Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 28.03.2023

Abstract

References

  • Referans1 Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation (TEIAS), Turkish electricity production and transmission statistics. https://www.teias.gov.tr/tr-TR/turkiye-elektrik-uretim-iletim istatistikleri (accessed 06.05. 2022).
  • Referans2 Barıs K, Kucukali, S. 2012. Availability of renewable energy sources in Turkey: Current situation, potential, government policies and the EU perspective. Energy Policy: 42:377–391.
  • Referans3 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Greenhouse gas emissions. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=AIR_GHG (accessed 26.03.2022).
  • Referans4 United Nations Climate Change, Republic of Turkey intended nationally determined contribution. https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Turkey/1/The_INDC_of_TURKEY_v.15.19.30.pdf (accessed 27.10. 2021).
  • Referans5 Kaygusuz K, Keleş S. 2012. Sustainable bioenergy policies in Turkey. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science: 1(1): 34-43.
  • Referans6 Bahadır A, Keleş S, Kaygusuz K. 2013. Bioenergy potential, utilization and policies in Turkey. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science: 2(2): 167-183.
  • Referans7 Rincon L, Puri M, Kojakovic A. 2019. The contribution of sustainable bioenergy to renewable electricity generation in Turkey: Evidence based policy from an integrated energy and agriculture approach. Energy Policy; 130: 69-88.
  • Referans8 Emeksiz C, Yuksel A. 2022. A suitable site selection for sustainable bioenergy production facility by using hybrid multi-criteria-decision making approach, case study: Turkey. Fuel; 315: 123214.
  • Referans9 Acar P, Gokok E. 2021. Promising resources for bioenergy: shrub willows of Turkey. Bioenergy Studies; 2(1): 7-17.
  • Referans10 Deniz T, Paletto A. 2018. Effects of bioenergy production on environmental sustainability: a preliminary study based on expert opinions in Italy and Turkey. Journal of Forestry Research; 29: 1611–1626.
  • Referans11 Erdogdu E (2008). An exposé of bioenergy and its potential and utilization in Turkey. Energy Policy, 36(6): 2182-2190.
  • Referans12 Ozturk M, Sabab N, Altay V et al., (2017). Biomass and bioenergy: An overview of the development potential in Turkey and Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79:1285-1302.
  • Referans13 Bilgen S, Keles S, Sarıkaya I et al. 2015. A perspective for potential and technology of bioenergy in Turkey: Present case and future view. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews; 48:228-239.
  • Referans14 Gulsen H, Yenigun I. 2021. Investigation of origin plant and animal bioenergy capacity for Turkey. Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences; 9(2): 339-346.
  • Referans15 Khanal SK. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production. Wiley-Blackwell. Ames, Iowa, 2008; pp 301.
  • Referans16 Fırat Kalkınma Ajansı, Biyogaz. https://fka.gov.tr/sharepoint/userfiles/Icerik_Dosya_Ekleri/FKA_ARASTIRMA_RAPORLARI/B%C4%B0YOGAZ.pdf (accessed 24.08. 2022).
  • Referans17 Rajvanshi AK. Biomass gasification. In: Gaswami DY eds. Alternative Energy in Agriculture.CRC Press, 1986; Vol II:83-102.
  • Referans18 Reed TB, Das A. Handbook of Biomass Downdraft Gasifier Engine Systems. United States Department of Energy. Golden, Colorado, 1988; 148 pp.
  • Referans19 General Directorate of Energy Affairs (GDEA), Biomass energy potential atlas (BEPA). https://bepa.enerji.gov.tr/ (accessed 02.03. 2022)
  • Referans20 Adana Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü , Adana ili 2019 yılı çevre durum raporu. https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/adana_-2019_-cdr-20201023092541.pdf. (accessed 02.03. 2022)
  • Referans21 Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu. Elektrik piyasası, 2020 yılı piyasa gelişim raporu . http://epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-0-102/yillik-rapor-elektrik-piyasasi-gelisim-raporlari (accessed 26.03. 2022).
  • Referans22 Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu, Elektrik piyasası, 2019 yılı piyasa gelişim raporu. Available at: http://epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-0-102/yillik-rapor-elektrik-piyasasi-gelisim-raporlari (accessed 26.03. 2022).
