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An Investigation on the Flexural and Thermo-mechanical Properties of CaCO3/Epoxy Composites

Year 2022, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 161 - 167, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.1015351

Abstract

Present work focused on the flexural and thermo-mechanical characteristics of epoxy based composites filled with 3 different calcium carbonate (CaCO3) concentrations: 1.5, 3 and 5 wt.%. Composite specimens were fabricated through conventional casting method and subjected to flexural test via 3 point bending fixture. Additionally, dynamic-mechanical analyzer (DMA) with single cantilever mode was used to reval the thermo-mechanical responses of samples. The findings showed that the filler concentration increase led to the increase of storage modulus (E') for all specimens while the glass transition temperature (Tg) slightly decreased for 1.5 wt. % CaCO3 filled epoxy composite. The 5 wt.% CaCO3 loaded composite showed maximum E' and Tg values with 10% and 1.5% improvement, respectively. Based on flexural test results it was surprisingly found that, 1.5% wt. CaCO3 addition attained the highest strength with almost 27% improvement among all samples. However, 5 wt.% CaCO3 introduced composites displayed the lowest mechanical performance due to the presence of agglomerates/tactoids, which was verified from SEM images as well.

Project Number

Makale ile ilgili yürütülmüş/yürütülmekte olan bir proje mevcut değildir.

References

  • Referans [1]. Suresha, B, Varun, C.A, Indushekhara, N.M, Vishwanath, H.R, Venkatesh. 2019. Effect of Nano filler reinforcement on mechanical properties of epoxy composites. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering; 574, 012010.
  • Referans[2]. Ho, NM, Nguyen, TC, Tran, TTV, Nguyen, TD, Thai, H. 2021. Enhancement of dynamic mechanical properties and flame resistance of nanocomposites based on epoxy and nanosilica modified with KR-12 coupling agent. J Appl Polym Sci; 138(29): 50685.
  • Referans[3]. Xian, Y, Kang, Z, Liang, X. 2021. Effect of nanodiamonds and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in thermoset hybrid fillers system: Rheology, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermal stability. J Appl Polym Sci; 138(21): 50496.
  • Referans[4]. Techawinyutham, L, Sumrith, N, Srisuk, R, Techawinyutham, W, Siengchin, S, Mavinkere Rangappa, S. 2021. Thermo-mechanical, rheological and morphology properties of polypropylene composites: Residual CaCO3 as a sustainable by-product. Polymer Composites; 42(9): 4643.
  • Referans[5]. Tao, Y, Mao, Z, Yang, Z, Zhang, J. 2021. CaCO3 as a new member of high solar-reflective filler on the cooling property in polymer composites. J Vinyl Addit Technol; 27(2): 275– 287.
  • Referans[6]. Yao, J, Hu, H, Sun, Z, Wang, Y, Huang, H, Gao, L, Jiang, X, Wang, X, Xiong, C. 2021. Synchronously strengthen and toughen polypropylene using tartaric acid-modified nano-CaCO3. Nanomaterials; 11(10):2493.
  • Referans[7]. Azman, N.A.N, Islam, M.R, Parimalam, M. 2020. Mechanical, structural, thermal and morphological properties of epoxy composites filled with chicken eggshell and inorganic CaCO3 particles. Polym. Bull; 77: 805–821.
  • Referans[8]. Kirboga, S, Öner, M, Deveci, S. 2021. Preparation and characterization of calcium carbonate reinforced poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) biocomposites. Current Nanoscience; 17(2): 266-278. Referans[9]. De Moura A.P, Da Silva E.H, Dos Santos V.S. 2021. Structural and mechanical characterization of polyurethane-CaCO3 composites synthesized at high calcium carbonate loading: An experimental and theoretical study. Journal of Composite Materials; doi:10.1177/0021998321996414.
  • Referans[10]. Bokuniaeva, A.O, Vorokh, A.S. 2019. Estimation of particle size using the Debye equation and the Scherrer formula for polyphasic TiO2 powder. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser; 1410, 012057.
  • Referans[11]. Mallakpour, S, Khadem, E. 2017. Facile and cost-effective preparation of PVA/modified calcium carbonate nanocomposites via ultrasonic irradiation: Application in adsorption of heavy metal and oxygen permeation property. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry; 39: 430–438.
  • Referans[12]. Tran, H.V, Tran, L.D, Vu, H.D, Thai, H. 2010. Facile surface modification of nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate by adsorption of sodium stearate in aqueous solution. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects; 366(1–3): 95–103.
  • Referans[13]. Menard, K.P. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis: A Practical Introduction, Second Edition (2nd ed.), CRC Press, 2008; pp 91.
  • Referans[14]. Panwar, V, Pal, K. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites. In Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites, 1st edn. Elsevier, New York, 2017, pp 413–441.
  • Referans[15]. Bashir, M.A. 2021. Use of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) for Characterizing Interfacial Interactions in Filled Polymers. Solids; 2, 108-120.
  • Referans16. Fombuena, V, Bernardi, L, Fenollar, O, Boronat, T, Balart, R. 2014. Characterization of green composites from biobased epoxy matrices and bio-fillers derived from seashell wastes. Materials and Design; 57, 168–174.
  • Referans[17]. Miranda, T.B, Silva G.G. 2020. Hierarchical microstructure of nanoparticles of calcium carbonate/epoxy composites: thermomechanical and surface properties. Express Polym Lett; 14:179–191.
  • Referans[18]. Baskaran, R, Sarojadevi, M, Vijayakumar, C.T. 2011. Mechanical and thermal properties of unsaturated polyester/calcium carbonate nanocomposites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites; 30(18):1549-1556.
  • Referans[19]. Mat Yazik, M.H, Sultan, M.T.H, Jawaid, M, Abu Talib, A.R, Mazlan, N, Md Shah, A.U, Safri, S.N.A. 2021. Effect of nanofiller content on dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube and montmorillonite nanoclay filler hybrid shape memory epoxy composites. Polymers; 13, 700.
  • Referans[20]. Ho, N.M, Nguyen, T.C, Tran, T.T.V, Nguyen, T.D, Thai, H. 2021. Enhancement of dynamic mechanical properties and flame resistance of nanocomposites based on epoxy and nanosilica modified with KR-12 coupling agent. J Appl Polym Sci; 138(29): 50685.
  • Referans[21]. Yang, G, Heo, Y.-J, Park, S.-J. 2019. Effect of morphology of calcium carbonate on toughness behavior and thermal stability of epoxy-based composites. Processes; 7, 178.
  • Referans[22]. Eskizeybek, V, Ulus, H, Kaybal, H. B, Şahin, Ö. S, Avcı, A. 2018. Static and dynamic mechanical responses of CaCO3 nanoparticle modified epoxy/carbon fiber nanocomposites. Composites Part B: Engineering; 140, 223–231.
Year 2022, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 161 - 167, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.1015351

