Fungal ve Arkeal Kaynaklı Lipazların Eldesi, Aktivitelerinin Kıyaslanması ve Kağıt Üretiminde Kullanımı

Abstract

Lipaz, gıda teknolojisi, klinik ve endüstriyel kimya gibi birçok biyoteknolojik alanda yaygın olarak kullanılan bir enzimdir. Endüstriyel alanda kullanılan lipazların çoğu funguslardan elde edilir. Bu enzimler ticari olarak satılmaya uygun olup saflaştırılır ve immobilize hale getirilir. Ancak tüm bu işlemler ürünün maliyetini arttırdığından son ürün haline dönüşen lipaz enzimi oldukça pahalıdır. Kağıt üretiminde karşılaşılan problemlerin en önemlilerinden biri odun ekstraktiflerinin kağıt hamuru ve kağıtta kaliteyi düşürmesi ve atık sularda toksisite oluşturmasıdır. Bu yapışkan bileşiklerden biyolojik yolla kurtulmak amacıyla lipaz enzimi kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada, çürükçül bir fungus olan Phanerochaete chrysosporium ile bir halofilik arke olan Haloarcula hispanica’dan elde edilen ekstraselüler lipazların aktivite tayini yapılmış ve geri dönüşümlü karton üretimi proseslerinden alınan kağıt hamuru numunelerine uygulanmıştır. Aseton ekstraksiyonuna tabi tutulan kağıt hamuru numunelerine nem analizi yapıldıktan sonra lipaz eklenmiştir. Hidrolizi daha detaylı ölçmek amacıyla asit değeri analizi yapılarak serbest yağ asidi miktarını belirlemek amacıyla gaz kromatografi uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, P. chrysosporium ve H. hispanica’dan düşük maliyetle elde edilen lipaz enzimlerinin herhangi bir saflaştırma veya immobilizasyon yapılmaksızın aktivite gösterdiğini ve lipofilik bileşiklerin hidrolizinde etkin biçimde kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Haloarcula hispanica,Kağıt hamuru,Lipaz,Lipofilik bileşiklerin hidrolizi,Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Production of Fungal and Archaeal Lipases, Comparison of their Enzymatic Activities and Utilization in Paper Production

Abstract

Lipases are used extensively in biotechnological fields such as food technology, clinical and industrial chemistry. Many industrially used lipases are prepared from fungi. Hence, their consideration as industrially relevant enzymes includes purification and immobilization processes which means an increase in the price of the final product. One of the most important problems in paper production is wood extractives so-called pitch that cause low quality pulp and paper, and create waste water toxicity. Lipase could be used for the hydrolysis of those sticky compounds as a biological approach. In this study, extracellular lipases of a fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium and a halophilic archaeon Haloarcula hispanica were used in pitch component and sticky material degradation in recycled paper production in comparison with controls. Acetone extraction was applied on the samples. After the determination of the enzyme activity lipases were added to the pulp samples. The amount of free fatty acids were determined by acid value analysis in order to get a better quantification of the hydrolysis. Also gas chromatography was applied. The results demonstrated that P. chrysosporium and H. hispanica extracellular lipases have substantially high enzyme activity without any purification or immobilization processes and can be efficiently used for the hydrolysis of lipophilic compounds in an environmentally friendly approach.

Keywords

• Haloarcula hispanica,Hydrolysis of lipophilic compounds,Lipase,Paper pulp,Phanerochaete chrysosporium

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