  • Referans23 Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu, Elektrik piyasası, 2018 yılı piyasa gelişim raporu. http://epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-0-102/yillik-rapor-elektrik-piyasasi-gelisim-raporlari (accessed 26.03. 2022).
  • Referans24 Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu, Doğal gaz piyasası 2020 yılı sektör raporu. https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-94/dogal-gazyillik-sektor-raporu (accessed 26.03. 2022).
  • Referans25 Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu, Doğal gaz piyasası 2019 yılı sektör raporu.https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-94/dogal-gazyillik-sektor-raporu (accessed 26.03. 2022).
  • Referans26 Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu, Doğal gaz piyasası 2018 yılı sektör raporu. https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-94/dogal-gazyillik-sektor-raporu (accessed 26.03. 2022).
  • Referans27 Hakawatia R, Smyth BM, McCullough G et al. 2017. What is the most energy efficient route for biogas utilization: heat, electricity or transport. Applied Energy; 206: 1076–1087.
  • Referans28 Turkish State Meteorological Service, Seasonal averages belonging to cities-adana. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=ADANA (accessed 26.07.2022).
  • Referans29 Freitas FF, De Souza SS, Ferreira LRA et al. 2019. The Brazilian market of distributed biogas generation: Overview, technological development and case study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews; 101: 146-157.
  • Referans30 Chhiti, Y, Kemiha, M. 2013. Thermal conversion of biomass, pyrolysis and gasification. International Journal of Engineering and Science; 2(3): 75-85.
  • Referans31 Kursun B. 2022. Role of solar power in shifting the Turkish electricity sector towards sustainability. The Clean Energy Journal; 6(2):1078–1089.
  • Referans32 Atilgan B, Azapagic A. 2016. An integrated life cycle sustainability assessment of electricity generation in Turkey. Energy Policy; 93: 168-186.
  • Referans33 Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı, Kimyasal gübre ve azot bileşiklerinin imalatı sektörü kaynak verimliliği rehberi, https://www.ahika.gov.tr/assets/upload/dosyalar/kimyasalgubreveazotbilesiklerininimalatirehberi.pdf (accessed 26.07.2022).
  • Referans34 Börjesson, P, Berglund M. 2007. Environmental systems analysis of biogas systems—Part II: The environmental impact of replacing various reference systems. Biomass and Bioenergy; 31: 326–344.
  • Referans35 Bouallagui H, Cheikh RB, Marouani L et al. 2003. Mesophilic biogas production from fruit and vegetable waste in a tubular digester. Bioresource Technology; 86 :85–89.
  • Referans36 Hao X, Chang C, Larney FJ et al., G.R. 2001. Greenhouse gas emissions during cattle feedlot manure composting. Journal of Environmental Quality; 30: 376–386.
  • Referans37 Oliveira MO, Somariva R, Ando Junior OH et al. Biomass Electricity Generation Using Industry Poultry waste, International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ’12) Santiago de Compostela (Spain), 2012, pp. 1650-1654.
  • Referans38 Lou XF, Nair J. 2009. The impact of landfilling and composting on greenhouse gas emissions – A review. Bioresource Technology; 100: 3792–3798.
  • Referans39 Aybak Tarım, Feed prices 2022. http://aybaktarim.com/fiyatlarimiz/(accessed 26.07.2022).
  • Referans40 Turkish Grain Board. Barley, wheat, rye, oat prices. https://www.tmo.gov.tr/hububat/1/bugday-arpabr-cavdar-yulaf (accessed 26.07.2022).
  • Referans41 Kırklareli Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Announced beet purchases for Alpullu sugar factory 2022-2023 production year. https://kirklareli.tarimorman.gov.tr/Haber/1978/Alpullu-Seker-Fabrikasi-2022-2023-Uretim-Yili-Pancar-Alim-Fiyatlarini-Acikladi (accessed 26.07.2022).
  • Referans42 Enerji Atlası, 2022 electricity prices. https://www.enerjiatlasi.com/elektrik-fiyatlari/ (accessed 26.07.2022).
  • Referans43 Kursun B. Towards Design of Sustainable Energy Systems in Developing Countries: Centralized and Localized Options, Ph. D, The Ohio State University, Ohio, 2013; pp 362.
  • Referans44 Made-in-China, Organic fertilizer for plant 100% water soluble humic and amino acid with good price. https://xsyagri.en.made-in-china.com/product/IOUTQJfYFDpl/China-Organic-Fertilizer-for-Plant-100-Water-Soluble-Humic-and-Amino-Acid-with-Good-Price.html (accessed 26.07.2022).

