The evaluation Of The Non-Toxic Ferrous Matrix Based WC Reinforced Composites: A Review
Year 2022,
Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 129 - 139, 30.06.2021
Esad Kaya
,
Mustafa Ulutan
Abstract
Metal matrix composites are mainly used as a cutting tool insert material. These types of materials are essential to maintain desired mechanical and microstructure properties at elevated temperatures due to friction and wear. Nano sized Tungsten Carbide reinforced composites are mostly used for these conditions. The production of sintered nano sized Tungsten Carbide reinforced composites are done by using powder metallurgy. The different mass ratios of elements including mostly Cobalt and the others could be added as binder phase. The binder phase provides to metal matrix composite superior features including high elasticity, good solubility, similar thermal conduction coefficient and, effective liquid phase sintering mechanism. Cobalt is one of the base elements of high-performance superalloys and rechargeable battery technology. Also, 40% of global need supplied by a single country makes itself higher-priced. It is also known that Cobalt is a high skin allergen and carcinogenic. Together with these obstacles, the investigations of low-cost, non-toxic, or reduced-toxicity materials are always needed. In this study, the related current literature has been investigated in detail. The studies focus on an alternative matrix that providing mentioned conditions explained with pros and cons.
Supporting Institution
Scientific Research Council of Eskisehir Osmangazi University
Thanks
This work was supported by the Scientific Research Council of Eskisehir Osmangazi University, under Grant [201915036]
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Year 2022,
Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 129 - 139, 30.06.2021
Esad Kaya
,
Mustafa Ulutan
References
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- 31. Guo, Z., Xiong, J., Yang, M., and Jiang, C., 2008 WC–TiC–Ni cemented carbide with enhanced properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 465(1-2): 157-162.
- 32. Penrice, T.W., 1987 Alternative binders for hard metals. Journal of Materials Shaping Technology, 5(1): 35-39.
- 33. Kakeshita, T. and Wayman, C.M., 1991 Martensitic transformations in cermets with a metastable austenitic binder I: WC (Fe Ni C). Materials Science and Engineering: A, 141(2): 209-219.
- 34. Kakeshita, T. and Wayman, C.M., 1991 Martensitic transformation in cermets with metastable austenitic binder: II. TiC (Fe Ni C). Materials Science and Engineering: A, 147(1): 85-92.
- 35. Kumi, D.O., A Study Of WC-X Systems For Potential Binders For WC. 2011, University of the Witwatersrand: Johannesburg.
- 36. Kirchner, G., Harvig, H., and Uhrenius, B., 1973 Experimental and thermodynamic study of the equilibria between ferrite, austenite and intermediate phases in the fe-mo, fe-w, and fe-mo-w systems. Metallurgical Transactions, 4(4): 1059-1067.
- 37. Glasson, D.R. and Jones, J.A., 2007 Formation and reactivity of borides, carbides and silicides. I. Review and introduction. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 19(5): 125-137.
- 38. Tyagi, A.K. and Banerjee, S., Materials under extreme conditions : recent trends and future prospects. 2017, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
- 39. C. B. Pollock, H.H.S., 1970 The eta carbides in the Fe−W−C and Co−W−C systems. Metallurgical Transactions, 1(4): 767–770.
- 40. Moskowitz, D., J., F.M., Humenik, J.s.M., High-Strength Tungsten Carbides. 1971, Michigan: Metal Powder Industries Federation.
- 41. Schubert, W.D., Fugger, M., Wittmann, B., and Useldinger, R., 2015 Aspects of sintering of cemented carbides with Fe-based binders. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 49: 110-123.
- 42. Mosbah, A.Y., Wexler, D., and Calka, A., 2005 Abrasive wear of WC–FeAl composites. Wear, 258(9): 1337-1341.
- 43. Alman, D.E., Tylczak, J.H., Hawk, J.A., and Schneibel, J.H., 2002 An assessment of the erosion resistance of iron-aluminide cermets at room and elevated temperatures. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 329-331: 602-609.
- 44. Karimi, H., Hadi, M., Ebrahimzadeh, I., Farhang, M.R., and Sadeghi, M., 2018 High-temperature oxidation behaviour of WC-FeAl composite fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Ceramics International, 44(14): 17147-17153.
- 45. Karimi, H., Hadi, M., 2020 Effect of sintering techniques on the structure and dry sliding wear behavior of WC-FeAl composite. Ceramics International, 46(11).
- 46. Baker, I., Munroe, P.R., 2013 Mechanical properties of FeAl. International Materials Reviews, 42(5): 181-205.
- 47. Schneibel, J.H., Carmichael, C.A., Specht, E.D., and Subramanian, R., 1997 Liquid-phase sintered iron aluminide-ceramic composites. Intermetallics, 5(1): 61-67.
- 48. Kim, S.-E., Hong, S.-H., and Shon, I.-J., 2020 Mechanical Properties and Rapid Sintering of WC-BN-Al Composites. Korean Journal of Metals and Materials, 58(7): 453-458.
- 49. Ahmadian, M., Wexler, D., Calka, A., and Chandra, T., 2003 Liquid Phase Sintering of WC-FeAl and WC-Ni3Al Composites with and without Boron. Materials Science Forum, 426-432: 1951-1956.
- 50. Walbrühl, M., Linder, D., Ågren, J., and Borgenstam, A., 2018 Alternative Ni-based cemented carbide binder – Hardness characterization by nano-indentation and focused ion beam. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 73: 204-209.
- 51. De Oro Calderon, R., Agna, A., Gomes, U.U., and Schubert, W.-D., 2019 Phase formation in cemented carbides prepared from WC and stainless steel powder – An experimental study combined with thermodynamic calculations. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 80: 225-237.
- 52. Fernandes, C.M., Puga, J., and Senos, A.M.R., 2019 Nanometric WC-12 wt% AISI 304 powders obtained by high energy ball milling. Advanced Powder Technology, 30(5): 1018-1024.
- 53. Tarraste, M., Kübarsepp, J., Juhani, K., Mere, A., Kolnes, M., Viljus, M., and Maaten, B., 2018 Ferritic chromium steel as binder metal for WC cemented carbides. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 73: 183-191.
- 54. Cacciamani, G., 2016 An Introduction to the Calphad Method and the Compound Energy Formalism (Cef). Tecnologia em Metalurgia Materiais e Mineração, 13(1): 16-24.
- 55. Fernandes, C.M., Senos, A.M.R., and Vieira, M.T., 2003 Sintering of tungsten carbide particles sputter-deposited with stainless steel. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 21(3-4): 147-154.
- 56. Wittmann, B., Schubert, W.-D., and Lux, B., 2002 WC grain growth and grain growth inhibition in nickel and iron binder hardmetals. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 20(1): 51-60.
- 57. Gonzalez, R., Echeberria, J., Sanchez, J.M., and Castro, F., 1995 WC-(Fe,Ni,C) hardmetals with improved toughness through isothermal heat treatments. Journal of Materials Science, 30(13): 3435-3439.
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