Bitki Tuz Stresi Etkilerine Karşı Geliştirdikleri Çeşitli Tolerans Stratejileri

Year 2011, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 47 - 66, 01.03.2011

Emel Yılmaz A. Levent Tuna Betül Bürün

Abstract

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Keywords

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BİTKİLERİN TUZ STRESİ ETKİLERİNE KARSI GELİSTİRDİKLERİ TOLERANS STRATEJİLERİ - TOLERANCE STRATEGIES DEVELOPED BY PLANTS TO THE EFFECTS OF SALT STRESS

Abstract

BİTKİLERİN TUZ STRESİ ETKİLERİNE KARSI GELİSTİRDİKLERİ TOLERANS STRATEJİLERİ

Tuzluluk, kurak ve yarı kurak alanları tehdit eden en önemli problemler arasındadır. Tarımsal
alanlarda tuzluluğun artması, toprağın yapısını bozmakta, bitkilerin ürün kalitesi ve verimliliğini önemli
ölçüde sınırlandırmaktadır. Tuz stresi, bitkilerde çesitli gelisim süreçlerinin yanında morfolojik, hücresel,
fizyolojik ve moleküler seviyede pek çok aksaklıklara neden olmaktadır. Bitkiler, tuz stresine yanıt olarak
çesitli tolerans stratejileri gelistirmektedir. Tuz stresine yanıt çerçevesinde, metabolizma yan ürünü olarak
olusan reaktif oksijen türlerini yok eden çesitli enzimatik olmayan antioksidanlar ile antioksidan enzimlerin
aktivitelerinin arttırılması, bitki büyüme düzenleyicilerinin ve ozmolit sentezinin tesvik edilmesi, fotosentetik
yolun değistirilmesi, gen ifadesi ve SOS yolu ile iyon alımının düzenlenmesi, stresle ilgili genlerin aktive
edilerek transkripsiyon faktörlerinin sentezlenmesi ve stres proteinlerinin üretiminin tesvik edilmesi önemli
tolerans stratejileridir. Bu derlemede, tuz stresinin etkileri ve tuzluluğa karsı bitkilerin gelistirdikleri tolerans
stratejileri tanıtılacaktır.

TOLERANCE STRATEGIES DEVELOPED BY PLANTS TO THE
EFFECTS OF SALT STRESS

Salinity is one of the major problems that threat arid and semi-arid areas. Increased salinity in
the agricultural areas disturbs the structure of soil, significantly limits product quality and productivity of
plants. Salt stress causes many problems at morphological, cellular, physiological and molecular levels and in
various development processes in plants. The plants develop various tolerance strategies in response to salt
stress. With in the context of salt stress, increasing non-enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant enzyme
activities scavenging ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) as a by product of metabolism, inducing osmolite
biosynthesis and various plant growth regulators, changing the way of the photosynthesis, regulating gene
expression and ion uptake via SOS pathway, and activating stress-related genes to promote the synthesis of
transcription factors and production of stress proteins are important tolerance strategies. In this review, the
effects of salt stress and tolerance strategies developed by plants to salinity are described.

Keywords

Tuz stresi, tuzluluk etkileri, bitki tolerans stratejileri

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• Geliş Tarihi: 10/03/2011
• Kabul Tarihi:10/06/2011