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Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21

Year 2022, , 95 - 105, 25.03.2022

Çinel Köksal Karayıldırım , Adem Güner , Gürkan Yiğittürk , Altuğ Yavaşoğlu , Ülkü Karabay

https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203

Abstract

The use of nutritional supplements has grown conspicuously over the last decades. The present study aimed to design, develop, and optimize the toxicological and biological procedures to perform the quantitative determination of botanical dietary supplement KL21. The concentrations of phenolics in KL21 were 11.90 and 258.58 mg for ethanol, 3.58 and 86.42 mg for methanol extract, respectively. Carvacrol is a major component of the extracts according to GC-MS analysis. DPPH activity of methanol extract was higher than that of the ethanol extract. Both extracts showed similar relative antioxidant activity according to ABTS+ assay. Only methanol extract exhibited antimicrobial activity. KL21 ethanol extract exhibited inhibitory activity with 50 % growth inhibitory concentration of 92.09, 95.47 and 44 μg/mL on MCF-7, HeLa and HEK-293 cells respectively. KL21 demonstrated no mutagenic activity with the Salmonella strains. The in vivo toxicity test results indicated that KL21 had no significant adverse effects. Dose-depended KL21 treatment seemed nontoxic due to biochemical, hematological values. No histological damage in the liver was observed in the tissues. These results suggested that KL21 polyherbal formulation is a naturel source of antioxidant with antimicrobial activities and has therapeutic potential in a safe range.

Keywords

Antioxidant activity Biochemical and hematological analyses Dietary supplement Phenolic and flavonoid contents Toxicity

