Application of Green Catalysts for the Esterification of Benzoic Acid with Different Alcohols

Year 2017, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 907 - 912, 29.12.2017

Emine Sert Ferhan S. Atalay

https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.370364

Cited By: 6

Abstract

In this study, three different catalysts
were applied as catalysts for esterification of benzoic acid with ethanol,
butanol and hexanol. These catalysts are ionic liquid, deep eutectic solvent,
ion exchange resin. Amberlyst 15, ion exchange resin, was used as control
catalyst to observe the catalytic activity of new generation solvent, deep
eutectic solvent. Deep eutectic solvents show the similar properties with ionic
liquids and have great attraction due to ease of preparation, low cost and
environmentally friendly nature. They have many advantages such as reusability,
stability, catalytically activity and removal of the reaction mixture. Deep
eutectic solvents (DES) are composed hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen
bond acceptor (HBA). It has lower freezing point than that of individual
constituents. In this study, p-toluene
sulfonic acid (p-TSA) was used as HBD, benzyl tri-ethyl ammonium chloride
(BTEAC) was used as HBA. DES formed by p-TSA and BTEAC was used as dual
solvent-catalyst for esterification of benzoic acid with different alcohols.
DES gave high catalytic activity among three different catalysts, 88.3, 87.8
and 67.5% conversion of benzoic acid for ethanol, butanol and hexanol,
respectively. The effects of time, temperature, alcohol type and catalyst type
were investigated in a batch reactor at specified conditions. It was found that
DES provided the simple, efficient and environmentally friendly method for the
synthesis of benzoic acid ester.

Keywords

benzoic acid, catalysis, deep eutectic solvent, esterification, ionic liquid, ion exchange resin

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