Environmental and Economic Analysis of Bioenergy Production and Utilization in Adana Turkey

Year 2023, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 28.03.2023

Abstract

This work investigates most feasible ways of processing biological wastes in Adana from energetic, environmental and economic points of view. Energetically, syngas constitutes 59% of bioenergy produced in Adana whereas biogas constitutes 41%. Total of 9,5x105 MWh electricity can be generated from bioenergy of which 5,6x105 MWh comes from syngas. Based of 2020 electricity consumption values, 13,3 % of electricity demand can be met by electricity generated from organic wastes. Substitution of Turkish grid electricity by the renewable electricity and prevention of organic waste decay provide 464 thousand and 391thousand tons of GHG mitigation, respectively. Economically, utilization of certain agricultural wastes as animal feed instead of bioenergy resource appears as a more feasible option. 13,2 billion TL can be gained through sales of animal feed, renewable electricity and organic fertilizer in Adana and 9,25 billion TL of this gain is solely acquired from animal feed. This result confirms the feasibility of evaluating these resources as feed instead of energy resource for syngas production through gasification. Hence, appropriate utilization of biological waste materials can make significant energetic, environmental and economic contributions to a region without creating competition with food or feed resources.

References

  • Referans1 Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation (TEIAS), Turkish electricity production and transmission statistics. https://www.teias.gov.tr/tr-TR/turkiye-elektrik-uretim-iletim istatistikleri (accessed 06.05. 2022).
  • Referans2 Barıs K, Kucukali, S. 2012. Availability of renewable energy sources in Turkey: Current situation, potential, government policies and the EU perspective. Energy Policy: 42:377–391.
  • Referans3 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Greenhouse gas emissions. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=AIR_GHG (accessed 26.03.2022).
  • Referans4 United Nations Climate Change, Republic of Turkey intended nationally determined contribution. https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Turkey/1/The_INDC_of_TURKEY_v.15.19.30.pdf (accessed 27.10. 2021).
  • Referans5 Kaygusuz K, Keleş S. 2012. Sustainable bioenergy policies in Turkey. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science: 1(1): 34-43.
  • Referans6 Bahadır A, Keleş S, Kaygusuz K. 2013. Bioenergy potential, utilization and policies in Turkey. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science: 2(2): 167-183.
  • Referans7 Rincon L, Puri M, Kojakovic A. 2019. The contribution of sustainable bioenergy to renewable electricity generation in Turkey: Evidence based policy from an integrated energy and agriculture approach. Energy Policy; 130: 69-88.
  • Referans8 Emeksiz C, Yuksel A. 2022. A suitable site selection for sustainable bioenergy production facility by using hybrid multi-criteria-decision making approach, case study: Turkey. Fuel; 315: 123214.
  • Referans9 Acar P, Gokok E. 2021. Promising resources for bioenergy: shrub willows of Turkey. Bioenergy Studies; 2(1): 7-17.
  • Referans10 Deniz T, Paletto A. 2018. Effects of bioenergy production on environmental sustainability: a preliminary study based on expert opinions in Italy and Turkey. Journal of Forestry Research; 29: 1611–1626.
  • Referans11 Erdogdu E (2008). An exposé of bioenergy and its potential and utilization in Turkey. Energy Policy, 36(6): 2182-2190.
  • Referans12 Ozturk M, Sabab N, Altay V et al., (2017). Biomass and bioenergy: An overview of the development potential in Turkey and Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79:1285-1302.
  • Referans13 Bilgen S, Keles S, Sarıkaya I et al. 2015. A perspective for potential and technology of bioenergy in Turkey: Present case and future view. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews; 48:228-239.
  • Referans14 Gulsen H, Yenigun I. 2021. Investigation of origin plant and animal bioenergy capacity for Turkey. Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences; 9(2): 339-346.
  • Referans15 Khanal SK. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production. Wiley-Blackwell. Ames, Iowa, 2008; pp 301.
  • Referans16 Fırat Kalkınma Ajansı, Biyogaz. https://fka.gov.tr/sharepoint/userfiles/Icerik_Dosya_Ekleri/FKA_ARASTIRMA_RAPORLARI/B%C4%B0YOGAZ.pdf (accessed 24.08. 2022).
  • Referans17 Rajvanshi AK. Biomass gasification. In: Gaswami DY eds. Alternative Energy in Agriculture.CRC Press, 1986; Vol II:83-102.
  • Referans18 Reed TB, Das A. Handbook of Biomass Downdraft Gasifier Engine Systems. United States Department of Energy. Golden, Colorado, 1988; 148 pp.
  • Referans19 General Directorate of Energy Affairs (GDEA), Biomass energy potential atlas (BEPA). https://bepa.enerji.gov.tr/ (accessed 02.03. 2022)
  • Referans20 Adana Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü , Adana ili 2019 yılı çevre durum raporu. https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/adana_-2019_-cdr-20201023092541.pdf. (accessed 02.03. 2022)
