PRETERM BEBEKLERİN UZUN DÖNEMLİ NÖROGELİŞİMSEL SORUNLARI VE AİLELERİNİN BU SÜREÇTEN ETKİLENİMLERİ

Rahime Gökboğa; Sultan Tarlacı

doi:10.36731/cg.1706555

TR EN

PRETERM BEBEKLERİN UZUN DÖNEMLİ NÖROGELİŞİMSEL SORUNLARI VE AİLELERİNİN BU SÜREÇTEN ETKİLENİMLERİ

Abstract

Ailelerin evlilik sürecinde çocuk sahibi olmaya dair verdikleri karar; yaşamı onlar için anlamlı kılan ve iyi oluş hallerini arttıran bir durumdur. Ancak bir yandan da çocuk sahibi olmak çiftler için yoğun stres faktörleri arasındadır. Bebeklerin aile üyelerinin beklediği gibi zamanında, sağlıklı şekilde dünyaya gelmemesi ve gelişimsel risklerinin olması; ailelerde yoğun endişe başta olmak üzere zorlayıcı farklı durumlar görülmesine neden olmaktadır. Alanda yapılan araştırmalar; özellikle erken doğmuş bebeklerin ebeveynlerinin depresyon ve diğer ruh sağlığı sorunları bakımından yüksek risk altında olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu durum ailenin iyi olma halini ve bebeğin gelişimini olumsuz şekilde etkileyebilmektedir. Ülkemizdeki uygulamaları çok daha yakın tarihe dayanan erken müdahale çalışmaları; fizyoterapi, çocuk gelişimi, özel eğitim, ergoterapi, dil ve konuşma terapisi ekseninde karşılık bulmakta ve ağırlıklı olarak çocuğun ihtiyaçlarına göre yani çocuk merkezli olarak uygulanmaktadır. Ancak ailenin ihtiyaçları göz önüne alındığında; ailelerin mevcut durumdan etkilenme düzeylerinin çocuğun iyilik halini de olumsuz olarak etkilediği görülmektedir. Bu yüzden özellikle psikologların diğer meslek grupları ile koordinasyon içerisinde çalışmalar yapması, erken müdahale uygulamalarının yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinden (YYBÜ) itibaren başlaması ve aile merkezli olması; bağlanma başta olmak üzere çocuğun gelişimi ve ailenin iyilik hali için son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; prematüre bebeklerin uzun vadeli nöro gelişimsel sorunları, ailelerinin etkilenimleri ve bu zorlanmaların çocuklarının gelişimine nasıl yansıdığına ilişkin yapılan çalışmaları detaylı olarak incelemektir. Yapılan araştırmanın; ülkemizdeki uygulamalar açısından sunulan öneriler ile gelecek vadede yapılacak çalışmalar için ışık tutması amaçlanmaktadır.

Keywords

LONG-TERM NEURODEVELOPMENTAL PROBLEMS OF PRETERM INFANTS AND THE EFFECTS OF THIS PROCESS ON THEIR FAMILIES

Abstract

The decision of to have children during marriage is a situation that makes life meaningful for families and increases their well-being. However, having a child is also among the intense stress factors for couples. If infants are not born on time also healthy as expected by family members and have developmental risks; It causes different challenging situations, especially intense anxiety, in families. Research conducted in the field show that especially parents of premature babies are at high risk for depression and other mental health problems. This situation can negatively affect the family's well-being and the baby's development. In our country the early intervention studies whose practices date back to much more recent history; finds its counterpart on the axis of physiotherapy, child development, special education, occupational therapy, language and speech therapy, and is applied mainly according to the needs of the child, that is, in a child-centered approach. However, considering the needs of the family; seen that families' level of influence from the current situation also negatively affects the child's well-being. For this reason, especially psychologists should work in coordination with other professional groups, early intervention practices should start from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and be family-centered; extremely important for the child's development, especially attachment, and the well-being of the family. The purpose of this study; to examine in detail the studies on the long-term neurodevelopmental problems of premature babies, the effects of this situation for their families and families' psychological strains how reflects on the development of their children. The research conducted; It is aimed to shed light on future studies with the suggestions presented in terms of practices in our country.

Keywords

References

Aassve, A., Goisis, A., & Sironi, M. (2012). Happiness and childbearing across Europe. Social Indicators Research, 108(1), 65-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9866-x
Adhikari, K., Patten, S. B., Williamson, T., Patel, A. B., Premji, S., Tough, S., Letourneau, N., Giesbrecht, G., & Metcalfe, A. (2020). Neighbourhood socioeconomic status modifies the association between anxiety and depression during pregnancy and preterm birth: A community-based Canadian cohort study. BMJ Open, 10(2), e031035. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031035
Adams, R. C., Tapia, C., Murphy, N. A., Norwood Jr., K. W., Burke, R. T., Friedman, S. L., Houtrow, A. J., Kalichman, M. A., Kuo, D. Z., Levy, S. E., Turchi, R. M., Wiley, S. E., Bridgemohan, C., Peacock, G., Strickland, B., Wells, N., Wiznitzer, M., & Mucha, S. (2013). Early intervention, IDEA Part C services, and the medical home: Collaboration for best practice and best outcomes. Pediatrics, 132(4), e1073-e1088. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-2305
Adde, L., Rygg, M., Lossius, K., Øberg, G. K., & Støen, R. (2007). General movement assessment: predicting cerebral palsy in clinical practise. Early Human Development, 83(1), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.03.005
Akçakaya, N. H., Altunalan, T., Doğan, T. D., Yılmaz, A., & Yapıcı, Z. (2019). Correlation of Prechtl Qualitative Assessment of General Movement Analysis with Neurological Evaluation: The Importance of Inspection in Infants. Turkish Journal of Neurology, 25(2), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.4274/tnd.galenos.2018.98598
Akçakaya, N. H. (2020). Çocuklukta Engelliliğin En Sık Sebebi Nedir? Serebral Palsi Spektrumuna Nadir Hastalıklar Açısından Bakış. Medical Bulletin of Haseki/Haseki Tıp Bülteni, 58(4), 351-358. https://doi.org/10.4274/haseki.galenos.2020.5984
Akçakaya, N., Altunalan, T., Doğan, T., Yılmaz, A., & Yapıcı, Z. (2019). Correlation of Prechtl Qualitative Assessment of General Movement Analysis with Neurological Evaluation: The Importance of Inspection in Infants. Turkish Journal of Neurology, 25(2), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.4274/tnd.galenos.2018.98598
Akman İ., Eldeş Hacıfazlıoğlu N. (2018). Nörogelişimsel problemler açısından yüksek riskli bebekler-de erken tanı ve izlem prensipleri. TOTBİD Dergisi, 17:405-413. https://doi.org/10.14292/totbid.dergisi.2018.53 Allen, M. C., Donohue, P. K., & Dusman, A. E. (1993). The limit of viability—neonatal outcome of infants born at 22 to 25 weeks' gestation. New England Journal of Medicine, 329(22), 1597–1601. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199311253292205

