This publication investigates the performance of demodulation methods utilized in spread spectrum chaotic communication systems in order to understand conditions at which advanced demodulation methods, such as chaotic synchronization, provide tangible benefits over classical, matched filtering-based approaches. We conduct simulations and comparisons of three different communication systems: classic direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), chaotic signal fragment-based pseudo-chaotic spread spectrum (PCSS), and chaotic synchronization-based antipodal chaos shift keying (ACSK). These systems possess similar spectral and time domain characteristics, allowing us to shed light on their fundamental differences and limitations in chaos-based communication. Additionally, we assess the impact of frequency modulation (FM) on these modulation methods, as FM allows the creation of simplified non-coherent modulation schemes. Our findings, based on the analysis of bit error ratio (BER) curves, demonstrate that in the case of a non-dispersive communication channel, the utilization of chaotic synchronization does not allow to achieve performance of correlation-based receivers. Additionally, the utilization of chaotic synchronization for multiple access poses certain challenges due to malicious synchronization between users. As a supplementary finding, we show that in systems with matched filter-based demodulation, discrete-time quantized spreading sequences confer an advantage over analogous, continuous-time spreading waveforms.
Aboltins, A., F. Capligins, N. Hasjuks, and A. Ahrens, 2023 Implementation
of chaotic frequency modulation based spread
spectrum communication system in software-defined radio. In
IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC,
volume 2023-March, pp. 1–6, IEEE.
Aboltins, A., A. Litvinenko, M. Terauds, and A. Ahrens, 2022 Use
of Chaotic Oscillations for Precoding and Synchronization in
OFDM. Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 20:
260 – 271.
Aboltins, A. and N. Tihomorskis, 2023 Software-Defined Radio
Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Frequency-
Modulated Antipodal Chaos Shift Keying Communication System
†. Electronics (Switzerland) 12: 1240.
Andreyev, Y., 2023 Analytical Model of an Energy Detector for
Ultra-Wideband Chaotic Communications. Electronics (Switzerland)
12: 954.
Anstrangs, D. D., D. Cirjulina, R. Babajans, A. Litvinenko, and
D. Pikulins, 2019 Noise Immunity of Chaotic Synchronization in
Master-Slave System. In Advances in Information, Electronic and
Electrical Engineering, AIEEE 2019 - Proceedings of the 7th IEEE
Workshop, volume 2019-Novem, pp. 1–5, IEEE.
Babajans, R., D. Cirjulina, J. Grizans, A. Aboltins, D. Pikulins, et al.,
2021 Impact of the Chaotic Synchronization’s Stability on the
Performance of QCPSK Communication System. Electronics 10:
640.
Berber, S. M. and A. K. Gandhi, 2016 Inherent diversity combining
techniques to mitigate frequency selective fading in chaos-based
DSSS systems. Physical Communication 19: 30–37.
Cai, X.,W. Xu, S. Hong, and L.Wang, 2021 A Trinal-Code Shifted
Differential Chaos Shift Keying System. IEEE Communications
Letters 25: 1000–1004.
Candido, R., D. C. Soriano, M. T. Silva, and M. Eisencraft, 2015
Do chaos-based communication systems really transmit chaotic
signals? Signal Processing 108: 412–420.
Chong, C. C. and S. K. Yong, 2008 UWB direct chaotic communication
technology for low-rate WPAN applications. IEEE Transactions
on Vehicular Technology 57: 1527–1536.
Cirjulina, D., D. D. Anstrangs, R. Babajans, A. Litvinenko, and
S. Tjukovs, 2019 Influence of element nominal values on chaos
oscillator dynamics and synchronization. In Advances in Information,
Electronic and Electrical Engineering, AIEEE 2019 - Proceedings
of the 7th IEEE Workshop, volume 2019-Novem, pp. 1–5, IEEE.
Cirjulina, D., D. Pikulins, R. Babajans, M. Zeltins, D. Kolosovs, et al.,
2022 Experimental Study on FM-CSK Communication System
for WSN. Electronics (Switzerland) 11: 1517.
Hasjuks, N., H. Hellbruck, and A. Aboltins, 2022 Performance
study of chaos-based DSSS and FHSS multi-user communication
systems. In Proceedings of 2022 Workshop on Microwave Theory and
Techniques in Wireless Communications, MTTW 2022, pp. 23–28,
IEEE.
