A Simple Fluorescence Sensor Based on Merocyanine 540-MnO2 System to Detect Hypochlorite

Year 2024, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 1 - 9, 27.03.2024

Ayşe Merve Şenol

https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.1384266

Abstract

Merocyanine 540 (MC540)- Manganese oxide (MnO2) system-based fluorescence sensor is reported as an anion sensor in aqueous solution. MnO2 was synthesized in the presence of Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) using 3-(N-morpholino) propane sulfonic acid (MOPS) buffer. The formation of MnO2 was first confirmed by a color change and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis). absorption spectroscopy techniques. Next, the interaction of MC540 with MnO2 in aqueous solution was investigated at various conditions by UV–Vis. absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The sensing ability of the MC540-MnO2 was tested to detect hypochlorite (ClO-) ion as a “Turn-off” fluorescent sensor. The MC540-MnO2 revealed to be high selectivity and sensitivity to detect hypochlorite (ClO-) ion without being affected by the other thirteen anions. The detection limits for ClO- were evaluated in two different concentration ranges and calculated to be 0.14 μM at 0.33-4.46 μM and 0.38 μM at 5.06-14.30 μM, respectively.

Keywords

Anionic dye, Anions, Fluorescence quantum yield, Fluorescence quenching, Fluorescence sensor, Hypochlorite, MnO2

Ethical Statement

There are no ethical issues after the publication of this manuscript.