Allin, M., Rooney, M., Cuddy, M., Wyatt, J., Walshe, M., Rifkin, L., & Murray, R. (2006). Personality in young adults who are born preterm. Pediatrics, 117(2), 309–316. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-0542
Alsadaan, N., Ramadan, O. M. E., Alqahtani, M., Shaban, M., Elsharkawy, N. B., Abdelaziz, E. M., & Ali, S. I. (2023). Impacts of integrating family-centered care and developmental care principles on neonatal neurodevelopmental outcomes among high-risk neonates. Children, 10(11), 1751. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10111751
Altunalan, T., Sarı, Z., Doğan, T. D., Hacıfazlıoğlu, N. E., Akman, İ., Altıntaş, T., Yalaz, K., & Akçakaya, N. H. (2023). Early developmental support for preterm infants based on exploratory behaviors: A parallel randomized controlled study. Brain and Behavior, 13(11), e3266. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.3266
Alzawad, Z., Lewis, F. M., & Walker, A. (2022). Parents’ challenges beyond the pediatric intensive care unit: Fraying at the seams while balancing between two worlds, home and hospital. Children, 9(2), 267. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020267
Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2013) Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı, Beşinci Baskı (DSM-5) (Çev. ed.: E Köroğlu). Ankara, Hekimler Yayın Birliği, 2013.
Anderson, C., & Cacola, P. (2017). Implications of preterm birth for maternal mental health and infant development. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 42(2), 108–114. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000311
Arabzadeh, M., Tirgari, B., Farokhzadian, J., & Mohammadalizadeh, S. (2022). Family environment, parental stressors, and post-traumatic stress disorder in the parents of premature infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine (JPNIM), 11(2), e110232. https://doi.org/10.7363/110232
Ares, E. M. T., Souto, P. M. I., Gómez, S. L., & Torres, R. M. R. (2020). Neurodevelopmental difficulties as a comprehensive category of learning disabilities in children with developmental delay: A systematic review. Anales de Psicología, 36(2), 271–283. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.362401
Arı, D. A., Yiğit, Ş., Toygar, A. K., & Yurdakök, M. (2022). Prematüre Bebeklerde Intrakranial Kanamanın Etiyolojisi ve Prognozu, Kohort Araştırması. Journal of Current Pediatrics / Güncel Pediatri, 20(3), 295–302. https://doi.org/10.4274/jcp.2022.85962
Ayisibea, P., & Kwakyewaa-Bosompem, S. (2020). Identifying nursing practices that facilitate Mother-Premature Baby Bond in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).
Austin, E. W., Pinkleton, B. E., Radanielina-Hita, M. L., & Ran, W. (2015). The role of parents’ critical thinking about media in shaping expectancies, efficacy and nutrition behaviors for families. Health Communication, 30(12), 1256–1268. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2014.930550
Aylward, G. P. (2014). Neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born prematurely. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 35(6), 394–407. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000091
Baraldi, E., Allodi, M. W., Smedler, A. C., Westrup, B., Löwing, K., & Ådén, U. (2020). Parents’ experiences of the first year at home with an infant born extremely preterm with and without post-discharge intervention: ambivalence, loneliness, and relationship impact. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9326. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249326
Barba-Müller, E., Craddock, S., Carmona, S., & Hoekzema, E. (2019). Brain plasticity in pregnancy and the postpartum period: links to maternal caregiving and mental health. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 22, 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-018-0889-z
Baron, I. S., & Rey-Casserly, C. (2010). Extremely preterm birth outcome: a review of four decades of cognitive research. Neuropsychology Review, 20, 430–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-010-9142-0
Baron, I. S., Litman, F. R., Ahronovich, M. D., & Baker, R. (2012). Late preterm birth: a review of medical and neuropsychological childhood outcomes. Neuropsychology Review, 22, 438–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-012-9210-4
Barlow, K. M., Thomson, E., Johnson, D., & Minns, R. A. (2005). Late neurologic and cognitive sequelae of inflicted traumatic brain injury in infancy. Pediatrics, 116(2), e174–e185.https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-2739
Barnett, M. A., Deng, M., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Willoughby, M., & Cox, M. (2008). Interdependence of parenting of mothers and fathers of infants. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(4), 561–573. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.22.4.561
Batalle, D., Edwards, A. D., & O'Muircheartaigh, J. (2018). Annual research review: Not just a small adult brain: Understanding later neurodevelopment through imaging the neonatal brain. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(4), 350–371. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12848
Beck, C. T., & Woynar, J. (2017). Posttraumatic stress in mothers while their preterm infants are in the newborn intensive care unit: A mixed research synthesis. ANS: Advances in Nursing Science, 40(4), 337–355. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000186
Bener, A. (2013). Psychological distress among postpartum mothers of preterm infants and associated factors: A neglected public health problem. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 35(3), 231–236. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2012-0879
Bergman, N. J. (2019). Birth practices: Maternal‐neonate separation as a source of toxic stress. Birth Defects Research, 111(15), 1087–1109. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.1520
Bergman, N. J., Ludwig, R. J., Westrup, B., Welch, M. G., & Spicer, J. (2019). Nurturescience versus neuroscience: A case for rethinking perinatal mother–infant behaviors and relationship. Birth Defects Research, 111(15), 1110–1127. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.1521
Bhattacharjee, S. (2020). A Review on the Types, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Cerebral Palsy. Indian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 31(4), 97–103. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpmr.ijpmr_45_20
Bick, J., Lipschutz, R., Tabachnick, A., Biekman, B., Katz, D., Simons, R., & Dozier, M. (2022). Timing of adoption is associated with electrophysiological brain activity and externalizing problems among children adopted internationally. Developmental Psychobiology, 64(4), e22249. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22249
Blencowe, H., Cousens, S., Oestergaard, M. Z., et al. (2012). National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: A systematic analysis and implications. The Lancet, 379(9832), 2162–2172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60820-4
Brooks, J. L., Holditch-Davis, D., Docherty, S. L., & Theodorou, C. S. (2016). Birthing and parenting a premature infant in a cultural context. Qualitative Health Research, 26(3), 387–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315573018
Bogdan, R. D., Bohiltea, R. E., & Toma, A. I. (2022). Respiratory follow up of the premature neonates—rationale and practical issues. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(6), 1746. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061746
Bonis, S. A., & Sawin, K. J. (2016). Risks and protective factors for stress self-management in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: An integrated review of the literature. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 31(6), 567–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2016.07.002
Boone Blanchard, S., Ryan Newton, J., Didericksen, K. W., Daniels, M., & Glosson, K. (2021). Confronting racism and bias within early intervention: The responsibility of systems and individuals to influence change and advance equity. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 41(1), 6–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121421992814
Borelli, J. L., Slade, A., Pettit, C., & Shai, D. (2020). I “get” you, babe: Reflective functioning in partners transitioning to parenthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 37(6), 1785–1805. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407520907628
Bowlby, J. (1979). The bowlby-ainsworth attachment theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2(4), 637–638. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00064955
Bradley, R. H., & Corwyn, R. F. (2005). Caring for children around the world: A view from HOME. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(6), 468–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/01650250500146925
Brazelton, T. B., & Nugent, J. K. (2011). The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (4th ed.). London: McKeith/Blackwell Press.
Brett, J., Staniszewska, S., Newburn, M., Jones, N., & Taylor, L. (2011). A systematic mapping review of effective interventions for communicating with, supporting and providing information to parents of preterm infants. BMJ Open, 1(1), e000023. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2010-000023
Brown, J. D., & Marshall, M. A. (2013). The three faces of self-esteem. In Self-esteem issues and answers (pp. 4–9). Psychology Press.
Bullock, L. W. (2005). A case study of collaboration among an Early Head Start program, early intervention agencies and families for the provision of services to infants and toddlers with disabilities. The Catholic University of America.
Burrows, A. (2020). Developmental Care in the NICU: Best Practices for Preterm Infants, Expectations of Healthcare Providers, and Impact on Parents and Families.
Bush, N. R., Wakschlag, L. S., LeWinn, K. Z., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Nozadi, S. S., Pieper, S., ... & Posner, J. (2020). Family environment, neurodevelopmental risk, and the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) initiative: Looking back and moving forward. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 547. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00547
Bühler, J. L., Krauss, S., & Orth, U. (2021). Development of relationship satisfaction across the life span: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 147(10), 1012–1049. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000342
Carty, C. L., Soghier, L. M., Kritikos, K. I., Tuchman, L. K., Jiggetts, M., Glass, P., & Fratantoni, K. R. (2018). The Giving Parents Support Study: A randomized clinical trial of a parent navigator intervention to improve outcomes after neonatal intensive care unit discharge. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 70, 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2018.04.003
Castellanos, F. X., Lee, P. P., Sharp, W., Jeffries, N. O., Greenstein, D. K., Clasen, L. S., ... & Rapoport, J. L. (2002). Developmental trajectories of brain volume abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. JAMA, 288(14), 1740–1748. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.14.1740
CDC. Cerebral Palsy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/cp/facts.html. Erişim tarihi: 25.05.2025.
Charpak, N., & Gabriel Ruiz‐Peláez, J. (2006). Resistance to implementing Kangaroo Mother Care in developing countries, and proposed solutions. Acta Paediatrica, 95(5), 529–534. https://doi.org/10.1080/08035250500437295
Chaudhari, S. (2011). Neonatal intensive care practices harmful to the developing brain. Indian Pediatrics, 48(6), 437–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-011-0085-5
Cheong, J. L. Y., Burnett, A. C., Treyvaud, K., & Doyle, L. W. (2020). Early environment and long-term outcomes of preterm infants. Journal of Neural Transmission, 127(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-019-02164-5
Chinitz, S., Guzman, H., Amstutz, E., Kohchi, J., & Alkon, M. (2017). Improving outcomes for babies and toddlers in child welfare: A model for infant mental health intervention and collaboration. Child Abuse & Neglect, 70, 190–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.05.015
Chokron, S., & Dutton, G. N. (2016). Impact of cerebral visual impairments on motor skills: Implications for developmental coordination disorders. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1471. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01471
Chokron, S., & Dutton, G. N. (2023). From vision to cognition: Potential contributions of cerebral visual impairment to neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of Neural Transmission, 130(3), 409–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-023-02560-9
Coertze, T. (2019). Effectiveness of the implementation of psycho-educational sessions on parental stress in a neonatal intensive care unit (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria).
Counsell, S. J., & Boardman, J. P. (2005). Differential brain growth in the infant born preterm: current knowledge and future developments from brain imaging. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 10(5), 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2005.04.004
Craig, L., Sims, R., Glasziou, P., & Thomas, R. (2020). Women’s experiences of a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03426-6
Cristóbal-Cañadas, D., Bonillo-Perales, A., Casado-Belmonte, M. D. P., Galera-Martínez, R., & Parrón-Carreño, T. (2021). Mapping the field in stress, anxiety, and postpartum depression in mothers of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care. Children, 8(9), 730. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8090730
Çınar, N., Yalnızoğlu Çaka, S., Topal, S., & Uslu Yuvacı, H. (2022). Relationship between prenatal and maternal attachment: A longitudinal study from Turkey. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 42(2), 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2021.1905071
Darmstadt, G. L., Al Jaifi, N. H., Arif, S., Bahl, R., Blennow, M., Cavallera, V., Chou, D., Chou, R., Comrie-Thomson, L., Edmond, K., Feng, Q., Fernandez Riera, P., Grummer-Strawn, L., Gupta, S., Hill, Z., Idowu, A. A., Kenner, C., Nakibuuka Kirabira, V., Klinkott, R., De Leon-Mendoza, S., Mader, S., Manji, K., Marriott, R., Morgues, M., Nangia, S., Portela, A., Rao, S., Shahidullah, M., Tran, H. T., Weeks, A. D., Worku, B., Yunis, K. (2023). New World Health Organization recommendations for care of preterm or low birth weight infants: health policy. EClinicalMedicine, 63, 102155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102155