Hassan, M. F. and M. Hammuda, 2019 A new approach for constrained
chaos synchronization with application to secure data
communication. Journal of the Franklin Institute 356: 6697–6723.
Jovic, B., 2017 Class of novel broadband chaos-based coherent
communication systems. IET Communications 11: 1970–1984.
Li, A. and C.Wang, 2017 Efficient Data Transmission Based on a
Scalar Chaotic Drive-Response System. Mathematical Problems
in Engineering 2017: 1–9.
Litvinenko, A. and A. Aboltins, 2016 Use of cross-correlation minimization
for performance enhancement of chaotic spreading
sequence based asynchronous DS-CDMA system. In 2016 IEEE
4th Workshop on Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical
Engineering (AIEEE), pp. 1–6, IEEE.
Litvinenko, A., A. Aboltins, D. Pikulins, A. Ahrens, F. Capligins,
et al., 2019 Advanced Chaos Shift Keying Based on a Modified
Chua’s Circuit. In 2019 IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques in
Wireless Communications (MTTW), pp. 17–22, IEEE.
Liu, F., 2019 Unconventional direct acquisition method for chaotic
DSSS signals. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and
Communications 99: 293–298.
Ma, H., Y. Fang, P. Chen, and Y. Li, 2022 Reconfigurable Intelligent
Surface-aided M-ary FM-DCSK System: a New Design for Noncoherent
Chaos-based Communication. IEEE Transactions on
Vehicular Technology pp. 1–15.
Mesloub, A., A. Boukhelifa, O. Merad, S. Saddoudi, A. Younsi,
et al., 2017 Chip Averaging Chaotic ON-OFF Keying: A New
Non-Coherent Modulation for UltraWide Band Direct Chaotic
Communication. IEEE Communications Letters 21: 2166–2169.
Mukherjee, S. and D. Ghosh, 2014 Design and performance analysis
of a novel FM-chaos based modulation technique. In IEEE
Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC, pp.
594–599, IEEE.
Parlitz, U. and S. Ergezinger, 1994 Robust communication based
on chaotic spreading sequences. Physics Letters A 188: 146–150.
Parlitz, U., L. Kocarev, T. Stojanovski, and H. Preckel, 1996 Encoding
messages using chaotic synchronization. Physical review. E,
Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary
topics 53: 4351–4361.
Patel, M. K., S. M. Berber, and K. W. Sowerby, 2015a Adaptive
RAKE receiver in chaos based pilot-added DS-CDMA system.
Physical Communication 16: 37–42.
Patel, M. K., S. M. Berber, and K. W. Sowerby, 2015b Performance
Analysis of Adaptive Chaos Based CDMA System with Antenna
Diversity in Frequency Selective Channel. Wireless Personal
Communications 84: 1439–1448.
Que, D. T., N. X. Quyen, and T. M. Hoang, 2021 Performance
of Improved-DCSK system over land mobile satellite channel
under effect of time-reversed chaotic sequences. Physical Communication
47: 101342.
Quyen, N. X., 2017 On the Study of a Quadrature DCSK Modulation
Scheme for Cognitive Radio. International Journal of
Bifurcation and Chaos 27: 1750135.
Sangeetha, M. and V. Bhaskar, 2020 Improved Non-coherent Communication
Systems Using Noise Reduction Chaotic ON–OFF
Keying (NR-COOK) Techniques. Wireless Personal Communications
113: 1297–1314.
Sumith Babu, S. B. and R. Kumar, 2020 A High Capacity 1DChaotic-
Collaborative-CDMA Scheme for Shared Band 5G-IoT
Operation. Wireless Personal Communications 115: 307–314.
Sushchik, M., N. Rulkov, L. Larson, L. Tsimring, H. Abarbanel,
et al., 2000 Chaotic Pulse Position Modulation: A Robust Method
of Communicating with Chaos. IEEE Communications Letters 4:
128–130.
Yang, H.,W. K. S. Tang, G. Chen, and G.-P. Jiang, 2017 Multi-Carrier
Chaos Shift Keying: System Design and Performance Analysis.IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers pp. 1–13.
Yao, J. L., Y. Z. Sun, H. P. Ren, and C. Grebogi, 2019 Experimental
wireless communication using chaotic baseband waveform.