  • Referans21 Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu. Elektrik piyasası, 2020 yılı piyasa gelişim raporu . http://epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-0-102/yillik-rapor-elektrik-piyasasi-gelisim-raporlari (accessed 26.03. 2022).
  • Referans22 Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu, Elektrik piyasası, 2019 yılı piyasa gelişim raporu. Available at: http://epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-0-102/yillik-rapor-elektrik-piyasasi-gelisim-raporlari (accessed 26.03. 2022).
  • Referans23 Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu, Elektrik piyasası, 2018 yılı piyasa gelişim raporu. http://epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-0-102/yillik-rapor-elektrik-piyasasi-gelisim-raporlari (accessed 26.03. 2022).
  • Referans24 Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu, Doğal gaz piyasası 2020 yılı sektör raporu. https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-94/dogal-gazyillik-sektor-raporu (accessed 26.03. 2022).
  • Referans25 Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu, Doğal gaz piyasası 2019 yılı sektör raporu.https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-94/dogal-gazyillik-sektor-raporu (accessed 26.03. 2022).
  • Referans26 Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu, Doğal gaz piyasası 2018 yılı sektör raporu. https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-94/dogal-gazyillik-sektor-raporu (accessed 26.03. 2022).
  • Referans27 Hakawatia R, Smyth BM, McCullough G et al. 2017. What is the most energy efficient route for biogas utilization: heat, electricity or transport. Applied Energy; 206: 1076–1087.
  • Referans28 Turkish State Meteorological Service, Seasonal averages belonging to cities-adana. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=ADANA (accessed 26.07.2022).
  • Referans29 Freitas FF, De Souza SS, Ferreira LRA et al. 2019. The Brazilian market of distributed biogas generation: Overview, technological development and case study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews; 101: 146-157.
  • Referans30 Chhiti, Y, Kemiha, M. 2013. Thermal conversion of biomass, pyrolysis and gasification. International Journal of Engineering and Science; 2(3): 75-85.
  • Referans31 Kursun B. 2022. Role of solar power in shifting the Turkish electricity sector towards sustainability. The Clean Energy Journal; 6(2):1078–1089.
  • Referans32 Atilgan B, Azapagic A. 2016. An integrated life cycle sustainability assessment of electricity generation in Turkey. Energy Policy; 93: 168-186.
  • Referans33 Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı, Kimyasal gübre ve azot bileşiklerinin imalatı sektörü kaynak verimliliği rehberi, https://www.ahika.gov.tr/assets/upload/dosyalar/kimyasalgubreveazotbilesiklerininimalatirehberi.pdf (accessed 26.07.2022).
  • Referans34 Börjesson, P, Berglund M. 2007. Environmental systems analysis of biogas systems—Part II: The environmental impact of replacing various reference systems. Biomass and Bioenergy; 31: 326–344.
  • Referans35 Bouallagui H, Cheikh RB, Marouani L et al. 2003. Mesophilic biogas production from fruit and vegetable waste in a tubular digester. Bioresource Technology; 86 :85–89.
  • Referans36 Hao X, Chang C, Larney FJ et al., G.R. 2001. Greenhouse gas emissions during cattle feedlot manure composting. Journal of Environmental Quality; 30: 376–386.
  • Referans37 Oliveira MO, Somariva R, Ando Junior OH et al. Biomass Electricity Generation Using Industry Poultry waste, International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ’12) Santiago de Compostela (Spain), 2012, pp. 1650-1654.
  • Referans38 Lou XF, Nair J. 2009. The impact of landfilling and composting on greenhouse gas emissions – A review. Bioresource Technology; 100: 3792–3798.
  • Referans39 Aybak Tarım, Feed prices 2022. http://aybaktarim.com/fiyatlarimiz/(accessed 26.07.2022).
  • Referans40 Turkish Grain Board. Barley, wheat, rye, oat prices. https://www.tmo.gov.tr/hububat/1/bugday-arpabr-cavdar-yulaf (accessed 26.07.2022).
  • Referans41 Kırklareli Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Announced beet purchases for Alpullu sugar factory 2022-2023 production year. https://kirklareli.tarimorman.gov.tr/Haber/1978/Alpullu-Seker-Fabrikasi-2022-2023-Uretim-Yili-Pancar-Alim-Fiyatlarini-Acikladi (accessed 26.07.2022).
  • Referans42 Enerji Atlası, 2022 electricity prices. https://www.enerjiatlasi.com/elektrik-fiyatlari/ (accessed 26.07.2022).
  • Referans43 Kursun B. Towards Design of Sustainable Energy Systems in Developing Countries: Centralized and Localized Options, Ph. D, The Ohio State University, Ohio, 2013; pp 362.
  • Referans44 Made-in-China, Organic fertilizer for plant 100% water soluble humic and amino acid with good price. https://xsyagri.en.made-in-china.com/product/IOUTQJfYFDpl/China-Organic-Fertilizer-for-Plant-100-Water-Soluble-Humic-and-Amino-Acid-with-Good-Price.html (accessed 26.07.2022).
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Deniz Pesen 0000-0002-3234-0726