Da Fonseca, E. B., Damião, R., & Moreira, D. A. (2020). Preterm birth prevention. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 69, 40–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.005
De Rooij, I., & Gravesteijn, C. (2018). How the parent-adolescent relationship affects well-being in Dutch parents? Health Education, 118(3), 198–211. https://doi.org/10.1108/HE-09-2017-0049
Deaton, A., & Stone, A. (2014). Evaluative and hedonic well-being among those with and without children at home. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(4), 1328–1333. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1311600111
Dedecik, H. D., & Arslan, F. T. (2023). Bir Rehber Geliştirme Çalışması: Kanguru Bakımı. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 402–420. https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1354906
Di Stefano, L., Mills, C., Watkins, A., & Wilkinson, D. (2020). Ectogestation ethics: The implications of artificially extending gestation for viability, newborn resuscitation and abortion. Bioethics, 34(4), 371–384. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12705
Do, C. H. T., Kruse, A. Y., Wills, B., Sabanathan, S., Clapham, H., Pedersen, F. K., ... & Børresen, M. L. (2020). Neurodevelopment at 2 years corrected age among Vietnamese preterm infants. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 105(2), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-316701
Doiron, K. M., Stack, D. M., Dickson, D. J., Bouchard, S., & Serbin, L. A. (2022). Co-regulation and parenting stress over time in full-term, very low birthweight preterm, and psycho-socially at-risk infant–mother dyads: Implications for fostering the development of healthy relationships. Infant Behavior and Development, 68, 101731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101731
Doyle, L. W., Anderson, P. J., Battin, M., Bowen, J. R., Brown, N., Callanan, C., Campbell, C., Chandler, S., Cheong, J., Darlow, B., Davis, P. G., DePaoli, T., French, N., McPhee, A., Morris, S., O’Callaghan, M., Rieger, I., Roberts, G., Spittle, A. J., Wolke, D., & Woodward, L. J. (2014). Long term follow up of high risk children: Who, why and how? BMC Pediatrics, 14, 279. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-14-279
Du Plessis, A., & Volpe, J. J. (2018). Neural Tube Development. In J. J. Volpe (Ed.), Neurology of the Newborn (6th ed., pp. 3–33). Amsterdam: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-42876-7.00001-3
Einspieler, C., & Prechtl, H. F. R. (2005). Prechtl's assessment of general movements: A diagnostic tool for the functional assessment of the young nervous system. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 11(1), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.20051
Einspieler, C., Marschik, P. B., Bos, A. F., Ferrari, F., Cioni, G., & Prechtl, H. F. R. (2012). Early markers for cerebral palsy: Insights from the assessment of general movements. Future Neurology, 7(6), 709–717. https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl.12.60
Einspieler, C., Bos, A. F., Krieber-Tomantschger, M., Alvarado, E., Barbosa, V. M., Bertoncelli, N., Cioni, G., Einspieler, S., Guzzetta, A., Hadders-Algra, M., Ijzendoorn, M. H., Martínez-Biarge, M., Papageorgiou, A., Pascale, R., Romeo, D. M., Spittle, A. J., Thornton, M., Valentini, N. C., Yuge, M., & Marschik, P. B. (2019). Cerebral palsy: Early markers of clinical phenotype and functional outcome. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(10), 1616. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101616
Elias, M. J., Tobias, S. E., & Friedlander, B. S. (2011). Emotionally intelligent parenting: How to raise a self-disciplined, responsible, socially skilled child. New York: Harmony Books.
Engle, W. A., Tomashek, K. M., Wallman, C., & Committee on Fetus and Newborn. (2007). “Late-preterm” infants: A population at risk. Pediatrics, 120(6), 1390–1401. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-2952
Feldman, R. (2004). Mother–infant skin-to-skin contact (Kangaroo Care): Theoretical, clinical, and empirical aspects. Infants & Young Children, 17(2), 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001163-200404000-00007
Feldman, S. S., & Nash, S. C. (1984). The transition from expectancy to parenthood: Impact of the firstborn child on men and women. Sex Roles, 11, 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00287433
Feldman, R., Weller, A., Leckman, J. F., Kuint, J., & Eidelman, A. I. (1999). The nature of a mother's tie to her infant: Maternal bonding under conditions of proximity, separation, and potential loss. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(6), 929–939. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00510
Feldman, R., Weller, A., Sirota, L., & Eidelman, A. I. (2002). Skin-to-skin contact (Kangaroo Care) promotes self-regulation in premature infants: Sleep-wake cyclicity, arousal modulation, and sustained exploration. Developmental Psychology, 38(2), 194–207. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.38.2.194
Feldman, R., Weller, A., Zagoory-Sharon, O., & Levine, A. (2007). Evidence for a neuroendocrinological foundation of human affiliation: Plasma oxytocin levels across pregnancy and the postpartum period predict mother–infant bonding. Psychological Science, 18(11), 965–970. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02010.x
Ferber, S. G., & Makhoul, I. R. (2004). The effect of skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo care) shortly after birth on the neurobehavioral responses of the term newborn: A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics, 113(4), 858–865. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.4.858
Ferrari, F., Plessi, C., Lucaccioni, L., Bertoncelli, N., Bedetti, L., Ori, L., Magnani, C., Cavallaro, G., Veneri, F., Cioni, G., Franchi, E., Sola, M. C., Tinelli, C., D’Amico, R. (2019). Motor and postural patterns concomitant with general movements are associated with cerebral palsy at term and fidgety age in preterm infants. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(8), 1189. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081189
Ferreira, R. D. C., Alves, C. R. L., Guimarães, M. A. P., Menezes, K. K. P. D., & Magalhães, L. D. C. (2020). Effects of early interventions focused on the family in the development of children born preterm and/or at social risk: A meta-analysis. Jornal de Pediatria, 96(S1), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2019.08.004
Ferrey, A. E., Santascoy, N., McCrory, E. J., Thompson-Booth, C., Mayes, L. C., & Rutherford, H. J. V. (2016). Motivated attention and reward in parenting. Parenting, 16(4), 284–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2016.1184927
Festante, F., Antonelli, C., Chorna, O., Corsi, G., & Guzzetta, A. (2019). Parent–infant interaction during the first year of life in infants at high risk for cerebral palsy: A systematic review of the literature. Neural Plasticity, 2019, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5759694
Fisher, D., Khashu, M., Adama, E. A., Feeley, N., Garfield, C. F., Ireland, J., Lloyd, H., McKechnie, L., & van Teijlingen, E. (2018). Fathers in neonatal units: Improving infant health by supporting the baby–father bond and mother–father coparenting. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 24(6), 306–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnn.2018.08.007
Flacking, R., Ewald, U., Nyqvist, K. H., & Starrin, B. (2006). Trustful bonds: A key to “becoming a mother” and to reciprocal breastfeeding. Stories of mothers of very preterm infants at a neonatal unit. Social Science & Medicine, 62(1), 70–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.05.026
Flacking, R., Thomson, G., & Axelin, A. (2016). Pathways to emotional closeness in neonatal units – A cross-national qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16, 170. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-0931-5
Fowler, C., Green, J., Elliott, D., Petty, J., & Whiting, L. (2019). The forgotten mothers of extremely preterm babies: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(11–12), 2124–2134. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14822
Franck, L. S., & O’Brien, K. (2019). The evolution of family‐centered care: From supporting parent‐delivered interventions to a model of family integrated care. Birth Defects Research, 111(15), 1044–1059. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.1521
Franck, L. S., Kriz, R. M., Bisgaard, R., Gay, C. L., Sossaman, S., Sossaman, J., Gobel, B., Green, A., & Sun, Y. (2023). Parent readiness for their preterm infant's neonatal intensive care unit discharge. The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 37(1), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1097/JPN.0000000000000683
Galeano, M. D., & Carvajal, B. V. (2016). Coping in mothers of premature newborns after hospital discharge. Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews, 16(3), 105–109. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.nainr.2016.08.011
Gallegos, M. I., Jacobvitz, D. B., & Hazen, N. L. (2020). Marital interaction quality over the transition to parenthood: The role of parents’ perceptions of spouses’ parenting. Journal of Family Psychology, 34(6), 766–776. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000631
Gandecha, H., Kaur, A., Sanghera, R., Preece, J., & Pillay, T. (2022). Nutrition and immunity in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury. Nutrients, 14(13), 2747. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132747
Givrad, S., Hartzell, G., & Scala, M. (2021). Promoting infant mental health in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU): A review of nurturing factors and interventions for NICU infant-parent relationships. Early Human Development, 154, 105281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105281
Glass, H. C., Costarino, A. T., Stayer, S. A., Brett, C. M., Cladis, F., & Davis, P. J. (2015). Outcomes for extremely premature infants. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 120(6), 1337–1351. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000000705
Gökboğa, R. (2021). Erken müdahale uygulama örneği: Bireyselleştirilmiş aile hizmet planı (BAHP). (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Biruni Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Gökboğa, R., & Ceyhun, A. T. (2023). Erken Müdahale ve Bireyselleştirilmiş Aile Hizmet Planı (BAHP). Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Guralnick, M. J. (2012). Preventive interventions for preterm children: Effectiveness and developmental mechanisms. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 33(4), 352–364. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e31824eaa3c
Gutiérrez, S. S. R., García, P. E., Prellezo, A. S., Paulí, L. R., Del Castillo, B. L., & Sánchez, R. B. (2020). Emotional support for parents with premature children admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit: A qualitative phenomenological study. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 62(3), 436–449. https://doi.org/10.24953/turkjped.2020.03.013
Hack, M., & Costello, D. W. (2007). Decrease in frequency of cerebral palsy in preterm infants. The Lancet, 369(9555), 7–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60025-0
Hadders-Algra, M. (2018). Early human brain development: Starring the subplate. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 92, 276–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.017
Hadders-Algra, M. (2021). Early diagnostics and early intervention in neurodevelopmental disorders—Age-dependent challenges and opportunities. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(4), 861. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040861
Haemmerli, N. S., Lemola, S., Holditch-Davis, D., & Cignacco, E. (2020). Comparative evaluation of parental stress experiences up to 2 to 3 years after preterm and term birth. Advances in Neonatal Care, 20(4), 301–310. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANC.0000000000000700
Hall, S. L., Ryan, D. J., Beatty, J., & Grubbs, L. (2015). Recommendations for peer-to-peer support for NICU parents. Journal of Perinatology, 35(S1), S9–S13. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2015.143
Harmony, T. (2021). Early diagnosis and treatment of infants with prenatal and perinatal risk factors for brain damage at the neurodevelopmental research unit in Mexico. NeuroImage, 235, 117984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117984
Hatch, V., Swerbenski, H., & Gray, S. A. O. (2020). Family social support buffers the intergenerational association of maternal adverse childhood experiences and preschoolers’ externalizing behavior. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 90(4), 489–500. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000459
Hearn, G., Clarkson, G., & Day, M. (2020). The role of the NICU in father involvement, beliefs, and confidence: A follow-up qualitative study. Advances in Neonatal Care, 20(1), 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANC.0000000000000660
Hebbeler, K., Spiker, D., Bailey, D., Scarborough, A., Mallik, S., Simeonsson, R., & Nelson, L. (2007). Early intervention for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families: Participants, services, and outcomes. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International.
Heermann, J. A., Wilson, M. E., & Wilhelm, P. A. (2005). Mothers in the NICU: Outsider to partner. Pediatric Nursing, 31(3), 176–181.
Hildingsson, I., & Rubertsson, C. (2022). Postpartum bonding and association with depressive symptoms and prenatal attachment in women with fear of birth. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 903. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-05209-0
Hinojosa-Rodríguez, M., Harmony, T., Carrillo-Prado, C., Van Horn, J. D., Irimia, A., Torgerson, C. M., & Jacokes, Z. (2017). Clinical neuroimaging in the preterm infant: Diagnosis and prognosis. NeuroImage: Clinical, 16, 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2017.08.010
Hintz, S. R., Kendrick, D. E., Stoll, B. J., Vohr, B. R., Fanaroff, A. A., Donovan, E. F., Poole, W. K., Blakely, M. L., Wright, L. L., & Higgins, R. D. (2005). Neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants after necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics, 115(3), 696–703. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-0569
Hintz, S. R., Kendrick, D. E., Wilson-Costello, D. E., Das, A., Bell, E. F., Vohr, B. R., Higgins, R. D.; for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. (2011). Early-childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes are not improving for infants born at <25 weeks’ gestational age. Pediatrics, 127(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1150