Supporting Institution

Ege University, Faculty of Science

Project Number

2012/FEN/067

References

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  • 2. Bansal, A., Chhabra, A., Rawal, K.R., Sharma, S., Chemometrics: A new scenario in herbal drug standardization, Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2014, Vol. 4, pp. 223-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2013.12.001.
  • 3. Arsul, A.V., Ganjiwale RO, Yeole PG. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Standardisation of Polyherbal Tablets for Hepatoprotective Activity Against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, 2010, 2(4), pp. 265-268.
  • 4. Oh, J.S., Cho, H.J., Son, G.C., Systematic review of the incidence of herbal drug-induced liver injury in Korea, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015, 15, 159, pp. 253-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.027
  • 5. Kleinwächter, M., Paulsen, J., Bloem, E., Schnug, E., Dirk, Selmar., Moderate drought and signal transducer induced biosynthesis of relevant secondary metabolites in thyme (Thymus vulgaris) greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum), Industrial Crops and Products, 2015, 64, pp. 158-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.10.062
  • 6. Meda, A., Lamien, C.E., Romito, M., Millogo, J., Nacoulma, O.G., Determination of the total phenolic, flavonoid and praline contents in Burkina Fasan honey, as well as their radical scavenging activity, Food Chemistry, 2005, Vol. 91, 3, pp. 571-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.10.006
  • 7. Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H.M., Chern, J.C., Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods, Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 2002, Vol.10, no.3, pp. 178-182.
  • 8. Mosmann, T., Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays, J. Immunol. Methods, 1983, 65(1-2), pp. 55-63. http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
  • 9. OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals No: 471. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test, 1997, pp.1-11.
  • 10. Zimmermann, M., Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals, Pain, 1983, 16 (2), pp. 109-110 http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(83)90201-4
  • 11. OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals No: 425. Acute Oral Toxicity – Up-and-Down-Procedure (UDP), 2008, pp. 1-27.
  • 12. OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals No: 407. Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents, 1995, pp. 1-13.
  • 13. Skalli, S. and Bencheikh, S.R., Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines in Africa: Questionnaire study, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015, 171, pp. 99-108 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.033
  • 14. Yang, Y., Zhang, Z., Li, S., Ye, X., Li, X., He, K., Synergy effects of herb extracts: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic basis, Fitoterapia, 2014, 92, 133-147 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.10.010
  • 15. Govindaraghavan, S. and Sucher, J.N., Quality assessment of medicinal herbs and their extracts: Criteria and prerequisites for consistent safety and efficacy of herbal medicines, Epilepsy & Behavior Case Reports, 2015, 52, pp. http://doi.org/363-371. 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.03.004.
  • 16. Ince, I., Kayalar, H., Elgin, G., Koksal, C., Yavasoglu, N.U., Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and acute toxicity of the polyherbal formulation: Romix®, Pharmaceutical Biology, 2012, 50(6), pp. 720-726 http://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2011.622287
  • 17. Wang, S., Zheng, Z., Weng, Y., Yu Y., Zhang, D., Fan W., Dai R., Hu Z., Angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis activity of Chinese medicinal herbal extracts, Life Sciences, 2004, 74(20), pp. 2467-2478 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.03.005
  • 18. Gahlaut, A., Chhillar, K.A., Evalution of antibacterial potential of plant exracts using resazurin based microtiter dilution assay. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013, Vol.5(2), 376.
  • 19. Awodele, O., Akindele, A.J., Aniete, J., Adeyemi, O.O., Preliminary antimicrobial evaluation of DAS-77®- A polyherbal medicine, Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2013, 3 pp. 52-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2013.01.002
  • 20. Kelber, O., Wegener, T., Steinhoff, B., Staiger C., Wiesner J., Knöss W., Kraft K., Assessment of genotoxicity of herbal medicinal products: Application of the “bracketing and matrixing” concept using the example of Valerianae radix (valerian root), Phytomedicine, 2014, 21(8-9), pp. 1124–1129 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.003
  • 21. Li, D., Zang, R., Yang, T.S., Wanga, J., Wang, X., Cell-based high-throughput proliferation and cytotoxicity assays for screening traditional Chinese herbal medicines, Process Biochemistry, 2013, 48, pp. 517-524 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2013.02.005
  • 22. Shin, W.J., Park, J.H., Kwon, M., Son, G.C., Scientific evaluation of the chronic toxicity of the herbal medicine CGX in beagle dogs. Daejeon: Elsevier, 2010,48(2), pp. 743-749 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.008
  • 23. Shin, S.I., Seo, S.C., Ha, K.H., Lee, Y.M., Huang, S.D., Huh I.J., Shin K.H., Genotoxicity assessment of Pyungwi-san (PWS), a traditional herbal prescription, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012, Vol. 133(2), pp. 696-703 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.050
  • 24. Ha, H., Lee, K.J., Lee, H.Y., Seo S.C., Kim, H.J., Lee, Y.M., Koh, S.W., Shin, K.H., Evaluation of safety of the herbal formula Ojeok-san: Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies in rats, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010, 131(2), pp. 410-416 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.011
  • 25. Mu, H.L., Huanga, X.Z., Liua, P., Hua, Y., Gao, Y., Acute and subchronic oral toxicity assessment of the herbal formula Kai-Xin-San, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011, 138(2), pp. 138-357 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.033
  • 26. Wills, J.P. and Asha, V.V., Acute and subacute toxicity studies of Lygodium flexuosum extracts in rats, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012, Vol.2(1), pp. 200-202 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60159-2
  • 27. Kim, J.Y.E., Chen, Y., Huang, J.Q., Li, M.K., Naumovski, R.V., Poon J., Chan K., Roufogalis, D.B., McLachlan, A., Mo, L.S., Yang, D., Yao, M., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Li, Q.G., Evidence-based toxicity evaluation and scheduling of Chinese herbal medicines, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013, 146(1), pp. 40-61 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.027

