A Study on the Deformation Behavior of AA7075 Powder with Three-Dimensional Ball Mill

Abstract

Aluminum-based composite materials are frequently preferred in many new-generation engineering applications due to their high strength, wear and corrosion resistance, improvement of mechanical properties, machinability, and low density. Mechanical alloying has an important place in the production of composites with high properties in powder metallurgy, which is one of the composite material production methods. In this study, the deformation of AA7075 powder was investigated with a three-dimensional ball mill designed and produced for use in mechanical alloying processes. Three different rotational speeds (150, 200, 250 RPM), three different b all to powder ratios (1:5, 1:10, 1:20) and three different milling times (30, 60, 90 min) in the milling processes. Deformations in the powders were evaluated by particle size analysis and powder structure examination. The obtained results were analyzed with analysis of variance, regression method, three-dimensional graphics, optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope images. When the results are examined, the maximum deformation and powder size among the selected experimental parameters were realized at 150 RPM rotational speed, 1:20 ball to powder ratio, and 90 min.

Keywords

• Powder Metallurgy
• AA7075
• Three-Dimensional Ball Mill.

Supporting Institution

Gazi University Scientific Research Projects

Project Number

07/2019-26

References

1. Panwar, N., Chauhan, A., 2018. Fabrication methods of particulate reinforced Aluminium metal matrix composite-A review, Materials Today: Proceedings. 5(2): 5933–5939.
2. Sharma, A.K., Bhandari, R., Aherwar, A., Rimašauskiene, R. Pinca-Bretotean, C., 2020. A study of advancement in application opportunities of aluminum metal matrix composites. in: Mater. Today Proc., Elsevier, pp. 2419–2424.
3. Imran, M, Khan, A.R.A., 2019. Characterization of Al-7075 metal matrix composites: A review, Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 8(3): 3347–3356.
4. Kaczmar, J.W., Pietrzak, K., Wlosiński, W., 2000. Production and application of metal matrix composite materials, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 106(1–3): 58–67.
5. Balokhonov, R., Romanova, V., Kulkov, A., 2020. Microstructure-based analysis of deformation and fracture in metal-matrix composite materials, Engineering Failure Analysis. 110 104412.
6. Hao, X.N., Zhang, H.P., Zheng, R.X., Zhang, Y.T., Ameyama, K., Ma, C.L., 2014. Effect of mechanical alloying time and rotation speed on evolution of CNTs/Al-2024 composite powders, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China(English Edition). 24(7): 2380–2386.
7. Pérez-Bustamante, R., Pérez-Bustamante, F., Estrada-Guel, I., Licea-Jiménez, L., Miki-Yoshida, M., Martínez-Sánchez, R., 1970. Effect of milling time and CNT concentration on hardness of CNT/Al2024 composites produced by mechanical alloying, Materials Characterization. 75 13–19.
8. Karabulut, H, Türkmen, M., 2017. Effect of the amount of Si and aging durations in Al2024-Si alloyed composites produced by powder metallurgy method, Omer Halisdemir University Journal of Engineering Sciences. 6(1): 226–231.