Abstract

Supporting Institution

Destekleyen herhangi bir kurum veya kuruluş mevcut değildir.

Project Number

Makale ile ilgili yürütülmüş/yürütülmekte olan bir proje mevcut değildir.

Thanks

Teşekkür kısmı mevcut değildir.

References

  • Referans [1]. Suresha, B, Varun, C.A, Indushekhara, N.M, Vishwanath, H.R, Venkatesh. 2019. Effect of Nano filler reinforcement on mechanical properties of epoxy composites. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering; 574, 012010.
  • Referans[2]. Ho, NM, Nguyen, TC, Tran, TTV, Nguyen, TD, Thai, H. 2021. Enhancement of dynamic mechanical properties and flame resistance of nanocomposites based on epoxy and nanosilica modified with KR-12 coupling agent. J Appl Polym Sci; 138(29): 50685.
  • Referans[3]. Xian, Y, Kang, Z, Liang, X. 2021. Effect of nanodiamonds and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in thermoset hybrid fillers system: Rheology, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermal stability. J Appl Polym Sci; 138(21): 50496.
  • Referans[4]. Techawinyutham, L, Sumrith, N, Srisuk, R, Techawinyutham, W, Siengchin, S, Mavinkere Rangappa, S. 2021. Thermo-mechanical, rheological and morphology properties of polypropylene composites: Residual CaCO3 as a sustainable by-product. Polymer Composites; 42(9): 4643.
  • Referans[5]. Tao, Y, Mao, Z, Yang, Z, Zhang, J. 2021. CaCO3 as a new member of high solar-reflective filler on the cooling property in polymer composites. J Vinyl Addit Technol; 27(2): 275– 287.
  • Referans[6]. Yao, J, Hu, H, Sun, Z, Wang, Y, Huang, H, Gao, L, Jiang, X, Wang, X, Xiong, C. 2021. Synchronously strengthen and toughen polypropylene using tartaric acid-modified nano-CaCO3. Nanomaterials; 11(10):2493.
  • Referans[7]. Azman, N.A.N, Islam, M.R, Parimalam, M. 2020. Mechanical, structural, thermal and morphological properties of epoxy composites filled with chicken eggshell and inorganic CaCO3 particles. Polym. Bull; 77: 805–821.
  • Referans[8]. Kirboga, S, Öner, M, Deveci, S. 2021. Preparation and characterization of calcium carbonate reinforced poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) biocomposites. Current Nanoscience; 17(2): 266-278. Referans[9]. De Moura A.P, Da Silva E.H, Dos Santos V.S. 2021. Structural and mechanical characterization of polyurethane-CaCO3 composites synthesized at high calcium carbonate loading: An experimental and theoretical study. Journal of Composite Materials; doi:10.1177/0021998321996414.
  • Referans[10]. Bokuniaeva, A.O, Vorokh, A.S. 2019. Estimation of particle size using the Debye equation and the Scherrer formula for polyphasic TiO2 powder. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser; 1410, 012057.
  • Referans[11]. Mallakpour, S, Khadem, E. 2017. Facile and cost-effective preparation of PVA/modified calcium carbonate nanocomposites via ultrasonic irradiation: Application in adsorption of heavy metal and oxygen permeation property. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry; 39: 430–438.
  • Referans[12]. Tran, H.V, Tran, L.D, Vu, H.D, Thai, H. 2010. Facile surface modification of nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate by adsorption of sodium stearate in aqueous solution. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects; 366(1–3): 95–103.
  • Referans[13]. Menard, K.P. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis: A Practical Introduction, Second Edition (2nd ed.), CRC Press, 2008; pp 91.
  • Referans[14]. Panwar, V, Pal, K. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites. In Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites, 1st edn. Elsevier, New York, 2017, pp 413–441.
  • Referans[15]. Bashir, M.A. 2021. Use of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) for Characterizing Interfacial Interactions in Filled Polymers. Solids; 2, 108-120.