Hofheimer, J. A., McGowan, E. C., Smith, L. M., Meltzer-Brody, S., Carter, B. S., Dansereau, L. M., Barrett, J., Seashore, C., McCullough, L., & Lester, B. M. (2023). Risk factors for postpartum depression and severe distress among mothers of very preterm infants at NICU discharge. American Journal of Perinatology. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2091-9563
Hoffmann, L., & Banse, R. (2021). Psychological aspects of childbirth: Evidence for a birth‐related mindset. European Journal of Social Psychology, 51(1), 124–151.https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2719
Hoffman, C., Dunn, D. M., & Njoroge, W. F. M. (2017). Impact of postpartum mental illness upon infant development. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(11), 100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0857-8
Hopkins, J., Marcus, M., & Campbell, S. B. (1984). Postpartum depression: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 498–515. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.498
Horowitz, J. A., Posmontier, B., Chiarello, L. A., & Geller, P. A. (2019). Introducing mother-baby interaction therapy for mothers with postpartum depression and their infants. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 33(3), 225–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2019.01.007
Hudson, J. L., Comer, J. S., & Kendall, P. C. (2008). Parental responses to positive and negative emotions in anxious and nonanxious children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37(2), 303–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410801955839
Humberg, A., Fortmann, I., Siller, B., Kopp, M. V., Herting, E., Göpel, W., Härtel, C., & the German Neonatal Network, German Center for Lung Research, and Priming Immunity at the Beginning of Life (PRIMAL) Consortium. (2020). Preterm birth and sustained inflammation: Consequences for the neonate. Seminars in Immunopathology, 42(4), 451–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-020-00802-9
Hutchinson, E. A., De Luca, C. R., Doyle, L. W., Roberts, G., & Anderson, P. J.; for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group. (2013). School-age outcomes of extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight children. Pediatrics, 131(4), e1053–e1061. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-2311
Inder, T. E., de Vries, L. S., Ferriero, D. M., Grant, P. E., Ment, L. R., Miller, S. P., & Volpe, J. J. (2021). Neuroimaging of the preterm brain: Review and recommendations. The Journal of Pediatrics, 237, 276–287.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.06.060
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Reauthorization. (2004). Public Law 108–446.
Ioannou, I., & Giotsa, A. (2023). Parental postnatal depressive symptoms in NICU are strongly related to demographic factors and maternal as well as neonatal perinatal clinical outcome. Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, 6(3), 213–227. https://doi.org/10.26502/ogr050
Jahan, I., Muhit, M., Hardianto, D., Laryea, F., Chhetri, A. B., Smithers‐Sheedy, H., McIntyre, S., Badawi, N., Basu, A. P., Kundu, M., Zaman, S., Kuper, H., Gladstone, M., & Khandaker, G. (2021). Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Preliminary findings from an international multi‐centre cerebral palsy register. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 63(11), 1327–1336. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14999
Jana, A. (2023). Correlates of low birth weight and preterm birth in India. PLoS ONE, 18(8), e0287919. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287919
Johnson, S., & Marlow, N. (2011). Preterm birth and childhood psychiatric disorders. Pediatric Research, 69(S5), 11R–18R. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e318212faa0
Johnson, S., O’Reilly, H., Ni, Y., Wolke, D., & Marlow, N. (2019). Psychiatric symptoms and disorders in extremely preterm young adults at 19 years of age and longitudinal findings from middle childhood. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(8), 820–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.11.018
Jones, D., Letourneau, N., & Leger, L. D. (2019). Predictors of infant care competence among mothers with postpartum depression. Clinical Medicine Insights: Reproductive Health, 13, 1179558119834910. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179558119834910
Kalland, M., Fagerlund, Å., von Koskull, M., & Pajulo, M. (2016). Families first: The development of a new mentalization-based group intervention for first-time parents to promote child development and family health. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 17(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423615000168
Karcı, C. K. (2021). Prenatal Enflamasyon ve Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu İlişkisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 13(3), 478–489. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.815942
Karnati, S., Kollikonda, S., & Abu-Shaweesh, J. (2020). Late preterm infants – Changing trends and continuing challenges. International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 7(1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpam.2020.01.005
Kobaly, K., Schluchter, M., Minich, N., Friedman, H., Taylor, H. G., Wilson-Costello, D., & Hack, M. (2008). Outcomes of extremely low birth weight (<1 kg) and extremely low gestational age (<28 weeks) infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Effects of practice changes in 2000 to 2003. Pediatrics, 121(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-0440
Koçak, D. Y., & Özcan, H. (2018). Postnatal maternal attachment: A retrospective study. Perinatal Journal, 26(2), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.2399/prn.18.0262008
Korja, R., Maunu, J., Kirjavainen, J., Savonlahti, E., Haataja, L., Lapinleimu, H., Rautava, P., & Lehtonen, L.; for the PIPARI Study Group. (2008). Mother–infant interaction is influenced by the amount of holding in preterm infants. Early Human Development, 84(4), 257–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.07.003
Kynø, N. M., Ravn, I. H., Lindemann, R., Smeby, N. A., Torgersen, A. M., & Gundersen, T. (2013). Parents of preterm-born children: Sources of stress and worry and experiences with an early intervention programme – a qualitative study. BMC Nursing, 12(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6955-12-28
Lagunju, I. A., Okereke, J., Adebayo, A., & Eni-Olorunda, T. (2010). Neurocognitive and sensory impairments in cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatric Neurology, 8(4), 385–390. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPN-2010-0420
Lammertink, F., Vinkers, C. H., Tataranno, M. L., & Benders, M. J. N. L. (2021). Premature birth and developmental programming: Mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 531571. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.531571
Lawn, J. E., Blencowe, H., Oza, S., You, D., Lee, A. C. C., Waiswa, P., Lalli, M., Bhutta, Z., Barros, A. J. D., Christian, P., Mathers, C., Cousens, S. N.; for the Lancet Every Newborn Study Group. (2014). Every Newborn: Progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival. The Lancet, 384(9938), 189–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60496-7
Leong, P. M., Gussy, M. G., Barrow, S. Y. L., de Silva-Sanigorski, A., & Waters, E. (2013). A systematic review of risk factors during first year of life for early childhood caries. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 23(4), 235–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263X.2012.01260.x
Lindberg, B., & Öhrling, K. (2008). Experiences of having a prematurely born infant from the perspective of mothers in northern Sweden. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 67(5), 461–471. https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v67i5.18352
Linderkamp, O., & Linderkamp-Skoruppa, D. B. (2021). Prenatal structural brain development: Genetic and environmental determinants. In Handbook of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology: Integrating Research and Practice (pp. 19–32). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62165-0_2
Litt, J. S., & Campbell, D. E. (2023). High-Risk Infant Follow-Up After NICU Discharge: Current Care Models and Future Considerations. Clinics in Perinatology, 50(1), 225–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2022.11.014
Lee, E. A. L., Black, M. H., Falkmer, M., Tan, T., Sheehy, L., Bölte, S., & Girdler, S. (2020). “We can see a bright future”: Parents’ perceptions of the outcomes of participating in a strengths-based program for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50, 3179–3194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04390-4
Lui, M., Lau, G. K., Tam, V. C., Chiu, H. M., Li, S. S., & Sin, K. F. (2020). Parents’ impact on children’s school performance: Marital satisfaction, parental involvement, and mental health. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 1548–1560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01662-y
Luu, T. M., Ment, L. R., Allan, W., Schneider, K. C., & Vohr, B. R. (2011). Executive and memory function in adolescents born very preterm. Pediatrics, 127(3), e639–e646. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1421
Malm, M. C., Hildingsson, I., Rubertsson, C., Rådestad, I., & Lindgren, H. (2016). Prenatal attachment and its association with foetal movement during pregnancy – A population-based survey. Women and Birth, 29(6), 482-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2016.04.007
Mangili, G., & Garzoli, E. (2017). Feeding of preterm infants and fortification of breast milk. La Pediatria Medica e Chirurgica, 39(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/pmc.2017.160
Maniago, J. D., Almazan, J. U., & Albougami, A. S. (2020). Nurses’ kangaroo mother care practice implementation and future challenges: An integrative review. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 34(2), 293-304. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12737
Marsh, R., Gerber, A. J., & Peterson, B. S. (2008). Neuroimaging studies of normal brain development and their relevance for understanding childhood neuropsychiatric disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(11), 1233-1251. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e318185e703
Matsuba, C. A., & Jan, J. E. (2006). Long-term outcome of children with cortical visual impairment. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 48(6), 508-512. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162206001086
McManus, B. M., Blanchard, Y., Murphy, N. J., & Nugent, J. K. (2020). The effects of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system in early intervention: A multisite randomized controlled trial. Infant Mental Health Journal, 41(6), 757-769. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21830
McManus, B. M., & Poehlmann, J. (2012). Parent–child interaction, maternal depressive symptoms and preterm infant cognitive function. Infant Behavior and Development, 35(3), 489–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2012.04.005
Medina, I. M. F., Granero-Molina, J., Fernández-Sola, C., Hernández-Padilla, J. M., Ávila, M. C., & Rodríguez, M. D. M. L. (2018). Bonding in neonatal intensive care units: Experiences of extremely preterm infants’ mothers. Women and Birth, 31(4), 325-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2017.12.001
Mensah, F. K., & Kiernan, K. E. (2011). Maternal general health and children's cognitive development and behaviour in the early years: findings from the Millennium Cohort Study. Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(1), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01150.x
Mercier, C. E., Dunn, M. S., Ferrelli, K. R., Howard, D. B., Soll, R. F., & Vermont Oxford Network ELBW Infant Follow-Up Study Group. (2010). Neurodevelopmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants from the Vermont Oxford network: 1998–2003. Neonatology, 97, 329–338. https://doi.org/10.1159/000260136
Metwally, A. M., Abdallah, A. M., El-Din, E. M. S., Zeid, D. A., Khadr, Z., Elshaarawy, G. A., Abdel-Latif, G. A., El Etreby, L. A., Hassan, M. H., & Sallam, S. F. (2023). Screening and determinant of suspected developmental delays among Egyptian preschool-aged children: a cross-sectional national community-based study. BMC Pediatrics, 23(1), 521. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04343-2
Miller, L., Imms, C., Cross, A., Pozniak, K., O’Connor, B., Martens, R., Gaebler-Spira, D., Buran, C. F., Bosi, A., Alsem, M. W., Ketelaar, M., & Rosenbaum, P. (2023). Impact of “early intervention” parent workshops on outcomes for caregivers of children with neurodisabilities: a mixed-methods study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 45(23), 3900-3911. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2022.2033954
Morris, C. (2007). Definition and classification of cerebral palsy: a historical perspective. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 49, 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.tb12609.x
Morris, A. S., Jespersen, J. E., Cosgrove, K. T., Ratliff, E. L., & Kerr, K. L. (2020). Parent education: What we know and moving forward for greatest impact. Family Relations, 69(3), 520–542. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12431
Morse, S. B., Zheng, H., Tang, Y., & Roth, J. (2009). Early school-age outcomes of late preterm infants. Pediatrics, 123(4), e622–e629. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-1405
Murray, H., Grey, N., Wild, J., Warnock-Parkes, E., Kerr, A., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2020). Cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder following critical illness and intensive care unit admission. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 13, e13. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X20000177
Nagy, A., Kalmár, M., Beke, A. M., Gráf, R., & Horváth, E. (2022). Intelligence and executive function of school-age preterm children in function of birth weight and perinatal complication. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 11(3), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2020.1781260
Nelson, K. B. (2003). Can we prevent cerebral palsy? New England Journal of Medicine, 349(18), 1765–1769. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp038147
Nelson, S. K., Kushlev, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014). The pains and pleasures of parenting: When, why, and how is parenthood associated with more or less well-being? Psychological Bulletin, 140(3), 846–895. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035444
Nelson-Coffey, S. K., & Coffey, J. K. (2023). Gratitude improves parents’ well-being and family functioning. Emotion. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001256
