evaluating the effect of aromatherapy on the management of nausea and vomiting in the postoperative term. Literature search was done by scanning CINAHL Plus, Medline, Clinical Keys, Sciences Direct and Google Scholar. The keywords of “postoperative term”, “nausea”, “vomiting”, “aromatherapy”, “aromatherapy use”, “aromatherapy oils” were used to scan. As a result of the screening, 14 studies in accordance with the inclusion criteria were included in the scope of the review. In studies, aromatherapy was applied by inhalation or orally. The most used plant in the studies was ginger, and it was used separately or as a mixture in herbs such as garden mint, cardamom, curly mint, lavender, rose, sage. In all studies the effectiveness of the aromatherapy were assessed by using “Visual Analog Nausea-Vomiting Scale”. In the literature review, it was determined that aromatherapy reduces the rate of nausea and vomiting and the need for antiemetics medication in the postoperative. It was determined that aromatherapy decreased nausea and vomiting prevalence during postoperative term when particularly ginger, peppermint and lavender are used separately or together as a mixture. As a result of the review, it is recommended to use aromatherapy to prevent nausea and vomiting in patients in the postoperative period.

Keywords

• Aromatherapy
• postoperative nausea
• postoperative vomiting
• nursing care

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