9. Suryanarayana, C., 2001. Mechanical alloying and milling, Progress in Materials Science. 46(1–2): 1–184.
10. Ağaoğulları, D., Balcı, Ö., Öveçoğlu, M.L., 2017. Effect of milling type on the microstructural and mechanical properties of W-Ni-ZrC-Y2O3 composites, Ceramics International. 43(9): 7106–7114.
11. Concas, A., Lai, N., Pisu, M., Cao, G., 2006. Modelling of comminution processes in Spex Mixer/Mill, Chemical Engineering Science. 61(11): 3746–3760.
12. Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi, R., Abdellahi, M., Bahmanpour, M., 2015. Self-ignited synthesis of nanocomposite powders induced by Spex mills; modeling and optimizing, Ceramics International. 41(2): 3137–3151.
13. Alam, M.A., Ya, H.H., Azeem, M., Hussain, P. Bin, Salit, M.S. bin, Khan, R., et al., 2020. Modelling and optimisation of hardness behaviour of sintered Al/SiC composites using RSM and ANN: A comparative study, Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 9(6): 14036–14050.
14. Bor, A., Jargalsaikhan, B., Uranchimeg, K., Lee, J., Choi, H., 2021. Particle morphology control of metal powder with various experimental conditions using ball milling, Powder Technology. 394 181–190.
15. Morsi, K, Esawi, A., 2007. Effect of mechanical alloying time and carbon nanotube(CNT) content on the evolution of aluminum (Al)-CNT composite powders, Journal of Materials Science. 42(13): 4954–4959.
16. Canakci, A., Varol, T., Erdemir, F., 2016. The Effect of Flake Powder Metallurgy on the Microstructure and Densification Behavior of B4C Nanoparticle-Reinforced Al–Cu–Mg Alloy Matrix Nanocomposites, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 41(5): 1781–1796.
17. Almotairy, S.M., Boostani, A.F., Hassani, M., Wei, D., Jiang, Z.Y., 2020. Effect of hot isostatic pressing on the mechanical properties of aluminium metal matrix nanocomposites produced by dual speed ball milling, Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 9(2): 1151–1161.
18. Aksöz, S., Özdemir, A.T., Bostan, B., 2013. Alloyed AA2014 aluminium powders synthesized with carbon and determined properties, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University. 27(1): 109–115.
19. Gökmese, H, Bostan, B., 2014. Microstructural characterization and synthesis by mechanochemical method of nano particle Al2O3/B4C ceramic phase, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University. 29(2): 289–297.
20. Şimşek, İ., Yıldırım, M., Tunçay, T., Özyürek, D., Şimşek, D., 2018. An investigation of Al-SiC composites produced by mechanical alloying/mechanical milling method, Technological Applied Sciences. 13(2): 165–171.
21. Pickens, J.R., 1981. Aluminium powder metallurgy technology for high-strength applications, Journal of Materials Science. 16(6): 1437–1457.
22. Yu, J., Yang, S., Kim, J., Lee, Y., Lim, K.T., Kim, S., et al., 2020. A confidence interval-based process optimization method using second-order polynomial regression analysis, Processes. 8(10): 1206.
23. Costantino, U., Nocchetti, M., Gorrasi, G., Tammaro, L., 2011. Hydrotalcites in nanobiocomposites. in: Multifunct. Nanoreinforced Polym. Food Packag., Elsevier, pp. 43–85.
24. Surrya Prakash, D., Mariappan, R., Viswanathan Anand, J., Jana Sundar, D., Dinesh, K., 2018. A review on latest development of aluminium alloy metal matrix composite through powder metallurgy route, International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development. 2018 (Special Is): 235–241.
25. Pakdel, A., Witecka, A., Rydzek, G., Awang Shri, D.N., 2017. A comprehensive microstructural analysis of Al–WC micro- and nano-composites prepared by spark plasma sintering, Materials and Design. 119 225–234.
26. Simon, A., Lipusz, D., Baumli, P., Balint, P., Kaptay, G., Gergely, G., et al., 2015. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-WC composites, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 60(2): 1517–1521.
27. Devi Chinta, N., Selvaraj, N., Mahesh, V., 2016. Characterization of aluminium-red mud-tungsten carbide hybrid metal matrix composite. in: Int. Conf. Electr. Electron. Optim. Tech. ICEEOT 2016, IEEE, pp. 3722–3725.
28. Evirgen, A, Öveçoğlu, M.L., 2010. Characterization investigations of a mechanically alloyed and sintered Al–2wt%Cu alloy reinforced with WC particles, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 496(1–2): 212–217.
29. Gnanasundarajayaraja, B, Selvakumar, N., 2005. Effect of WC Content in Aluminium Metal Matrix Sintered Powder Composites, European Journal of Scientific. 10(3): 42–47.
30. Razavi, M, Mobasherpour, I., 2014. Production of aluminum nano-composite reinforced by tungsten carbide particles via mechanical milling and subsequent hot pressing, International Journal of Materials Research. 105(11): 1103–1110.
31. Bartolucci, S.F., Paras, J., Rafiee, M.A., Rafiee, J., Lee, S., Kapoor, D., et al., 2011. Graphene-aluminum nanocomposites, Materials Science and Engineering A. 528(27): 7933–7937.
32. Kumar, H.G.G.P, Xavior, M.A., 2017. Assessment of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Al 2024- SiC - Graphene Hybrid Composites. in: Procedia Eng., Elsevier, pp. 992–999.
33. Anthony Xavior, M., Prashantha Kumar, H.G., Ajith Kumar, K., 2018. Tribological studies on AA 2024 -Graphene/CNT Nanocomposites processed through Powder Metallurgy. in: Mater. Today Proc., Elsevier, pp. 6588–6596.
34. Yang, W., Zhao, Q., Xin, L., Qiao, J., Zou, J., Shao, P., et al., 2018. Microstructure and mechanical properties of graphene nanoplates reinforced pure Al matrix composites prepared by pressure infiltration method, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 732 748–758.
35. 3D Ball Mill (3D Reactor https://www.nagaosystem.co.jp/商品ラインナップ/ (acessed at 25.09.2021)
36. Nagaosystem https://www.nagaosystem.co.jp/ (acessed at 25.09.2021)
37. Samtaş, G, Korucu, S., 2019. Optimization of cutting parameters for surface roughness in milling of cryogenic treated EN AW 5754 (AlMg3) aluminum alloy, Journal of Polytechnic. 22(3): 665–673.
38. Samtaş, G, Korucu, S., 2019. The Optimization of Cutting Parameters Using Taguchi Method in Milling of Tempered Aluminum 5754 Alloy, Düzce University Journal of Science and Technology. 7 45–60.