Nguyen, C. T. T., Sandhi, A., Lee, G. T., Nguyen, L. T. K., & Kuo, S. Y. (2023). Prevalence of and factors associated with postnatal depression and anxiety among parents of preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 322, 235–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.052
Nolvi, S., Merz, E. C., Kataja, E. L., & Parsons, C. E. (2023). Prenatal stress and the developing brain: Postnatal environments promoting resilience. Biological Psychiatry, 93(10), 942–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.09.023
Nomaguchi, K., & Milkie, M. A. (2020). Parenthood and well-being: A decade in review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(1), 198–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12646
Nosarti, C., Nam, K. W., Walshe, M., Murray, R. M., Cuddy, M., Rifkin, L., & Allin, M. P. G. (2014). Preterm birth and structural brain alterations in early adulthood. NeuroImage: Clinical, 6, 180–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2014.08.005
Novak, I., Morgan, C., Adde, L., Blackman, J., Boyd, R. N., Brunstrom-Hernandez, J., Cioni, G., Damiano, D., Darrah, J., Eliasson, A. C., de Vries, L. S., Einspieler, C., Fahey, M., Fehlings, D., Ferriero, D. M., Fetters, L., Fiori, S., Forssberg, H., Gordon, A. M., Greaves, S., Guzzetta, A., Hadders-Algra, M., Harbourne, R., Kakooza-Mwesige, A., Karlsson, P., Korzeniewski, S. J., Krageloh-Mann, I., Latal, B., Loughran-Fowlds, A., Maitre, N. L., McIntyre, S., Olsen, J. E., Poudel, P., Reddihough, D. S., Shepherd, R. B., Spittle, A. J., Thornton, M., Valentine, J., Westcott-McCoy, S., Whittingham, K., & Badawi, N. (2017). Early, accurate diagnosis and early intervention in cerebral palsy: Advances in diagnosis and treatment. JAMA Pediatrics, 171(9), 897–907. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1689
Nöcker-Ribaupierre, M. (2013). Premature infants. In Guidelines for Music Therapy Practice in Pediatric Care (pp. 66–116). Barcelona Publishers.
Nugent, J. K., Keefer, C. H., Minear, S., Johnson, L. C., & Blanchard, Y. (2007). Understanding newborn behavior and early relationships: The Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system handbook. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing.
Nyqvist, K. H., Anderson, G. C., Bergman, N., Cattaneo, A., Charpak, N., Davanzo, R., Ewald, U., Ludington-Hoe, S., Mendoza, S., Pallás-Allonso, C., Ruiz-Peláez, J. G., Sizun, J., & Widström, A. M. (2010). Towards universal Kangaroo Mother Care: recommendations and report from the First European Conference and Seventh International Workshop on Kangaroo Mother Care. Acta Paediatrica, 99(6), 820–826. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01792.x
Offenbacher, S., Katz, V., Fertik, G., Collins, J., Boyd, D., Maynor, G., McKaig, R., & Beck, J. (1996). Periodontal infection as a possible risk factor for preterm low birth weight. Journal of Periodontology, 67(10 Suppl), 1103–1113. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1996.67.10s.1103
Ohuma, E., Moller, A.-B., Bradley, E., Alkema, L., Fadel, S. A., Gerland, P., Glazer, D., Hirst, J., Hug, L., Hug, S., Jani, J. C., Khan, J., Marchant, T., Moxon, S. G., Msemo, G., Neilson, J. P., Oestergaard, M. Z., Ponce Hardy, V., Quinn, J. A., Requejo, J., Saigal, S., Santhakumaran, S., Seale, A. C., Shiekh, S., Shibuya, K., Silwedel, C., Sutan, R., Swanson, D., Tann, C. J., Villar, J., Vogel, J. P., Walani, S. R., Watkins, W. J., White, L. J., Yakoob, M. Y., & Lawn, J. E. (2023). National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: a systematic analysis. The Lancet, 402(10409), 1261–1271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01112-6
Oliveira, F., Dutra Oliveira, A. M. S., & Cota, L. O. M. (2013). Interrelation between periodontal disease and preterm birth: Preterm birth. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 17(4), 446–450. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.118324
Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Widaman, K. F. (2012). Life-span development of self-esteem and its effects on important life outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(6), 1271–1288. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025558
O'Donovan, A., & Nixon, E. (2019). “Weathering the storm:” Mothers’ and fathers’ experiences of parenting a preterm infant. Infant Mental Health Journal, 40(4), 573–587. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21800
Önal, E. E. (2017). Prematüre bebeklerde nörolojik sorunlar ve izlemi. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi, 9(4), 45–49. Paykel, E. S., Emms, E. M., Fletcher, J., & Rassaby, E. (1980). Life events and social support in puerperal depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 136(4), 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.136.4.339
Perin, J., Mulick, A., Yeung, D., Villavicencio, F., Lopez, G., Strong, K. L., Prieto-Merino, D., Cousens, S., Black, R. E., & Liu, L. (2022). Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000–19: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 6(2), 106–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00311-4
Petersen, I. B., & Quinlivan, J. A. (2021). Fatherhood too soon: Anxiety, depression and quality of life in fathers of preterm and term babies—A longitudinal study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 42(2), 162–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2020.1756590
Petterson, D., Gravesteijn, C., & Roest, J. (2016). Strengthening of parenthood; developing a Life Skills Questionnaire for Dutch parents (LSQ-P). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 217, 748–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.02.131
Pettinger, K. J., Copper, C., Boyle, E., Blower, S., Hewitt, C., & Fraser, L. (2023). Risk of developmental disorders in children born at 32 to 38 weeks’ gestation: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 152(6), e2023061878. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2023-061878
Petty, J., Whiting, L., Green, J., & Fowler, C. (2023). Parents’ views on preparation to care for extremely premature infants at home. Nursing Children and Young People, 35(6). https://doi.org/10.7748/ncyp.2023.e1512
Peyton, C., & Einspieler, C. (2018). General movements: A behavioral biomarker of later motor and cognitive dysfunction in NICU graduates. Pediatric Annals, 47(4), e159–e164. https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20180326-01
Philippi, H., Karch, D., Kang, K. S., Wochner, K., Pietz, J., Dickhaus, H., & Hadders-Algra, M. (2014). Computer-based analysis of general movements reveals stereotypies predicting cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 56(10), 960–967. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12479
Pinar, G., & Erbaba, H. (2020). Experiences of new mothers with premature babies in neonatal care units: A qualitative study. Journal of Nursing and Practice, 3(1), 179–185. https://doi.org/10.36959/545/364
Pitcher, C. A., Elliott, C. M., Valentine, J. P., Stannage, K., Williams, S. A., Shipman, P. J., & Reid, S. L. (2018). Muscle morphology of the lower leg in ambulant children with spastic cerebral palsy. Muscle & Nerve, 58(6), 818–823. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.26216
Plaisier, A., Govaert, P., Lequin, M. H., & Dudink, J. (2014). Optimal timing of cerebral MRI in preterm infants to predict long-term neurodevelopmental outcome: A systematic review. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 35(5), 841–847. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3719
Porter, L., van Heugten, K., & Champion, P. (2020). The risk of low risk: First time motherhood, prematurity and dyadic well-being. Infant Mental Health Journal, 41(6), 836–849. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21885
Potharst, E. S., Aktar, E., Rexwinkel, M., Rigterink, M., & Bögels, S. M. (2017). Mindful with your baby: Feasibility, acceptability, and effects of a mindful parenting group training for mothers and their babies in a mental health context. Mindfulness, 8, 1236–1250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0699-9
Prechtl, H. F. R. (2001). General movement assessment as a method of developmental neurology: New paradigms and their consequences—The 1999 Ronnie MacKeith Lecture. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 43(12), 836–842. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162201001525
Priyambodo, P., Joewono, H. T., & Etika, R. (2021). The relationship between low birth weight and survival rate in premature babies. Health Notions, 5(2), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.33846/hn50202
Purdy, I. B., Craig, J. W., & Zeanah, P. (2015). NICU discharge planning and beyond: Recommendations for parent psychosocial support. Journal of Perinatology, 35(S1), S24–S28. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2015.146
Pusdekar, Y. V., Patel, A. B., Kurhe, K. G., Bhargav, S. R., Thorsten, V., Garces, A., Saleem, S., Esamai, F., Liechty, E. A., Krebs, N. F., Goudar, S. S., Dhaded, S. M., Pasha, O., Chomba, E., Carlo, W. A., Hambidge, K. M., Koso-Thomas, M., McClure, E. M., & Hibberd, P. L. (2020). Rates and risk factors for preterm birth and low birthweight in the Global Network sites in six low- and low middle-income countries. Reproductive Health, 17(3), 187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-020-01023-3.
Raghu, V. A., & Vatsa, M. (2021). Early neurodevelopmental supportive care: Approach to enhance the neurodevelopmental outcome in premature and low birth weight infant. Journal of Integrated Health Sciences, 9(2), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.4103/2347-6486.335759.
Rais-Bahrami, K., & Short, B. L. (2013). Premature and small-for-dates infants. In M. L. Batshaw, N. J. Roizen, & G. R. Lotrecchiano (Eds.), Children with Disabilities (7th ed., pp. 87–104). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
Raith, W., Marschik, P. B., Sommer, C., Maurer-Fellbaum, U., Amhofer, C., Avian, A., Neubauer, V., Müller, W., & Urlesberger, B. (2015). General movements in preterm infants undergoing craniosacral therapy: A randomised controlled pilot trial. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-0995-7.
Rauh, V. A., Achenbach, T. M., Nurcombe, B., Howell, C. T., & Teti, D. M. (1988). Minimizing adverse effects of low birthweight: Four-year results of an early intervention program. Child Development, 59(3), 544–553. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130556.
Rauh, V. A., Nurcombe, B., Achenbach, T. M., & Howell, C. T. (1990). The mother-infant transaction program: The content and implications of an intervention for the mothers of low-birthweight infants. Clinics in Perinatology, 17(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0095-5108(18)30427-3.
Ravn, I. H., Smith, L., Lindemann, R., Smeby, N. A., Kynø, N. M., Bunch, E. H., & Sandvik, L. (2011). Effect of early intervention on social interaction between mothers and preterm infants at 12 months of age: A randomized controlled trial. Infant Behavior and Development, 34(2), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.11.004.
Riley, J. D., Moore, S., Cramer, S. C., & Lin, J. J. (2011). Caudate atrophy and impaired frontostriatal connections are linked to executive dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 21(1), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.03.011.
Romeo, D. M., Ricci, D., Brogna, C., & Mercuri, E. (2016). Use of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination in infants with cerebral palsy: A critical review of the literature. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 58(3), 240–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12999.
Sadowska, M., Sarecka-Hujar, B., & Kopyta, I. (2020). Cerebral palsy: Current opinions on definition, epidemiology, risk factors, classification and treatment options. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 16, 1505–1518. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S235165.
Sankar, C., & Mundkur, N. (2005). Cerebral palsy—Definition, classification, etiology and early diagnosis. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 72(10), 865–868. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02731117.
Sansavini, A., Guarini, A., & Caselli, M. C. (2011). Preterm birth: Neuropsychological profiles and atypical developmental pathways. Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 17(2), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/ddrr.1105.
Savanh, P., Aita, M., & Héon, M. (2020). A review of siblings' needs and interventions supporting their adaptation in the neonatal intensive care unit. Infants & Young Children, 33(4), 332–351. https://doi.org/10.1097/IYC.0000000000000172.
Scattolin, M. A. D. A., Resegue, R. M., & Rosário, M. C. D. (2022). The impact of the environment on neurodevelopmental disorders in early childhood. Jornal de Pediatria, 98(Suppl 1), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2021.10.012.
Schittny, J. C. (2017). Development of the lung. Cell and Tissue Research, 367(3), 427–444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-016-2545-0.
Schore, A. N. (2001). Effects of a secure attachment relationship on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22(1–2), 7–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0355(200101/04)22:1.
Schmidt, B., Whyte, R. K., Asztalos, E. V., Moddemann, D., Poets, C. F., Rabi, Y., Solimano, A., Roberts, R. S., & Canadian Oxygen Trial (COT) Group. (2013). Effects of targeting higher vs lower arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in extremely preterm infants: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 309(20), 2111–2120. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.4208.
Schultheis, A. M., Mayes, L. C., & Rutherford, H. J. V. (2019). Associations between emotion regulation and parental reflective functioning. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(4), 1094–1104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-01329-2.
Schwartz, F. J., Ritchie, R., Sacks, L., & Phillips, C. (1999). Music, stress reduction, and medical cost savings in the neonatal intensive care unit. In MusicMedicine 3: Expanding Horizons (pp. 120–130). Barcelona Publishers.
Sellier, E., Platt, M. J., Andersen, G. L., Krägeloh-Mann, I., De La Cruz, J., Cans, C., & Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) Collaborative Group. (2016). Decreasing prevalence in cerebral palsy: A multi-site European population-based study, 1980 to 2003. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 58(1), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12865.