  • Referans16. Fombuena, V, Bernardi, L, Fenollar, O, Boronat, T, Balart, R. 2014. Characterization of green composites from biobased epoxy matrices and bio-fillers derived from seashell wastes. Materials and Design; 57, 168–174.
  • Referans[17]. Miranda, T.B, Silva G.G. 2020. Hierarchical microstructure of nanoparticles of calcium carbonate/epoxy composites: thermomechanical and surface properties. Express Polym Lett; 14:179–191.
  • Referans[18]. Baskaran, R, Sarojadevi, M, Vijayakumar, C.T. 2011. Mechanical and thermal properties of unsaturated polyester/calcium carbonate nanocomposites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites; 30(18):1549-1556.
  • Referans[19]. Mat Yazik, M.H, Sultan, M.T.H, Jawaid, M, Abu Talib, A.R, Mazlan, N, Md Shah, A.U, Safri, S.N.A. 2021. Effect of nanofiller content on dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube and montmorillonite nanoclay filler hybrid shape memory epoxy composites. Polymers; 13, 700.
  • Referans[20]. Ho, N.M, Nguyen, T.C, Tran, T.T.V, Nguyen, T.D, Thai, H. 2021. Enhancement of dynamic mechanical properties and flame resistance of nanocomposites based on epoxy and nanosilica modified with KR-12 coupling agent. J Appl Polym Sci; 138(29): 50685.
  • Referans[21]. Yang, G, Heo, Y.-J, Park, S.-J. 2019. Effect of morphology of calcium carbonate on toughness behavior and thermal stability of epoxy-based composites. Processes; 7, 178.
  • Referans[22]. Eskizeybek, V, Ulus, H, Kaybal, H. B, Şahin, Ö. S, Avcı, A. 2018. Static and dynamic mechanical responses of CaCO3 nanoparticle modified epoxy/carbon fiber nanocomposites. Composites Part B: Engineering; 140, 223–231.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bahar Baştürk 0000-0002-4027-1935

Project Number Makale ile ilgili yürütülmüş/yürütülmekte olan bir proje mevcut değildir.
Publication Date June 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 18 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Baştürk, B. (2021). An Investigation on the Flexural and Thermo-mechanical Properties of CaCO3/Epoxy Composites. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(2), 161-167. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.1015351
AMA Baştürk B. An Investigation on the Flexural and Thermo-mechanical Properties of CaCO3/Epoxy Composites. CBUJOS. June 2021;18(2):161-167. doi:10.18466/cbayarfbe.1015351
Chicago Baştürk, Bahar. “An Investigation on the Flexural and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of CaCO3/Epoxy Composites”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 18, no. 2 (June 2021): 161-67. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.1015351.
EndNote Baştürk B (June 1, 2021) An Investigation on the Flexural and Thermo-mechanical Properties of CaCO3/Epoxy Composites. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 18 2 161–167.
IEEE B. Baştürk, “An Investigation on the Flexural and Thermo-mechanical Properties of CaCO3/Epoxy Composites”, CBUJOS, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 161–167, 2021, doi: 10.18466/cbayarfbe.1015351.
ISNAD Baştürk, Bahar. “An Investigation on the Flexural and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of CaCO3/Epoxy Composites”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 18/2 (June 2021), 161-167. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.1015351.
JAMA Baştürk B. An Investigation on the Flexural and Thermo-mechanical Properties of CaCO3/Epoxy Composites. CBUJOS. 2021;18:161–167.
MLA Baştürk, Bahar. “An Investigation on the Flexural and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of CaCO3/Epoxy Composites”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 18, no. 2, 2021, pp. 161-7, doi:10.18466/cbayarfbe.1015351.
Vancouver Baştürk B. An Investigation on the Flexural and Thermo-mechanical Properties of CaCO3/Epoxy Composites. CBUJOS. 2021;18(2):161-7.