References

• [1]. Traven, VF, Cheptsov, DA, and Lodeiro, C. 2023. Control of Fluorescence of Organic Dyes in the Solid-State by Supramolecular Interactions. J Fluoresc; 33: 799-847.
• [2]. Korshunov, VM, Mikhailov, MS, Chmovzh, TN, Vashchenko, AA, Gudim, NS, Mikhalchenko, LV, Taydakov, IV, and Rakitin, OA. 2021. Novel D-A-D Fluorescent Dyes Based on 9-(p-Tolyl)-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-carbazole as a Donor Unit for Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting-Diodes. Molecules; 26: 2872.
• [3]. Tian, Y, Yin, D, and Yan, L. 2023. J-aggregation strategy of organic dyes for near-infrared bioimaging and fluorescent image-guided phototherapy. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol; 15: e1831.
• [4]. Saleem, M, Rafiq, M, Hanif, M, Shaheen, MA, and Seo, S-Y. 2017. A Brief Review on Fluorescent Copper Sensor Based on Conjugated Organic Dyes. Journal of Fluorescence; 28: 97-165.
• [5]. Jabeen, U, Shah, SM, Aamir, M, and Ahmad, I. 2021. Grafting and co-grafting of dyes on Cd-doped ZnS nanocrystals and their application on dye-sensitized solar cells. Bulletin of Materials Science; 44: 1-9.
• [6]. Bayraktutan, T and Meral, K. 2016. Merocyanine 540 adsorbed on polyethylenimine-functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposites as a turn-on fluorescent sensor for bovine serum albumin. Phys Chem Chem Phys; 18: 23400-23406.
• [7]. Su, Y, Mao, Y, Wu, S, Liu, L, and Wen, S. 2023. Silica Coated Upconversion Nanoplatform for Ag-Based Chemo-/Photodynamic Therapy against Drug-Resistant Bacteria. ACS Applied Nano Materials; 6: 8685-8694.
• [8]. Bayraktutan, T, Onganer, Y, and Meral, K. 2016. Polyelectrolyte-induced H-aggregation of Merocyanine 540 and its application in metal ions detection as a colorimetric sensor. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical; 226: 52-61.
• [9]. Wang, H, Liu, Z, Wang, S, Dong, C, Gong, X, Zhao, P, and Chang, J. 2014. MC540 and upconverting nanocrystal coloaded polymeric liposome for near-infrared light-triggered photodynamic therapy and cell fluorescent imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces; 6: 3219-25.
• [10]. Valeur, B. 2002. Molecular Fluorescence Principles and Applications; Willey-Vch Verlag GmbH, Weinheim.
• [11]. Zhang, Y, Zhang, C, Chen, J, Li, Y, Yang, M, Zhou, H, Shahzad, SA, Qi, H, Yu, C, and Jiang, S. 2017. A real-time fluorescence turn-on assay for acetylcholinesterase activity based on the controlled release of a perylene probe from MnO2 nanosheets. Journal of Materials Chemistry C; 5: 4691-4694.
• [12]. Mylarappa, M, Lakshmi, VV, Mahesh, KRV, Nagaswarupa, HP, and Raghavendra, N. 2016. A facile hydrothermal recovery of nano sealed MnO2 particle from waste batteries: An advanced material for electrochemical and environmental applications. International Conference on Advances in Materials and Manufacturing Applications (Iconamma-2016); 149: 12178.
• [13]. Şenol, AM, Metin, Ö, and Onganer, Y. 2019. A facile route for the preparation of silver nanoparticles-graphene oxide nanocomposites and their interactions with pyronin Y dye molecules. Dyes and Pigments; 162: 926-933.
• [14]. Xu, Y, Chen, X, Chai, R, Xing, C, Li, H, and Yin, XB. 2016. A magnetic/fluorometric bimodal sensor based on a carbon dots-MnO2 platform for glutathione detection. Nanoscale; 8: 13414-21.
• [15]. Wang, Y, Jiang, K, Zhu, J, Zhang, L, and Lin, H. 2015. A FRET-based carbon dot-MnO2 nanosheet architecture for glutathione sensing in human whole blood samples. Chem Commun (Camb); 51: 12748-51.
• [16]. Xiao, T, Sun, J, Zhao, J, Wang, S, Liu, G, and Yang, X. 2018. FRET Effect between Fluorescent Polydopamine Nanoparticles and MnO(2) Nanosheets and Its Application for Sensitive Sensing of Alkaline Phosphatase. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces; 10: 6560-6569.
• [17]. Sheng, J, Jiang, X, Wang, L, Yang, M, and Liu, YN. 2018. Biomimetic Mineralization Guided One-Pot Preparation of Gold Clusters Anchored Two-Dimensional MnO(2) Nanosheets for Fluorometric/Magnetic Bimodal Sensing. Anal Chem; 90: 2926-2932.
• [18]. Ali, HRH, Hassan, AI, Hassan, YF, and El-Wekil, MM. 2020. One pot fabrication of fluorescein functionalized manganese dioxide for fluorescence "Turn OFF-ON" sensing of hydrogen peroxide in water and cosmetic samples. RSC Adv; 10: 17506-17514.
• [19]. Zhou, B, Han, Y, Liu, J, Cheng, K, Dong, M, and Tang, X. 2023. Design and Synthesis of Novel Fluorescent Probe Based on Cyanobiphenyl and its Application in Detection of Hypochlorite. J Fluoresc; 33: 575-586.
• [20]. Şenol, AM and Bozkurt, E. 2023. A green “off–on” fluorescent sensor to detect Fe3+ and ATP using synthesized carbon dots from Rosehip. Research on Chemical Intermediates; 49: 2175-2189.
• [21]. Zhang, X, Miao, W, Li, C, Sun, X, Wang, K, and Ma, Y. 2015. Microwave-assisted rapid synthesis of birnessite-type MnO2 nanoparticles for high performance supercapacitor applications. Materials Research Bulletin; 71: 111-115.
• [22]. Zhou, J, Yu, L, Liu, W, Zhang, X, Mu, W, Du, X, Zhang, Z, and Deng, Y. 2015. High Performance All-solid Supercapacitors Based on the Network of Ultralong Manganese dioxide/Polyaniline Coaxial Nanowires. Sci Rep; 5: 17858.
• [23]. Agrawal, R, Adelowo, E, Baboukani, AR, Villegas, MF, Henriques, A, and Wang, C. 2017. Electrostatic Spray Deposition-Based Manganese Oxide Films-From Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage Materials to Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Integrands. Nanomaterials (Basel); 7: 198.
• [24]. Dinh, V-P, Le, N-C, Nguyen, T-P-T, and Nguyen, N-T. 2016. Synthesis ofα-MnO2Nanomaterial from a Precursorγ-MnO2: Characterization and Comparative Adsorption of Pb(II) and Fe(III). Journal of Chemistry; 2016: 1-9.
• [25]. Mahmoud, ME, Khalifa, MA, El-Mallah, NM, Hassouba, HM, and Nabil, GM. 2021. Performance of MnO2 nanoparticles-coated cationic CTAB for detoxification and decolorization of sulfonated remazol red and reactive black 5 dyes from water. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology; 19: 141-158.
• [26]. Said, MI, Rageh, AH, and Abdel-Aal, FAM. 2018. Fabrication of novel electrochemical sensors based on modification with different polymorphs of MnO(2) nanoparticles. Application to furosemide analysis in pharmaceutical and urine samples. RSC Adv; 8: 18698-18713.
• [27]. Xie, Y, Yu, Y, Gong, X, Guo, Y, Guo, Y, Wang, Y, and Lu, G. 2015. Effect of the crystal plane figure on the catalytic performance of MnO2for the total oxidation of propane. CrystEngComm; 17: 3005-3014.
• [28]. Sorouri, F, Gholibegloo, E, Mortezazadeh, T, Kiani, S, Foroumadi, A, Firoozpour, L, and Khoobi, M. 2023. Tannic acid-mediated synthesis of flower-like mesoporous MnO(2) nanostructures as T(1)-T(2) dual-modal MRI contrast agents and dual-enzyme mimetic agents. Sci Rep; 13: 14606.
• [29]. Godlaveeti, SK, Komatikunta, VK, Somala, AR, Sangaraju, S, Alshgari, RA, Mushab, MSS, Maseed, H, and Nagireddy, RR. 2023. Different Phase and Morphology of the MnO2 on Various Substrates and Electrolytes for Electrochemical Performance. Journal of Cluster Science; 34: 2725-2736.
• [30]. Shiraishi, Y, Yamada, C, and Hirai, T. 2019. A coumarin-dihydroperimidine dye as a fluorescent chemosensor for hypochlorite in 99% water. RSC Adv; 9: 28636-28641.
• [31]. Song, H, Zhou, Y, Xu, C, Wang, X, Zhang, J, Wang, Y, Liu, X, Guo, M, and Peng, X. 2019. A dual-function fluorescent probe: Sensitive detection of water content in commercial products and rapid detection of hypochlorite with a large Stokes shift. Dyes and Pigments; 162: 160-167.
• [32]. Zhu, Y, Li, G, Li, W, Luo, X, Hu, Z, and Wu, F. 2023. Facile synthesis of efficient red-emissive carbon quantum dots as a multifunctional platform for biosensing and bioimaging. Dyes and Pigments; 215: 111303.
• [33]. Kim, PA, Choe, D, So, H, Park, S, Suh, B, Jeong, S, Kim, KT, Kim, C, and Harrison, RG. 2021. A selective fluorescence sensor for hypochlorite used for the detection of hypochlorite in zebrafish. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc; 261: 120059.
• [34]. Wang, W, Ning, J-Y, Liu, J-T, Miao, J-Y, and Zhao, B-X. 2019. A mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescence sensor for the detection of hypochlorite in living cells. Dyes and Pigments; 171: 107708.