Sengupta, S., Carrion, V., Shelton, J., Wynn, R. J., Ryan, R. M., Singhal, K., & Lakshminrusimha, S. (2013). Adverse neonatal outcomes associated with early-term birth. JAMA Pediatrics, 167(11), 1053–1059. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2581.
Sharma, D., Padmavathi, I. V., Tabatabaii, S. A., & Farahbakhsh, N. (2021). Late preterm: A new high risk group in neonatology. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 34(16), 2717–2730. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1670807.
Sheldon, R. E. (2017). Developmental care for preemies and their families: One neonatologist’s journey toward NIDCAP practice. NeoReviews, 18(10), e568–e575. https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.18-10-e568.
Sindelar, R., Nakanishi, H., Stanford, A. H., Colaizy, T. T., & Klein, J. M. (2022). Respiratory management for extremely premature infants born at 22 to 23 weeks of gestation in proactive centers in Sweden, Japan, and USA. Seminars in Perinatology, 46(1), 151540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semperi.2021.151540.
Singer, D., Thiede, L. P., & Perez, A. (2021). Adults born preterm: Long-term health risks of former very low birth weight infants. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 118(31–32), 519–526. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0244.
Siva, N., Phagdol, T., Nayak, B. S., Mathias, E. G., Lewis, L. E. S., Velayudhan, B., Kamath, A., Noronha, J. A., George, A., & D’Souza, P. (2023). Stress and stressors experienced by the parents of high‐risk neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit: Systematic review and meta‐analysis evidence available from India. Stress and Health, 39(6), 1531–1548. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3271.
Smith‐Nielsen, J., Tharner, A., Krogh, M. T., & Vaever, M. S. (2016). Effects of maternal postpartum depression in a well‐resourced sample: Early concurrent and long‐term effects on infant cognitive, language, and motor development. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 57(6), 571–583. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12326.
Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Charman, T., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., & Baird, G. (2008). Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: Prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(8), 921–929. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e318179964f
Smorti, M., Ponti, L., Ghinassi, S., & Rapisardi, G. (2020). The mother-child attachment bond before and after birth: The role of maternal perception of traumatic childbirth. Early Human Development, 142, 104956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.104956
Sowell, E. R., Peterson, B. S., Thompson, P. M., Welcome, S. E., Henkenius, A. L., & Toga, A. W. (2003). Mapping cortical change across the human life span. Nature Neuroscience, 6(3), 309–315. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1008
Spinelli, M., Frigerio, A., Montali, L., Fasolo, M., Spada, M. S., & Mangili, G. (2016). ‘I still have difficulties feeling like a mother’: The transition to motherhood of preterm infants’ mothers. Psychology & Health, 31(2), 184–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2015.1088015
Spittle, A., Orton, J., Anderson, P. J., Boyd, R., & Doyle, L. W. (2015). Early developmental intervention programmes provided post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairment in preterm infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(11), CD005495. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005495.pub4
Stahlmann, N., Rapp, M., Herting, E., & Thyen, U. (2009). Outcome of extremely premature infants at early school age: Health-related quality of life and neurosensory, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes in a population-based sample in northern Germany. Neuropediatrics, 40(3), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1220682
Starke, V., Diderholm, B., Heyman, M., & Blomqvist, Y. T. (2023). Being parents of extremely preterm children, from a long-term perspective: A qualitative study of parents' experiences. Early Human Development, 183, 105819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105819
Stefana, A., Padovani, E. M., Biban, P., & Lavelli, M. (2018). Fathers’ experiences with their preterm babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: A multi-method study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74(5), 1090–1098. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13515
Stein, A., Malmberg, L. E., Sylva, K., Barnes, J., Leach, P., & FCCC Team. (2008). The influence of maternal depression, caregiving, and socioeconomic status in the post-natal year on children's language development. Child: Care, Health and Development, 34(5), 603–612. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00837.x
Stenson, B. J., Tarnow-Mordi, W. O., Darlow, B. A., Simes, J., Juszczak, E., Askie, L., Battin, M., Bowler, U., Broadbent, R., Cairns, P., Davis, P. G., Deshpande, S., Donoghoe, M., Doyle, L., Fleck, B. W., Ghadge, A., Hague, W., Halliday, H. L., Hewson, M., ... Brocklehurst, P. (2013). Oxygen saturation and outcomes in preterm infants. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(22), 2094–2104. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1302298
Squarza, C., Picciolini, O., Gardon, L., Ravasi, M., Giannì, M. L., Porro, M., Cortinovis, I., & Mosca, F. (2017). Seven years cognitive functioning and early assessment in extremely low birth weight children. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1257. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01257
Svetanoff, W. J., Kapalu, C. L., Lopez, J. J., Fraser, J. A., Briggs, K. B., & Rentea, R. M. (2022). Psychosocial factors affecting quality of life in patients with anorectal malformation and Hirschsprung disease—a qualitative systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 57(3), 387–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.08.006
Tajik, M., Emamhadi, M., Amir Ali Akbari, S., Ahmadi Doulabi, M., & Reza NejadAsl, P. (2022). The relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder after childbirth and social support and marital satisfaction. International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, 12(1), 35741. https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i.35741
Tataranno, M. L., Vijlbrief, D. C., Dudink, J., & Benders, M. J. (2021). Precision medicine in neonates: A tailored approach to neonatal brain injury. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9, 634092. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.634092
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, (2023). Erişim tarihi: 25.05.2025, https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/haberler-cocukergen/dunya-premature-gunu.html#:~:text=D%C3%BCnya%20Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k%20%C3%96rg%C3%BCt%C3%BC%20verilerine%20g%C3%B6re,%25%2012%2C9'dur
Thapar, A., Cooper, M., & Rutter, M. (2017). Neurodevelopmental disorders. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(4), 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30376-5
Thomson, G., Flacking, R., George, K., Feeley, N., Haslund-Thomsen, H., De Coen, K., Dykes, F., Ewald, U., Maastrup, R., Puigvert, N., Ravn, I. H., & Rowe, J. (2020). Parents’ experiences of emotional closeness to their infants in the neonatal unit: A meta-ethnography. Early Human Development, 149, 105155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105155
Torvik, F. A., Eilertsen, E. M., McAdams, T. A., Gustavson, K., Zachrisson, H. D., Brandlistuen, R., Gjerde, L. C., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Kendler, K. S., & Ystrom, E. (2020). Mechanisms linking parental educational attainment with child ADHD, depression, and academic problems: A study of extended families in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(9), 1009–1018. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13216
Trombetta, T., Giordano, M., Santoniccolo, F., Vismara, L., Della Vedova, A. M., & Rollè, L. (2021). Pre-natal attachment and parent-to-infant attachment: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 620942. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.620942
Tronick, E., & Reck, C. (2009). Infants of depressed mothers. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 17(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/10673220902899714
Treyvaud, K., Ure, A., Doyle, L. W., Lee, K. J., Rogers, C. E., Kidokoro, H., Inder, T. E., & Anderson, P. J. (2013). Psychiatric outcomes at age seven for very preterm children: rates and predictors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(7), 772–779. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12040
Van Assche, I. A., Lemiere, J., Amant, F., & Van Calsteren, K. (2022). Direct and indirect effects on child neurocognitive development when maternal cancer is diagnosed during pregnancy: What do we know so far? Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 178, 103824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103824
Van den Bergh, B. R., Dahnke, R., & Mennes, M. (2018). Prenatal stress and the developing brain: Risks for neurodevelopmental disorders. Development and Psychopathology, 30(3), 743–762. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418000342
Vanderwert, R. E., Zeanah, C. H., Fox, N. A., & Nelson, C. A. III. (2016). Normalization of EEG activity among previously institutionalized children placed into foster care: A 12-year follow-up of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 17, 68–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.12.004
Vanes, L. D., Murray, R. M., & Nosarti, C. (2022). Adult outcome of preterm birth: Implications for neurodevelopmental theories of psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 247, 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2022.06.010
Vaucher, Y. E., Peralta-Carcelen, M., Finer, N. N., Carlo, W. A., Gantz, M. G., Walsh, M. C., Laptook, A. R., Yoder, B. A., Faix, R. G., Das, A., Schibler, K., Rich, W., Newman, N. S., Vohr, B. R., Yolton, K., Heyne, R. J., Wilson-Costello, D. E., Evans, P. W., Goldstein, R. F., ... Higgins, R. D. (2012). SUPPORT Study Group of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Neurodevelopmental outcomes in the early CPAP and pulse oximetry trial. New England Journal of Medicine, 367(26), 2495–2504. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1208506
Verdult, R. (2021). Prenatal Roots of Attachment. In Handbook of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology: Integrating Research and Practice (pp. 227–246). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429022771-17
Volpe, J. J. (2009). Cerebellum of the premature infant: Rapidly developing, vulnerable, clinically important. Journal of Child Neurology, 24(9), 1085–1104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073809338067
Wang, L. L., Ma, J. J., Meng, H. H., & Zhou, J. (2021). Mothers’ experiences of neonatal intensive care: A systematic review and implications for clinical practice. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 9(24), 7062–7074. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i24.7062
Ward, F. R. (2009). Chaos, vulnerability and control: Parental beliefs about neonatal clinical trials. Journal of Perinatology, 29(2), 156–162. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2008.203
Waters, N. E., Ahmed, S. F., Tang, S., Morrison, F. J., & Davis-Kean, P. E. (2021). Pathways from socioeconomic status to early academic achievement: The role of specific executive functions. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 54, 321–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.09.008
Watson, K., White, C., Hall, H., & Hewitt, A. (2021). Women’s experiences of birth trauma: A scoping review. Women and Birth, 34(5), 417–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2020.09.006
Wehrle, F. M., Kaufmann, L., Benz, L. D., Huber, R., O'Gorman, R. L., Latal, B., & Hagmann, C. F. (2016). Very preterm adolescents show impaired performance with increasing demands in executive function tasks. Early Human Development, 92, 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.10.015
Wigert, H., Johansson, R., Berg, M., & Hellström, A. L. (2006). Mothers’ experiences of having their newborn child in a neonatal intensive care unit. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 20(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2006.00377.x
Wigert, H., Nilsson, C., Dencker, A., Begley, C., Jangsten, E., Sparud-Lundin, C., Mollberg, M., Patel, H., & the Fear of Birth Research Group. (2020). Women’s experiences of fear of childbirth: A metasynthesis of qualitative studies. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 15(1), 1704484. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2019.1704484
Whittingham, K., Boyd, R. N., Sanders, M. R., & Colditz, P. (2014). Parenting and prematurity: Understanding parent experience and preferences for support. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 1050–1061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9762-x
Willis, D. W., & Eddy, J. M. (2022). Early relational health: Innovations in child health for promotion, screening, and research. Infant Mental Health Journal, 43(3), 361–372. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21986 World Heatlh Organization, (1999). Partners in life skills education: conclusions from a United Nations inter-agency meeting. Erişim tarihi: 25.05.2025, https://www.orientamentoirreer.it/sites/default/files/materiali/1999%20OMS%20lifeskills%20edizione%201999.pdf
World Heatlh Organization, Preterm birth, Erişim tarihi: 25.05.2025, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/preterm-birth.
Woodward, L. J., & Hüppi, P. S. (2018). Neurodevelopmental follow-up. In J. J. Volpe (Ed.), Neurology of the Newborn (6th ed., pp. 255–272). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-42876-7.00010-4
Woythaler, M. (2019). Neurodevelopmental outcomes of the late preterm infant. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 24(1), 54–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2018.11.004
Zauche, L. H., Zauche, M. S., Dunlop, A. L., & Williams, B. L. (2020). Predictors of parental presence in the neonatal intensive care unit. Advances in Neonatal Care, 20(3), 251–259. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANC.0000000000000721
Žilinskienė, J. (2022). Interactions among parental psychological well-being, parental skills, emotional intelligence and disease control in children with type 1 diabetes (Doctoral dissertation, Medical and Health Sciences, Medicine [M 004]). Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. https://doi.org/10.33607/ds.med.2022.004

