Radiological Properties of Some Chemotherapy Drugs for Electron, Proton and Carbon Ion Interactions in the Energy Region 10 keV – 400 MeV

Abstract

Radiological properties of some chemotherapy drugs such as Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Teniposide, Azathioprine, Etoposide, Cyclophosphamide, Vinblastine, Bleomycin were investigated according to total electron interaction and some heavy charged particle interactions on behalf of effective atomic numbers (Zeff) and electron densities (Neff) for the first time. Calculations were performed for total electron, proton and C ion interactions, commonly used in therapy, in the energy region 10 keV- 400 MeV. Variation of Zeffs and Neffs of given drugs was studied according to energy of electron or heavy charged particles and significant variations were observed for all types of interaction in the given energy region. The highest values of Zeff were found in the different regions of energy for different particle interactions remarkably and variation in Neff seems approximately to be same with alteration in Zeff for the investigated drugs. Also, Zeff values of all drugs were plotted together and compared with each other for electron, proton and C ion interactions in the continuous energy region. Maximum and minimum values of Zeff were observed in Azathioprine (6.14) and Vinblastine (2.25) for electron interaction and proton interaction in the continuous energy region, respectively. The obtained results were compared with the Phy-X/ZeXTRa program between 10 keV-15 MeV energy region.

Keywords

• Charged particles
• chemotherapy drugs
• effective atomic number
• electron density

References

1. Referans1 Barth, W., Dahl, L., Glatz, J., Groening, L., Richter, S. and Yaramishev, S. Proceedings of the European Workshop on Beam Diagnostics and Instrumentation for Particle Accelerators, Mainz, Germany, 2003, pp 161-163.
2. Referans2 Hine, G.J. 1952. The effective atomic numbers of materials for various gamma interactions. Physical Review; 85: 725-728.
3. Referans3 Kurudirek, M. and Onaran, T. 2015. Calculation of effective atomic number and electron density of essential biomolecules for electron, proton, alpha particle and multi-energetic photon interactions. Radiation Physics and Chemistry; 112: 125-138.
4. Referans4 Gounhalli, S.G., Shantappa, A. and Hanagodimath, S.M. 2012. Studies on mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic numbers and electron densities of some narcotic drugs in the energy range 1 keV -100 GeV. Journal of Applied Physics; 2: 40-48.
5. Referans5 Manjunath, A. and Kerur, B.R. 2015. Studies of pharmaceutical active ingredients in drugs through radiological parameters. Physical Science International Journal; 7: 186-191.
6. Referans6 Ekinci, N., Kavaz, E. and Özdemir, Y. 2014. A study of the energy absorption and exposure buildup factors of some anti-inflammatory drugs. Applied Radiation and Isotopes; 90: 265-273.
7. Referans7 Kavaz, E., Ahmedishadbad, N. and Özdemir Y. 2015. Photon buildup factors of some chemotherapy drugs. Biomed Pharmacother; 69: 34-41.
8. Referans8 Büyükyıldız, M. 2017. Investigation of radiological properties of some shielding materials on charged and uncharged radiation interaction for neutron generator. Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids; 172 (1-2): 1-19.

9. Referans9 Kurudirek, M. 2014. Radiation shielding and effective atomic number studies in different types of shielding concretes, lead base and non-lead base glass systems for total electron interaction: A comparative study. Nuclear Engineering and Design; 280: 440-448.
10. Referans10 Kurudirek, M. 2014. Effective atomic numbers of different types of materials for proton interaction in the energy region 1 keV–10 GeV. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B; 336: 130-134.
11. Referans11 Kurudirek, M. 2015. Studies on heavy charged particle interaction, water equivalence and Monte Carlo simulation in some gel dosimeters, water, human tissues and water phantoms. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A; 795: 239-252.
12. Referans12 Kurudirek, M. 2016. Effective atomic number, energy loss and radiation damage studies in some materials commonly used in nuclear applications for heavy charged particles such as H, C, Mg, Fe, Te, Pb and U. Radiation Physics and Chemistry; 122: 15-23.
13. Referans13 Berger, M.J., Coursey, J.S., Zucker, M.A. and Chang, J. 2005. “ESTAR, PSTAR and ASTAR: Computer program for calculating stopping power and range tables for Electron, Proton and Helium ions (version 1.2.3)”, https://dx.doi.org/10.18434/T4NC7P (Online) available: http://physics.nist.gov/Star. (accessed at 20.03.2022) National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. Originally published as: Berger MJ, NISTIR 4999, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (1993).
14. Referans14 Ziegler, J.F., Ziegler, M.D. and Biersack, J.P. 2010. SRIM – The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B; 268: 1818–1823.
15. Referans15 Özpolat, Ö.F., Alım, B., Şakar, E., Büyükyıldız, M., Kurudirek, M. 2020. Phy-X/ZeXTRa: a software for robust calculation of effective atomic numbers for photon, electron, proton, alpha particle, and carbon ion interactions. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics; 59(2): 321-329.