Görkem Gençay This is me 0000-0002-2106-1721

Berrin Kurşun 0000-0002-2111-4416

Publication Date March 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 19 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Pesen, D., Gençay, G., & Kurşun, B. (2023). Environmental and Economic Analysis of Bioenergy Production and Utilization in Adana Turkey. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(1), 1-10.
AMA Pesen D, Gençay G, Kurşun B. Environmental and Economic Analysis of Bioenergy Production and Utilization in Adana Turkey. CBUJOS. March 2023;19(1):1-10.
Chicago Pesen, Deniz, Görkem Gençay, and Berrin Kurşun. “Environmental and Economic Analysis of Bioenergy Production and Utilization in Adana Turkey”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 19, no. 1 (March 2023): 1-10.
EndNote Pesen D, Gençay G, Kurşun B (March 1, 2023) Environmental and Economic Analysis of Bioenergy Production and Utilization in Adana Turkey. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 19 1 1–10.
IEEE D. Pesen, G. Gençay, and B. Kurşun, “Environmental and Economic Analysis of Bioenergy Production and Utilization in Adana Turkey”, CBUJOS, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2023.
ISNAD Pesen, Deniz et al. “Environmental and Economic Analysis of Bioenergy Production and Utilization in Adana Turkey”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 19/1 (March 2023), 1-10.
JAMA Pesen D, Gençay G, Kurşun B. Environmental and Economic Analysis of Bioenergy Production and Utilization in Adana Turkey. CBUJOS. 2023;19:1–10.
MLA Pesen, Deniz et al. “Environmental and Economic Analysis of Bioenergy Production and Utilization in Adana Turkey”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 19, no. 1, 2023, pp. 1-10.
Vancouver Pesen D, Gençay G, Kurşun B. Environmental and Economic Analysis of Bioenergy Production and Utilization in Adana Turkey. CBUJOS. 2023;19(1):1-10.