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Multi Disabled Education, Sight Disabled Education, Impaired Hearing Education, Speech Handicapped Education, Mental Disability Education, Autism and Spectrum Disorder Education, Special Education and Disability (Other)

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Rahime Gökboğa ^*
0000-0002-1041-5889
Türkiye

Sultan Tarlacı
0000-0001-7634-1467
Türkiye

Publication Date

April 30, 2026

Submission Date

May 26, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 12, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Özel Sayı

DOI

https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.1706555

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA97LH82MR

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Gökboğa, R., & Tarlacı, S. (2026). PRETERM BEBEKLERİN UZUN DÖNEMLİ NÖROGELİŞİMSEL SORUNLARI VE AİLELERİNİN BU SÜREÇTEN ETKİLENİMLERİ. Journal of Child and Development, Özel Sayı, 16-32. https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.1706555

AMA

1.Gökboğa R, Tarlacı S. PRETERM BEBEKLERİN UZUN DÖNEMLİ NÖROGELİŞİMSEL SORUNLARI VE AİLELERİNİN BU SÜREÇTEN ETKİLENİMLERİ. Journal of Child and Development. 2026;(Özel Sayı):16-32. doi:10.36731/cg.1706555

Chicago

Gökboğa, Rahime, and Sultan Tarlacı. 2026. “PRETERM BEBEKLERİN UZUN DÖNEMLİ NÖROGELİŞİMSEL SORUNLARI VE AİLELERİNİN BU SÜREÇTEN ETKİLENİMLERİ”. Journal of Child and Development, no. Özel Sayı: 16-32. https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.1706555.

EndNote

Gökboğa R, Tarlacı S (April 1, 2026) PRETERM BEBEKLERİN UZUN DÖNEMLİ NÖROGELİŞİMSEL SORUNLARI VE AİLELERİNİN BU SÜREÇTEN ETKİLENİMLERİ. Journal of Child and Development Özel Sayı 16–32.

IEEE

[1]R. Gökboğa and S. Tarlacı, “PRETERM BEBEKLERİN UZUN DÖNEMLİ NÖROGELİŞİMSEL SORUNLARI VE AİLELERİNİN BU SÜREÇTEN ETKİLENİMLERİ”, Journal of Child and Development, no. Özel Sayı, pp. 16–32, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.36731/cg.1706555.

ISNAD

Gökboğa, Rahime - Tarlacı, Sultan. “PRETERM BEBEKLERİN UZUN DÖNEMLİ NÖROGELİŞİMSEL SORUNLARI VE AİLELERİNİN BU SÜREÇTEN ETKİLENİMLERİ”. Journal of Child and Development. Özel Sayı (April 1, 2026): 16-32. https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.1706555.

JAMA

1.Gökboğa R, Tarlacı S. PRETERM BEBEKLERİN UZUN DÖNEMLİ NÖROGELİŞİMSEL SORUNLARI VE AİLELERİNİN BU SÜREÇTEN ETKİLENİMLERİ. Journal of Child and Development. 2026;:16–32.

MLA

Gökboğa, Rahime, and Sultan Tarlacı. “PRETERM BEBEKLERİN UZUN DÖNEMLİ NÖROGELİŞİMSEL SORUNLARI VE AİLELERİNİN BU SÜREÇTEN ETKİLENİMLERİ”. Journal of Child and Development, no. Özel Sayı, Apr. 2026, pp. 16-32, doi:10.36731/cg.1706555.

Vancouver

1.Rahime Gökboğa, Sultan Tarlacı. PRETERM BEBEKLERİN UZUN DÖNEMLİ NÖROGELİŞİMSEL SORUNLARI VE AİLELERİNİN BU SÜREÇTEN ETKİLENİMLERİ. Journal of Child and Development. 2026 Apr. 1;(Özel Sayı):16-32. doi:10.36731/cg.1706555

Journal of Child and Development (J-CAD) is a peer-reviewed, academic, and open-access journal dedicated to the dissemination of scientific knowledge within the fields of child development, child health, education, psychology, social work, family studies, and related disciplines. The journal aims to enhance the visibility of theoretical and applied research while fostering scientific interaction within the global academic community.
The journal publishes scholarly works regarding developmental processes from early childhood to adolescence, focusing on cognitive, socio-emotional, linguistic, motor, and self-care development. Furthermore, JCD features interdisciplinary studies examining the familial, educational, environmental, and societal structures that influence the child.
J-CAD encompasses a broad disciplinary scope focusing on the individual, familial, educational, and social processes that shape child and adolescent development. Within this framework, the journal welcomes the following types of studies:

Child development theories, developmental processes, and contemporary scientific approaches.

Parenting, family-child dynamics, and early childhood interventions.

Preschool education curricula, teacher training, and pedagogical practices.

Physical health, nutritional status, risk factors, and developmental support applications.

Child psychology, behavioral issues, learning processes, and emotional development.

Social and cultural environments and development within a societal context.

