Preparation A Cross-Linked Copolymer By Using Unsaturated Poly(2-Butene Maleate) Polyester and Methyl Methacrylate

Abstract

In this study, synthesis of unsaturated Poly(2-Butene Maleate) polyester by condensation polymerization and preparation of cross-linked graft copolymer with methyl methacrylate are presented. For this purpose, unsaturated polyesters were synthesized in four different time periods (12h, 24h, 36h, 48h) in the presence of hydroquinone using 1,4-Butanediol-2-ene and maleic anhydride. Then, the obtained unsaturated polyester was purified on the alumina column and used to obtain cross-linked copolymer with methyl methacrylate. Here in, methyl methacrylate acts as both co-monomer and cross-linking agent. In the preparation of Poly(2-Butene Maleate), the optimization study of the molecular weight and yield ratios with the time parameter was carried out. In the results obtained, it was observed that the maximum molecular weight was reached after almost 36 hours (Mn=3400). It was observed that time did not have much effect on the yield. Structural characterizations of the obtained products were supported by FT-IR and NMR analyzes. In thermal analysis, it was observed that the thermal stability of Cross-linked graft copolymer is higher than unsaturated polyester but lower than pure Poly(methyl methacrylate).

Keywords

• Cross-linked
• Graft
• Methyl methacrylate
• Unsaturated polyester

References

1. YZ. 2020. High-Efficiency Hydrolysis of Thermosetting Polyester Resins into Porous Functional Materials Using Low-Boiling Aqueous Solvents. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering; 8(42): 16010–16019.
2. [2]. Ikladious, N, Shukry, N, El-Kalyoubi, S, Asaad, J, Mansour, S, Tawfik, S, Abou-Zeid, R. 2017. Eco-friendly composites based on peanut shell powder / unsaturated polyester resin. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications; 233(5): 955-964.
3. [3]. Zhang, H, Zhang, G, Han, F, Zhang, Z, Lv, W. 2018. A lab study to develop a bridge deck pavement using bisphenol A unsaturated polyester resin modified asphalt mixture. Construction and Building Materials; 159: 83–98.
4. [4]. Rajaee, P, Ashenai Ghasemi, F, Fasihi, M, Saberian, M. 2019. Effect of styrene-butadiene rubber and fumed silica nano-filler on the microstructure and mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester resin. Composites Part B: Engineering; 173: 106803.
5. [5]. Dave, PN, Khosla, E. Fundamentals, Design, Fabrication, and Applications. Blends, Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, and Gels of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Polymers With Other Polymers, Unsaturated Polyester Resins, Chapter 6, 2019, pp 153–172.
6. [6]. Abral, H, Fajrul, R, Mahardika, M, Handayani, D, Sugiarti, E, Muslimin, AN, Rosanti, SD. 2019. Improving impact, tensile and thermal properties of thermoset unsaturated polyester via mixing with thermoset vinyl ester and methyl methacrylate. Polymer Testing; 81: 106193.
7. [7]. Sassmann, PB, Weichold, O. 2021. Synergistic effects in cross-linked blends of ion-conducting PEO-/PPO-based unsaturated polyesters. Ionics; 27(9): 3857–3867.
8. [8]. Sassmann, PB, Weichold, O. 2019. Preparation and characterisation of ion-conductive unsaturated polyester resins for the on-site production of resistivity sensors. Ionics; 25: 3971-3978.

9. [9]. Kakati, N, Assanvo, EF, Kalita, D. 2019. Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Unsaturated Polyester Blends of Resins and Its Application on Non-woven/Fabric Jute Fibers Reinforced Composites. Journal of Polymes and Environment; 27: 2540–2548.
10. [10]. Bhagia, S, Bornani, K, Ozcan, S, Ragauskas, AJ. 2021. Terephthalic Acid Copolyesters Containing Tetramethylcyclobutanediol for High‐Performance Plastics. ChemistryOpen; 10(8): 830–841.
11. [11]. Jeemol, PA, Mathew, S, Nair, CPR. 2021. Itaconimide telechelics of polyethers, synthesis, and their impact on mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester resins. Polymers for Advanced Technologies; 32(4): 1727–1741.
12. [12]. Wang, D, Chen, S, Zhao, J, Zhang, Z. 2020. Synthesis and characterization of self-healing cross-linked non-isocyanate polyurethanes based on Diels-Alder reaction with unsaturated polyester. Materials Today Communications; 23: 101138.
13. [13]. Chen, T, Liu, W. 2019. Highly Unsaturated Microcrystalline Cellulose and its Crosslinked Soybean Oil-based Thermoset Composites. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering; 7(1): 1796-1805.
14. [14]. Dai, J, Ma, S, Teng, N, Dai, X, Shen, X, Wang, S, Liu, X, Zhu, J. 2017. 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid- and Itaconic Acid-Derived Fully Biobased Unsaturated Polyesters and Their Cross-Linked Networks. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research; 56(10): 2650–2657.
15. [15] Ahmadi, Sh. 2020. Phenol Novalac Epoxy-modified unsaturated polyester hybrid networks by Silica Nanoparticles/ and Cross linking with Silane Compounds. Advances in Applied Nano-Bio Technologies; 1(2): 28-32.
16. [16].Hato, MJ, Ray, SS, Luyt, AS. 2010. The Thermal and Rheological Properties of POSS-Containing Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanocomposites. Advanced Science Letter; 3: 1-7.
17. [17].Gornicka, B, Sieradzka, K. 2009. Barrier properties of impregnating varnishes with nanosilica. Journal of Physics: Conference Series; 146: 012016.