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 68: 578–591.
Yuan, G., Z. Chen, X. Gao, and Y. Zhang, 2021 Enhancing the
Security of Chaotic Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication
through WFRFT. IEEE Communications Letters 25: 2834–
2838.
Zhang, G., N. Cui, and T. Zhang, 2015 System Based on Walsh
Code. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2015.
Year 2024,
Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 170 - 179, 31.07.2024
Aboltins, A., F. Capligins, N. Hasjuks, and A. Ahrens, 2023 Implementation
of chaotic frequency modulation based spread
spectrum communication system in software-defined radio. In
IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC,
volume 2023-March, pp. 1–6, IEEE.
Aboltins, A., A. Litvinenko, M. Terauds, and A. Ahrens, 2022 Use
of Chaotic Oscillations for Precoding and Synchronization in
OFDM. Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 20:
260 – 271.
Aboltins, A. and N. Tihomorskis, 2023 Software-Defined Radio
Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Frequency-
Modulated Antipodal Chaos Shift Keying Communication System
†. Electronics (Switzerland) 12: 1240.
Andreyev, Y., 2023 Analytical Model of an Energy Detector for
Ultra-Wideband Chaotic Communications. Electronics (Switzerland)
12: 954.
Anstrangs, D. D., D. Cirjulina, R. Babajans, A. Litvinenko, and
D. Pikulins, 2019 Noise Immunity of Chaotic Synchronization in
Master-Slave System. In Advances in Information, Electronic and
Electrical Engineering, AIEEE 2019 - Proceedings of the 7th IEEE
Workshop, volume 2019-Novem, pp. 1–5, IEEE.
Babajans, R., D. Cirjulina, J. Grizans, A. Aboltins, D. Pikulins, et al.,
2021 Impact of the Chaotic Synchronization’s Stability on the
Performance of QCPSK Communication System. Electronics 10:
640.
Berber, S. M. and A. K. Gandhi, 2016 Inherent diversity combining
techniques to mitigate frequency selective fading in chaos-based
DSSS systems. Physical Communication 19: 30–37.
Cai, X.,W. Xu, S. Hong, and L.Wang, 2021 A Trinal-Code Shifted
Differential Chaos Shift Keying System. IEEE Communications
Letters 25: 1000–1004.
Candido, R., D. C. Soriano, M. T. Silva, and M. Eisencraft, 2015
Do chaos-based communication systems really transmit chaotic
signals? Signal Processing 108: 412–420.
Chong, C. C. and S. K. Yong, 2008 UWB direct chaotic communication
technology for low-rate WPAN applications. IEEE Transactions
on Vehicular Technology 57: 1527–1536.
Cirjulina, D., D. D. Anstrangs, R. Babajans, A. Litvinenko, and
S. Tjukovs, 2019 Influence of element nominal values on chaos
oscillator dynamics and synchronization. In Advances in Information,
Electronic and Electrical Engineering, AIEEE 2019 - Proceedings
of the 7th IEEE Workshop, volume 2019-Novem, pp. 1–5, IEEE.
Cirjulina, D., D. Pikulins, R. Babajans, M. Zeltins, D. Kolosovs, et al.,
2022 Experimental Study on FM-CSK Communication System
for WSN. Electronics (Switzerland) 11: 1517.
Hasjuks, N., H. Hellbruck, and A. Aboltins, 2022 Performance
study of chaos-based DSSS and FHSS multi-user communication
systems. In Proceedings of 2022 Workshop on Microwave Theory and
Techniques in Wireless Communications, MTTW 2022, pp. 23–28,
IEEE.
Hassan, M. F. and M. Hammuda, 2019 A new approach for constrained
chaos synchronization with application to secure data
communication. Journal of the Franklin Institute 356: 6697–6723.
Jovic, B., 2017 Class of novel broadband chaos-based coherent
communication systems. IET Communications 11: 1970–1984.
Li, A. and C.Wang, 2017 Efficient Data Transmission Based on a
Scalar Chaotic Drive-Response System. Mathematical Problems
in Engineering 2017: 1–9.
Litvinenko, A. and A. Aboltins, 2016 Use of cross-correlation minimization
for performance enhancement of chaotic spreading
sequence based asynchronous DS-CDMA system. In 2016 IEEE
4th Workshop on Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical
Engineering (AIEEE), pp. 1–6, IEEE.