Year 2022, , 95 - 105, 25.03.2022

Çinel Köksal Karayıldırım , Adem Güner , Gürkan Yiğittürk , Altuğ Yavaşoğlu , Ülkü Karabay

https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203

Abstract

Project Number

2012/FEN/067

References

  • 1. Bae, W.J., Kim, D.H., Lee, W.W., Kim, Y.H., Son, C.G., Characterizing the human equivalent dose of herbal medicines in animal toxicity studies, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015, vol. 162, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.023
  • 2. Bansal, A., Chhabra, A., Rawal, K.R., Sharma, S., Chemometrics: A new scenario in herbal drug standardization, Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2014, Vol. 4, pp. 223-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2013.12.001.
  • 3. Arsul, A.V., Ganjiwale RO, Yeole PG. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Standardisation of Polyherbal Tablets for Hepatoprotective Activity Against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, 2010, 2(4), pp. 265-268.
  • 4. Oh, J.S., Cho, H.J., Son, G.C., Systematic review of the incidence of herbal drug-induced liver injury in Korea, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015, 15, 159, pp. 253-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.027
  • 5. Kleinwächter, M., Paulsen, J., Bloem, E., Schnug, E., Dirk, Selmar., Moderate drought and signal transducer induced biosynthesis of relevant secondary metabolites in thyme (Thymus vulgaris) greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum), Industrial Crops and Products, 2015, 64, pp. 158-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.10.062
  • 6. Meda, A., Lamien, C.E., Romito, M., Millogo, J., Nacoulma, O.G., Determination of the total phenolic, flavonoid and praline contents in Burkina Fasan honey, as well as their radical scavenging activity, Food Chemistry, 2005, Vol. 91, 3, pp. 571-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.10.006
  • 7. Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H.M., Chern, J.C., Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods, Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 2002, Vol.10, no.3, pp. 178-182.
  • 8. Mosmann, T., Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays, J. Immunol. Methods, 1983, 65(1-2), pp. 55-63. http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
  • 9. OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals No: 471. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test, 1997, pp.1-11.
  • 10. Zimmermann, M., Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals, Pain, 1983, 16 (2), pp. 109-110 http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(83)90201-4
  • 11. OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals No: 425. Acute Oral Toxicity – Up-and-Down-Procedure (UDP), 2008, pp. 1-27.
  • 12. OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals No: 407. Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents, 1995, pp. 1-13.
  • 13. Skalli, S. and Bencheikh, S.R., Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines in Africa: Questionnaire study, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015, 171, pp. 99-108 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.033
  • 14. Yang, Y., Zhang, Z., Li, S., Ye, X., Li, X., He, K., Synergy effects of herb extracts: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic basis, Fitoterapia, 2014, 92, 133-147 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.10.010
  • 15. Govindaraghavan, S. and Sucher, J.N., Quality assessment of medicinal herbs and their extracts: Criteria and prerequisites for consistent safety and efficacy of herbal medicines, Epilepsy & Behavior Case Reports, 2015, 52, pp. http://doi.org/363-371. 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.03.004.
  • 16. Ince, I., Kayalar, H., Elgin, G., Koksal, C., Yavasoglu, N.U., Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and acute toxicity of the polyherbal formulation: Romix®, Pharmaceutical Biology, 2012, 50(6), pp. 720-726 http://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2011.622287
  • 17. Wang, S., Zheng, Z., Weng, Y., Yu Y., Zhang, D., Fan W., Dai R., Hu Z., Angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis activity of Chinese medicinal herbal extracts, Life Sciences, 2004, 74(20), pp. 2467-2478 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.03.005
  • 18. Gahlaut, A., Chhillar, K.A., Evalution of antibacterial potential of plant exracts using resazurin based microtiter dilution assay. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013, Vol.5(2), 376.
  • 19. Awodele, O., Akindele, A.J., Aniete, J., Adeyemi, O.O., Preliminary antimicrobial evaluation of DAS-77®- A polyherbal medicine, Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2013, 3 pp. 52-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2013.01.002
  • 20. Kelber, O., Wegener, T., Steinhoff, B., Staiger C., Wiesner J., Knöss W., Kraft K., Assessment of genotoxicity of herbal medicinal products: Application of the “bracketing and matrixing” concept using the example of Valerianae radix (valerian root), Phytomedicine, 2014, 21(8-9), pp. 1124–1129 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.003
  • 21. Li, D., Zang, R., Yang, T.S., Wanga, J., Wang, X., Cell-based high-throughput proliferation and cytotoxicity assays for screening traditional Chinese herbal medicines, Process Biochemistry, 2013, 48, pp. 517-524 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2013.02.005
  • 22. Shin, W.J., Park, J.H., Kwon, M., Son, G.C., Scientific evaluation of the chronic toxicity of the herbal medicine CGX in beagle dogs. Daejeon: Elsevier, 2010,48(2), pp. 743-749 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.008
  • 23. Shin, S.I., Seo, S.C., Ha, K.H., Lee, Y.M., Huang, S.D., Huh I.J., Shin K.H., Genotoxicity assessment of Pyungwi-san (PWS), a traditional herbal prescription, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012, Vol. 133(2), pp. 696-703 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.050
  • 24. Ha, H., Lee, K.J., Lee, H.Y., Seo S.C., Kim, H.J., Lee, Y.M., Koh, S.W., Shin, K.H., Evaluation of safety of the herbal formula Ojeok-san: Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies in rats, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010, 131(2), pp. 410-416 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.011
  • 25. Mu, H.L., Huanga, X.Z., Liua, P., Hua, Y., Gao, Y., Acute and subchronic oral toxicity assessment of the herbal formula Kai-Xin-San, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011, 138(2), pp. 138-357 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.033
  • 26. Wills, J.P. and Asha, V.V., Acute and subacute toxicity studies of Lygodium flexuosum extracts in rats, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012, Vol.2(1), pp. 200-202 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60159-2
  • 27. Kim, J.Y.E., Chen, Y., Huang, J.Q., Li, M.K., Naumovski, R.V., Poon J., Chan K., Roufogalis, D.B., McLachlan, A., Mo, L.S., Yang, D., Yao, M., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Li, Q.G., Evidence-based toxicity evaluation and scheduling of Chinese herbal medicines, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013, 146(1), pp. 40-61 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.027
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Çinel Köksal Karayıldırım 0000-0002-8431-1230

