Examining the Relationship Between Co-Parenting and Power Sharing in Parents

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between "co-parenting relationships" and "power sharing between parents" of adults with children in primary school. In addition, co-parenting scores of parents and power sharing scores of parents were examined according to various demographic variables. In addition, the predictive power of power sharing among parents on co-parenting levels was also investigated. In this context, data were collected from 295 participants in Çanakkale province using demographic information form, Co-Parenting Relationships Scale and Power Sharing in Couple Relationships Scale. As a result of the analyses, it was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between co-parenting and parental power sharing. Co-parenting and parental power sharing did not differ depending on demographic variables (education level, employment status, income level, number of children), and co-parenting and parental power sharing had a negative and very weak relationship with parents' age. In addition, it was seen that power sharing in parents explained 34.4% of shared parenting levels. The findings were discussed in the context of the related literature.

Keywords

• Parenting
• Co-Parenting
• Power-Sharing in Parents
• Parenting Alliance
• Primary School Student

Ebeveynlerde Ortak Ebeveynlik ve Güç Paylaşımı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada ilkokulda çocuğu olan yetişkinlerin "ortak ebeveynlik ilişkileri" ve "ebeveynler arasındaki güç paylaşımları" arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Bununla birlikte ebeveynlerin ortak ebeveynlik puanları ve ebeveynlerde güç paylaşımı puanları çeşitli demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmiştir. Ayrıca ebeveynlerde güç paylaşımının ortak ebeveynlik düzeylerini yordama gücü de araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Çanakkale ilinde bulunan 295 katılımcıdan demografik bilgi formu, Ortak Ebeveynlik İlişkileri Ölçeği ve Çift İlişkilerinde Güç Paylaşımı Ölçeği kullanılarak veri toplanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ortak ebeveynlik ile ebeveynlerde güç paylaşımı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Ortak ebeveynlik ve ebeveynlerde güç paylaşımının demografik değişkenlere (eğitim durumu, çalışma durumu, gelir düzeyi, çocuk sayısı) bağlı olarak farklılaşmadığı, ortak ebeveynlik ve ebeveynlerde güç paylaşımının ebeveynlerin yaşıyla negatif yönde ve çok zayıf bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca ebeveynlerde güç paylaşımının ortak ebeveynlik düzeylerini %34.4 oranında açıkladığı görülmüştür. Bulgular ilgili literatür bağlamında tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ebeveynlik
• Ortak Ebeveynlik
• Ebeveynlerde Güç Paylaşımı
• Ebeveynlik İttifakı
• İlkokul öğrencisi

Kaynakça

1. Abela, A. ve Walker, J. (2014). Global changes in marriage, parenting and family life: An overview. A. Abela ve J. Walker (Ed.), Contemporary issues in family studies: Global perspectives on partnerships, parenting and support in a changing World içinde (5-15. ss.). West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
2. Arıcı-Şahin, F. (2017). Feminist yaklaşıma dayalı ilişki geliştirme programının güç paylaşımı, benlik yönelimleri ve çift uyumuna etkisi [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
3. Arıcı-Şahin, F. ve Keklik, I. (2019). Conceptualization of power sharing between partners in couple relationships: A scale development study in Turkey. Journal of Family Social Work, 22(3), 253-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2018. 1542649
4. Atwood, J. D. (2012). Couples and money: The last taboo. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 40(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2011.600674
5. Atwood, J. D. ve Scholtz, C. (2005). Power differentials in relationships: Who's the boss? Assessment and therapeutic considerations. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 4(4), 57-77. https://doi.org/10.1300/J398v04n04_04
6. Auspurg, K., Iacovou, M. ve Nicoletti, C. (2017). Housework share between partners: Experimental evidence on gender-specific preferences. Social Science Research, 66, 118-139. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.8668
7. Bay-Cheng, L. Y., Maguin, E. ve Bruns, A. E. (2018). Who wears the pants: The implications of gender and power for youth heterosexual relationships. The Journal of Sex Research, 55(1), 7-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016. 1276881
8. Bentley, C. G., Galliher, R. V. ve Ferguson, T. J. (2007). Associations among aspects of interpersonal power and relationship functioning in adolescent romantic couples. Sex Roles, 57(7), 483-495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9280-7