Child rights, child protection systems, and social work practices.

Child-technology interaction and the impact of digitalization on development.

Scale development, psychometrics, program evaluation, and the development of scientific assessment tools.

The journal publishes Original Research Articles, Reviews, Short Communications, and Application/Research Notes.

Publication Language Policy
To enhance international visibility and strengthen publishing standards, the journal will exclusively consider manuscripts written in English for evaluation as of January 2026. This policy has been implemented to facilitate the journal’s inclusion in international indexes, reach a global readership, and ensure the high-quality circulation of scholarly knowledge produced in the field.

Journal of Child and Development is committed to providing a continuous contribution to the field of child development by supporting the publication of high-caliber academic research.

Prof. Dr. Neriman ARAL

Journal of Child and Development (J-CAD)

Editor-in-Chief

https://dergipark.org.tr/cg

The journal publishes scholarly works regarding developmental processes from early childhood to adolescence, focusing on cognitive, socio-emotional, linguistic, motor, and self-care development. Furthermore, J-CAD features interdisciplinary studies examining the familial, educational, environmental, and societal structures that influence the child.
J-CAD encompasses a broad disciplinary scope focusing on the individual, familial, educational, and social processes that shape child and adolescent development. Within this framework, the journal welcomes the following types of studies:
• Child development theories, developmental processes, and contemporary scientific approaches.
• Parenting, family-child dynamics, and early childhood interventions.
• Preschool education curricula, teacher training, and pedagogical practices.
• Physical health, nutritional status, risk factors, and developmental support applications.
• Child psychology, behavioral issues, learning processes, and emotional development.
• Social and cultural environments and development within a societal context.
• Child rights, child protection systems, and social work practices.
• Child-technology interaction and the impact of digitalization on development.
• Scale development, psychometrics, program evaluation, and the development of scientific assessment tools.
The journal publishes Original Research Articles, Reviews, Short Communications, and Application/Research Notes.
Publication Language Policy
To enhance international visibility and strengthen publishing standards, the journal will exclusively consider manuscripts written in English for evaluation as of January 2026. This policy has been implemented to facilitate the journal’s inclusion in international indexes, reach a global readership, and ensure the high-quality circulation of scholarly knowledge produced in the field.
Journal of Child and Development is committed to providing a continuous contribution to the field of child development by supporting the publication of high-caliber academic research.

Prof. Dr. Neriman ARAL
Journal of Child and Development (J-CAD)
Editor-in-Chief
https://dergipark.org.tr/cg

1. GENERAL WRITING AND FORMATTING
• Manuscripts must be prepared in accordance with the journal’s current author guidelines and article template.
• The title page, main manuscript, and supplementary files must be uploaded separately.
• The article type (original research, review, short communication, etc.) must be clearly stated on the title page.
• References and citations must strictly follow the APA 7th Edition format.
2. ETHICS COMMITTEE AND APPROVAL
• The Ethics Committee Approval Certificate must be uploaded to the system.
• Ethical approval is mandatory for all research involving human participants.
• For participants under the age of 18, informed consent from parents or legal guardians must be obtained.
• Consent forms must be archived by the researcher and presented upon request.
• If the study is exempt from ethical review, the justification for exemption must be explicitly stated.
3. INFORMED CONSENT AND PRIVACY
• Explicit informed consent must be obtained for methods such as surveys, interviews, and observations.
• All personal identifiable information must be anonymized.
• Written permission is mandatory for the use of any visual materials (photographs, videos).
4. SIMILARITY REPORT
• The manuscript must be screened using iThenticate or Turnitin, and the full report must be submitted.
• The maximum acceptable similarity index is 20%.
5. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS AND DECLARATIONS
• The CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) author contribution statement must be completed.
• A Conflict of Interest Statement is mandatory.
• Information regarding financial support and funding must be clearly disclosed.
• A Data Availability Statement must be included.
6. REVIEWER SUGGESTIONS
• Authors may suggest two potential reviewers; however, the Editorial Office reserves the right to select reviewers independently.
• Suggested reviewers must be experts in the field and affiliated with an institution other than the authors'.
7. SUBMISSION AND SYSTEM PROCEDURES
• Manuscripts must be submitted exclusively through the DergiPark online system.
• The Copyright Transfer Form must be signed by all authors and uploaded during submission.
• The Title Page must contain full author details, whereas the Main Manuscript must be uploaded without any identifying information to ensure a blind review.
8. STATISTICS AND DATA REPORTING
• Quantitative research must utilize and report appropriate statistical methodologies.
• If professional statistical consulting was received, it should be acknowledged in the Acknowledgements section.
9. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) USAGE
• If AI tools were utilized during the research or writing process, the scope and purpose of their use must be clearly disclosed.
• The Results and Discussion sections cannot be generated by AI.
• An AI Usage Declaration Form must be completed and uploaded to the system.

Prof. Dr. Neriman ARAL
Journal of Child and Development (J-CAD)
Editor-in-Chief
https://dergipark.org.tr/cg

Journal of Child and Development (J-CAD) is based on the principles of integrity, transparency, impartiality, and academic ethics in all scholarly publishing processes. All submissions are evaluated through a double-blind peer-review process founded on scientific research methodologies and adherence to ethical standards.
The journal’s ethical guidelines and publication policies are aligned with the Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and the “Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing” jointly published by COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, and WAME. Following these internationally recognized standards ensures honesty, transparency, and academic rigor throughout the editorial process.
Open Access and Ethical Approval
For research involving human participants (surveys, observations, interviews, experiments, etc.), obtaining "Ethics Committee Approval" and stating this information within the manuscript is mandatory. For animal experiments, clinical trials, and research requiring special permits, approval from the relevant institutional bodies must be submitted. Manuscripts found to be in violation of ethical principles may be withdrawn at any stage, and relevant institutions will be notified if necessary.

ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PUBLISHER
J-CAD is published with a non-profit scholarly publishing approach. The publisher ensures academic independence and adheres to ethical principles in all activities.
The publisher acknowledges that the final decision-making authority in the evaluation and publication process rests with the Editor and the Editorial Board.
The publisher supports the free circulation of scientific knowledge by providing immediate, electronic, and free open access to the journal’s content.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EDITORS AND SECTION EDITORS
The Editor and Editorial Board are responsible for the evaluation, publication, and post-publication processes of submitted works, prioritizing impartiality, scientific merit, and public interest.
The Board continuously works to improve the journal's scientific quality and academic standing by updating publication policies.
Editors ensure that manuscripts are reviewed by experts in the field; the reviewer pool is regularly updated and diversified based on areas of expertise.
Conflict of interest is strictly monitored during reviewer assignments. If a conflict between authors and reviewers is identified, the process is restructured.
Confidentiality of the double-blind review process is maintained; author and reviewer identities are strictly protected.
Editors ensure compliance with ethical guidelines regarding human and animal subjects. Studies lacking the necessary ethics committee approval will not be considered for evaluation.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF REVIEWERS
J-CAD employs a double-blind peer-review system. Reviewers cannot communicate directly with authors; all feedback is transmitted through the editorial system.
Reviewers must only accept manuscripts within their specific area of expertise.
Evaluations must be objective and based solely on scientific quality, regardless of race, gender, ethnicity, language, belief, or socio-cultural characteristics of the authors.
Reviewers must decline the invitation and notify the editor if a conflict of interest exists.
Reviews must be conducted using constructive, professional, and academic language; personal or derogatory comments are strictly prohibited.
Reviewers are expected to submit their reports within the designated timeframe.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF AUTHORS
Originality: Submitted works must not have been previously published or be under simultaneous consideration by another journal.

Authorship: Only individuals who have made a significant scientific contribution to the study (design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or intellectual content) should be listed as authors. Requests to add, remove, or reorder authors after submission will not be accepted.
Citations: All sources used must be accurately and ethically cited.
Ethical Documentation: For research articles, ethics committee approval (name of the committee, date, and decision number) must be explicitly stated in the Methods section.
Similarity Report: Authors must document their similarity reports using iThenticate. The acceptable similarity threshold is below 20%.
Data Access: Authors must provide raw data or relevant documentation if requested by the Editorial Board during the evaluation process.
Error Reporting: If an author identifies a significant error in their work at any stage, they must immediately notify the editor to correct or withdraw the manuscript.
COPYRIGHT AND PLAGIARISM
Studies published in JCD are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) International License. This allows others to share and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided appropriate credit is given.
Copyright Transfer: Authors must upload the signed “Copyright Transfer Form” during submission. Submissions without this form will not be processed.
Unethical Behavior: Examples of unacceptable practices include "salami-slicing" (inappropriately dividing a single study into multiple publications), failure to disclose conflicts of interest, and breach of double-blind review confidentiality.
DATA PRIVACY AND CHILD RIGHTS POLICY
J-CAD adheres to human rights, child rights, data privacy, and ethical principles in pediatric research.
Consent: Informed consent from parents or legal guardians is mandatory. Participant safety, voluntariness, and privacy are paramount.
Anonymity: No personal data, photographs, or identifying information of children may be shared. Directly or indirectly identifying information is strictly prohibited in the findings.
Compliance: The journal adopts the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, national Personal Data Protection Laws (KVKK), and international ethical standards. Any breach of child rights will lead to immediate retraction and institutional notification.
POST-PUBLICATION CORRECTIONS, RETRACTIONS, AND APPEALS
Corrections: If an error is identified post-publication, a Corrigendum or Erratum may be issued.
Retractions: Retractions are conducted according to COPE Retraction Guidelines in cases of significant ethical breaches or scientific errors.
Appeals: Authors may appeal editorial decisions in writing with scientific justifications. Appeals are reviewed impartially by the Editorial Board.
Self-Archiving: J-CAD supports open science. Authors may archive the published version of their articles in institutional repositories or personal websites, provided the original journal source is cited.

Prof. Dr. Neriman ARAL
Journal of Child and Development (J-CAD)
Editor-in-Chief
https://dergipark.org.tr/cg

Section Editors

İA

İsmihan ARTAN

Child Development Education, Gender, Sexuality and Education, Social Development

Emin DEMIR

Family Counseling, Child Development Education

Mehmet SAĞLAM

Early Childhood Education, Child Development Education, Special Education and Disabled Education

Neriman ARAL

Program Design, Early Childhood Education, Child Development Education, Creative Drama Education, Autism and Spectrum Disorder Education, Child and Adolescent Development

GK

Gül KADAN

Early Childhood Education, Child Development Education, Special Education and Disability (Other), Health Sciences