Litvinenko, A., A. Aboltins, D. Pikulins, A. Ahrens, F. Capligins,
et al., 2019 Advanced Chaos Shift Keying Based on a Modified
Chua’s Circuit. In 2019 IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques in
Wireless Communications (MTTW), pp. 17–22, IEEE.
Liu, F., 2019 Unconventional direct acquisition method for chaotic
DSSS signals. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and
Communications 99: 293–298.
Ma, H., Y. Fang, P. Chen, and Y. Li, 2022 Reconfigurable Intelligent
Surface-aided M-ary FM-DCSK System: a New Design for Noncoherent
Chaos-based Communication. IEEE Transactions on
Vehicular Technology pp. 1–15.
Mesloub, A., A. Boukhelifa, O. Merad, S. Saddoudi, A. Younsi,
et al., 2017 Chip Averaging Chaotic ON-OFF Keying: A New
Non-Coherent Modulation for UltraWide Band Direct Chaotic
Communication. IEEE Communications Letters 21: 2166–2169.
Mukherjee, S. and D. Ghosh, 2014 Design and performance analysis
of a novel FM-chaos based modulation technique. In IEEE
Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC, pp.
594–599, IEEE.
Parlitz, U. and S. Ergezinger, 1994 Robust communication based
on chaotic spreading sequences. Physics Letters A 188: 146–150.
Parlitz, U., L. Kocarev, T. Stojanovski, and H. Preckel, 1996 Encoding
messages using chaotic synchronization. Physical review. E,
Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary
topics 53: 4351–4361.
Patel, M. K., S. M. Berber, and K. W. Sowerby, 2015a Adaptive
RAKE receiver in chaos based pilot-added DS-CDMA system.
Physical Communication 16: 37–42.
Patel, M. K., S. M. Berber, and K. W. Sowerby, 2015b Performance
Analysis of Adaptive Chaos Based CDMA System with Antenna
Diversity in Frequency Selective Channel. Wireless Personal
Communications 84: 1439–1448.
Que, D. T., N. X. Quyen, and T. M. Hoang, 2021 Performance
of Improved-DCSK system over land mobile satellite channel
under effect of time-reversed chaotic sequences. Physical Communication
47: 101342.
Quyen, N. X., 2017 On the Study of a Quadrature DCSK Modulation
Scheme for Cognitive Radio. International Journal of
Bifurcation and Chaos 27: 1750135.
Sangeetha, M. and V. Bhaskar, 2020 Improved Non-coherent Communication
Systems Using Noise Reduction Chaotic ON–OFF
Keying (NR-COOK) Techniques. Wireless Personal Communications
113: 1297–1314.
Sumith Babu, S. B. and R. Kumar, 2020 A High Capacity 1DChaotic-
Collaborative-CDMA Scheme for Shared Band 5G-IoT
Operation. Wireless Personal Communications 115: 307–314.
Sushchik, M., N. Rulkov, L. Larson, L. Tsimring, H. Abarbanel,
et al., 2000 Chaotic Pulse Position Modulation: A Robust Method
of Communicating with Chaos. IEEE Communications Letters 4:
128–130.
Yang, H.,W. K. S. Tang, G. Chen, and G.-P. Jiang, 2017 Multi-Carrier
Chaos Shift Keying: System Design and Performance Analysis.IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers pp. 1–13.
Yao, J. L., Y. Z. Sun, H. P. Ren, and C. Grebogi, 2019 Experimental
wireless communication using chaotic baseband waveform.
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 68: 578–591.
Yuan, G., Z. Chen, X. Gao, and Y. Zhang, 2021 Enhancing the
Security of Chaotic Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication
through WFRFT. IEEE Communications Letters 25: 2834–
2838.
Zhang, G., N. Cui, and T. Zhang, 2015 System Based on Walsh
Code. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2015.
There are 35 citations in total.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Software Engineering (Other), Circuits and Systems
Tihomorskis, N., Ahrens, A., & Aboltins, A. (2024). Chaotic Spread-Spectrum Communication: A Comparative Study between Chaotic Synchronization and Matched Filtering. Chaos Theory and Applications, 6(3), 170-179. https://doi.org/10.51537/chaos.1424487