9. Bonach, K., Sales, E. ve Koeske, G. (2005). Gender differences in perceptions of coparenting quality among expartners. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 43(1- 2), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v43n01_01
10. Bonds, D. D. ve Gondoli, D. M. (2007). Examining the process by which marital adjustment affects maternal warmth: the role of coparenting support as a mediator. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(2), 288-296. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.21.2.288
11. Boričević Maršanić, V. ve Kušmić, E. (2013). Coparenting within the family system: Review of literature. Collegium Antropologicum, 37(4), 1379-1384. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çokluk, Ö. ve Köklü, N. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için istatistik. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
12. Cohen, O. ve Levin, L. (2012). Impact of financial and employment status on the co-parenting of divorcing couples in Israel. Journal of Family Studies, 18(1), 47- 61. https://doi.org/10.5172/jfs.2012.18.1.47
13. Çetin, M. (2020). Ortak ebeveynlik ve eğitimde aile katılımı: Güdüsel inançların arabuluculuk rolleri [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
14. Deal, J. E., Halverson Jr, C. F. ve Wampler, K. S. (1989). Parental agreement on child-rearing orientations: Relations to parental, marital, family, and child characteristics. Child Development, 60(5), 1025-1034. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130776
15. Deutsch, F. M. (2001). Equally shared parenting. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(1), 25-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00107
16. Deutsch, F. M., Roksa, J. ve Meeske, C. (2003). How gender counts when couples count their money. Sex Roles, 48(7), 291-304. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022982328840
17. Doucet, A. (2015). Parental responsibilities: Dilemmas of measurement and gender equality. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(1), 224-242. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12148
18. Dunbar, N. E. ve Burgoon, J. K. (2005). Perceptions of power and interactional dominance in interpersonal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22(2), 207-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407505050944
19. Feinberg, M. E. (2002). Coparenting and the transition to parenthood: A framework for prevention. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 5(3), 173-195. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1019695015110
20. Feinberg, M. E. (2003). The internal structure and ecological context of coparenting: A framework for research and intervention. Parenting: Science and Practice, 3(2), 95-131. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327922PAR0302_01
21. Feinberg, M. E., Brown, L. D. ve Kan, M. L. (2012). A multi-domain self-report measure of coparenting. Parenting, 12(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2012.638870
22. Fosco, G. M. ve Grych, J. H. (2010). Adolescent triangulation into parental conflicts: Longitudinal implications for appraisals and adolescent‐parent relations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(2), 254-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00697.x
23. Fuller-Thomson, E., Serbinski, S. ve McCormack, L. (2014). The rewards of caring for grandchildren: Black Canadian grandmothers who are custodial parents, co-parents, and extensive babysitters. Grand Families: The Contemporary Journal of Research, Practice and Policy, 1(1), 4-31.
24. Gable, S., Belsky, J. ve Crnic, K. (1992). Marriage, parenting, and child development: Progress and prospects. Journal of Family Psychology, 5(3-4), 276. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.5.3-4.276
25. Gaunt, R. (2008). Maternal gatekeeping: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Family Issues, 29(3), 373-395. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X07307851
26. Gray-Little, B., Baucom, D. H. ve Hamby, S. L. (1996). Marital power, marital adjustment, and therapy outcome. Journal of Family Psychology, 10(3), 292. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.10.3.292
27. Grych, J. H. (2002). Marital relationships and parenting. M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Social conditions and applied parenting içinde (pp. 203–225). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
28. Haley, J. (1976). Problem-solving therapy. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
29. Hock, R. M., ve Mooradian, J. K. (2012). Co‐parenting quality among adoptive mothers: Contributions of socioeconomic status, child demands and adult relationship characteristics. Child & Family Social Work, 17(1), 85-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2206.2011.00775.x
30. Jia, R. ve Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J. (2011). Relations between coparenting and father involvement in families with preschool-age children. Developmental Psychology, 47(1), 106. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020802
31. Kaura, S. A. ve Allen, C. M. (2004). Dissatisfaction with relationship power and dating violence perpetration by men and women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19(5), 576-588. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260504262966