Adem Güner 0000-0003-3295-3538

Gürkan Yiğittürk 0000-0002-5315-253X

Altuğ Yavaşoğlu 0000-0003-4227-1637

Ülkü Karabay 0000-0002-7483-0184

Project Number 2012/FEN/067
Publication Date March 25, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Köksal Karayıldırım, Ç., Güner, A., Yiğittürk, G., Yavaşoğlu, A., et al. (2022). Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(1), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203
AMA Köksal Karayıldırım Ç, Güner A, Yiğittürk G, Yavaşoğlu A, Karabay Ü. Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21. CBUJOS. March 2022;18(1):95-105. doi:10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203
Chicago Köksal Karayıldırım, Çinel, Adem Güner, Gürkan Yiğittürk, Altuğ Yavaşoğlu, and Ülkü Karabay. “Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 18, no. 1 (March 2022): 95-105. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203.
EndNote Köksal Karayıldırım Ç, Güner A, Yiğittürk G, Yavaşoğlu A, Karabay Ü (March 1, 2022) Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 18 1 95–105.
IEEE Ç. Köksal Karayıldırım, A. Güner, G. Yiğittürk, A. Yavaşoğlu, and Ü. Karabay, “Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21”, CBUJOS, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 95–105, 2022, doi: 10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203.
ISNAD Köksal Karayıldırım, Çinel et al. “Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 18/1 (March 2022), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203.
JAMA Köksal Karayıldırım Ç, Güner A, Yiğittürk G, Yavaşoğlu A, Karabay Ü. Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21. CBUJOS. 2022;18:95–105.
MLA Köksal Karayıldırım, Çinel et al. “Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 18, no. 1, 2022, pp. 95-105, doi:10.18466/cbayarfbe.957203.
Vancouver Köksal Karayıldırım Ç, Güner A, Yiğittürk G, Yavaşoğlu A, Karabay Ü. Phytochemistry, Biological Activity and Toxicity of Botanical Dietary Supplement: KL21. CBUJOS. 2022;18(1):95-105.