Does Exogenously Applied Gallic Acid Regulate the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants in Wheat Roots Exposed to Cadmium Stress?

Year 2019, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 279 - 285, 30.09.2019

Ceyda Ozfidan Konakci

https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.554860

Abstract

The aim of the
current study was to determine whether gallic acid (GLA) triggers the growth,
osmoregulation and antioxidant system related to defense mechanisms in wheat
roots to cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress. For this purpose, wheat plants were
hydroponically grown for 21 (d) and were treated with GLA (GLA1-2; 25 and 75 mM), Cd stress (Cd1-2; 100 and 200 mM) and their combination for 7 d. The significant
reduction in growth (RGR) and osmotic potential (Y_P) was observed under stress. After GLA applications in
response to stress, RGR, Y_P and
proline (Pro) increased, except for 200 mM Cd
plus 75 mM GLA. Under stress, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)
was induced by the activated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity but, NADPH oxidase
(NOX) had no contribution on the accumulation of H₂O₂. Despite
of the increased catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR), H₂O₂
did not eliminate and then lipid peroxidation (TBARS content) was induced with the
decreased scavenging capacity of hydroxyl radical (OH^·) under stress. Besides, to remove of H₂O₂
content produced by SOD, H₂O₂ could effectively scavenge
through CAT activity in combination form of GLA and Cd. On the other hand, GLA
did not induce the enzymes and non-enzymes related to Asada-Halliwell cycle
(ascorbate peroxidase (APX), GR, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR),
monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), reduced and oxidized contents of
glutathione (GSH and GSSG contents). Under high Cd concentration, GLA2 could
not eliminate H₂O₂ content because of increased NOX
activity and then in this group (Cd2+GLA2) the scavenging capacity of OH^· did not change and TBARS content increased. 

Keywords

Antioxidant enzymes, Asada-Halliwell pathway, Cadmium, Gallic acid, Lipid peroxidation

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