32. Kuo, P. X., Volling, B. L. ve Gonzalez, R. (2017). His, hers, or theirs? Coparenting after the birth of a second child. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(6), 710. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000321
33. Margolin, G., Gordis, E. B. ve John, R. S. (2001). Coparenting: a link between marital conflict and parenting in two-parent families. Journal of family Psychology, 15(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.15.1.3
34. McDaniel, B. T., Teti, D. M. ve Feinberg, M. E. (2018). Predicting coparenting quality in daily life in mothers and fathers. Journal of Family Psychology, 32(7), 904. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000443
35. McHale, J. P., Kuersten-Hogan, R. ve Rao, N. (2004). Growing points for coparenting theory and research. Journal of Adult Development, 11(3), 221-234. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JADE.0000035629.29960.ed
36. McHale, J., Waller, M. R. ve Pearson, J. (2012). Coparenting interventions for fragile families: What do we know and where do we need to go next?. Family Process, 51(3), 284-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2012.01402.x
37. Minuchin P. (1985). Families an individual development: Provocations from the field of family therapy. Child Development, 56, 289–302. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129720
38. Molla Cusi, L., Günther-Bel, C., Vilaregut Puigdesens, A., Camprecios Orriols, M. ve Matali Costa, J. L. (2020). Instruments for the Assessment of Coparenting: A Systematic Review. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(9), 2487-2506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01769-3
39. Murphy, S. E., Gallegos, M. I., Jacobvitz, D. B. ve Hazen, N. L. (2017). Coparenting dynamics: Mothers' and fathers' differential support and involvement. Personal Relationships, 24(4), 917-932. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12221
40. Nelson, L. E., Thach, C. T., Shelton, M. M. ve Boyer, C. B. (2015). Co-parenting relationship experiences of Black adolescent mothers in active romantic partnerships with the fathers of their children. Journal of Family Nursing, 21(3), 413-442. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840714560753
41. Özdemir, Y., Sağkal, A. S., Salman-Engin, S., Çevik, A. Ç. ve Gür, G. (2020). Türkiye’de birlikte ebeveynlik deneyimleri: Nitel bir çalışma. Nesne Dergisi, 8(16), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-08-16-04
42. Petren, R. E., Ferraro, A. J., Davis, T. R. ve Pasley, K. (2017). Factors linked with coparenting support and conflict after divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 58(3), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2017.1300013
43. Rootes, H. K. M., Jankowski, P. J. ve Sandage, S. J. (2010). Bowen family systems theory and spirituality: Exploring the relationship between triangulation and religious questing. Contemporary Family Therapy, 32(2), 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-009-9101-y
44. Sayan Karahan, A. (2021). Boşanma sürecinde ortak ebeveynlik ve ortak velayete ilişkin bir derleme. OPUS-Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18(44), 8500-8523. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.970966
45. Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., Brown, G. L., Cannon, E. A., Mangelsdorf, S. C. ve Sokolowski, M. S. (2008). Maternal gatekeeping, coparenting quality, and fathering behavior in families with infants. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(3), 389. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.22.3.389
46. Sönmez, A. C. (2021). Ebeveynliğe geçiş sürecinde olan ve olmayan evli bireylerin güç paylaşımı ve rol beklentileri bakımından incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Denizli.
47. Steil, J. M. ve Turetsky, B. A. (1987). Is equal better? The relationship between marital equality and psychological symptomatology. Applied Social Psychology Annual, 7, 73-97.
48. Tang, C. S. K. (1999). Marital power and aggression in a community sample of Hong Kong Chinese families. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14(6), 586-602. https://doi.org/10.1177/088626099014006002
49. Van Egeren, L. A. (2003). Prebirth predictors of coparenting experiences in early infancy. Infant Mental Health Journal: Official Publication of The World Association for Infant Mental Health, 24(3), 278-295. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.10056
50. Van Egeren, L. A. ve Hawkins, D. P. (2004). Coming to terms with coparenting: Implications of definition and measurement. Journal of Adult Development, 11(3), 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JADE.0000035625.74672.0b
51. Varga, C. M. ve Gee, C. B. (2017). Co-parenting, relationship quality, and father involvement in African American and Latino adolescents. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 63(2), 210-236. https://doi.org/10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.63.2.0210
52. Vrabel, J. K., Zeigler-Hill, V., Lehtman, M. ve Hernandez, K. (2020). Narcissism and perceived power in romantic relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 37(1), 124-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407519858685