Research Article
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Chaotic Spread-Spectrum Communication: A Comparative Study between Chaotic Synchronization and Matched Filtering

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 170 - 179, 31.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.51537/chaos.1424487

Abstract

This publication investigates the performance of demodulation methods utilized in spread spectrum chaotic communication systems in order to understand conditions at which advanced demodulation methods, such as chaotic synchronization, provide tangible benefits over classical, matched filtering-based approaches. We conduct simulations and comparisons of three different communication systems: classic direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), chaotic signal fragment-based pseudo-chaotic spread spectrum (PCSS), and chaotic synchronization-based antipodal chaos shift keying (ACSK). These systems possess similar spectral and time domain characteristics, allowing us to shed light on their fundamental differences and limitations in chaos-based communication. Additionally, we assess the impact of frequency modulation (FM) on these modulation methods, as FM allows the creation of simplified non-coherent modulation schemes. Our findings, based on the analysis of bit error ratio (BER) curves, demonstrate that in the case of a non-dispersive communication channel, the utilization of chaotic synchronization does not allow to achieve performance of correlation-based receivers. Additionally, the utilization of chaotic synchronization for multiple access poses certain challenges due to malicious synchronization between users. As a supplementary finding, we show that in systems with matched filter-based demodulation, discrete-time quantized spreading sequences confer an advantage over analogous, continuous-time spreading waveforms.

Supporting Institution

Riga Technical University

References

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  • Aboltins, A., A. Litvinenko, M. Terauds, and A. Ahrens, 2022 Use of Chaotic Oscillations for Precoding and Synchronization in OFDM. Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 20: 260 – 271.
  • Aboltins, A. and N. Tihomorskis, 2023 Software-Defined Radio Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Frequency- Modulated Antipodal Chaos Shift Keying Communication System †. Electronics (Switzerland) 12: 1240.
  • Andreyev, Y., 2023 Analytical Model of an Energy Detector for Ultra-Wideband Chaotic Communications. Electronics (Switzerland) 12: 954.
  • Anstrangs, D. D., D. Cirjulina, R. Babajans, A. Litvinenko, and D. Pikulins, 2019 Noise Immunity of Chaotic Synchronization in Master-Slave System. In Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, AIEEE 2019 - Proceedings of the 7th IEEE Workshop, volume 2019-Novem, pp. 1–5, IEEE.
  • Babajans, R., D. Cirjulina, J. Grizans, A. Aboltins, D. Pikulins, et al., 2021 Impact of the Chaotic Synchronization’s Stability on the Performance of QCPSK Communication System. Electronics 10: 640.
  • Berber, S. M. and A. K. Gandhi, 2016 Inherent diversity combining techniques to mitigate frequency selective fading in chaos-based DSSS systems. Physical Communication 19: 30–37.
  • Cai, X.,W. Xu, S. Hong, and L.Wang, 2021 A Trinal-Code Shifted Differential Chaos Shift Keying System. IEEE Communications Letters 25: 1000–1004.
  • Candido, R., D. C. Soriano, M. T. Silva, and M. Eisencraft, 2015 Do chaos-based communication systems really transmit chaotic signals? Signal Processing 108: 412–420.
  • Chong, C. C. and S. K. Yong, 2008 UWB direct chaotic communication technology for low-rate WPAN applications. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 57: 1527–1536.
  • Cirjulina, D., D. D. Anstrangs, R. Babajans, A. Litvinenko, and S. Tjukovs, 2019 Influence of element nominal values on chaos oscillator dynamics and synchronization. In Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, AIEEE 2019 - Proceedings of the 7th IEEE Workshop, volume 2019-Novem, pp. 1–5, IEEE.
  • Cirjulina, D., D. Pikulins, R. Babajans, M. Zeltins, D. Kolosovs, et al., 2022 Experimental Study on FM-CSK Communication System for WSN. Electronics (Switzerland) 11: 1517.
  • Hasjuks, N., H. Hellbruck, and A. Aboltins, 2022 Performance study of chaos-based DSSS and FHSS multi-user communication systems. In Proceedings of 2022 Workshop on Microwave Theory and Techniques in Wireless Communications, MTTW 2022, pp. 23–28, IEEE.
  • Hassan, M. F. and M. Hammuda, 2019 A new approach for constrained chaos synchronization with application to secure data communication. Journal of the Franklin Institute 356: 6697–6723.
  • Jovic, B., 2017 Class of novel broadband chaos-based coherent communication systems. IET Communications 11: 1970–1984.
  • Li, A. and C.Wang, 2017 Efficient Data Transmission Based on a Scalar Chaotic Drive-Response System. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017: 1–9.
  • Litvinenko, A. and A. Aboltins, 2016 Use of cross-correlation minimization for performance enhancement of chaotic spreading sequence based asynchronous DS-CDMA system. In 2016 IEEE 4th Workshop on Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (AIEEE), pp. 1–6, IEEE.
  • Litvinenko, A., A. Aboltins, D. Pikulins, A. Ahrens, F. Capligins, et al., 2019 Advanced Chaos Shift Keying Based on a Modified Chua’s Circuit. In 2019 IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques in Wireless Communications (MTTW), pp. 17–22, IEEE.
  • Liu, F., 2019 Unconventional direct acquisition method for chaotic DSSS signals. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 99: 293–298.
  • Ma, H., Y. Fang, P. Chen, and Y. Li, 2022 Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-aided M-ary FM-DCSK System: a New Design for Noncoherent Chaos-based Communication. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology pp. 1–15.
  • Mesloub, A., A. Boukhelifa, O. Merad, S. Saddoudi, A. Younsi, et al., 2017 Chip Averaging Chaotic ON-OFF Keying: A New Non-Coherent Modulation for UltraWide Band Direct Chaotic Communication. IEEE Communications Letters 21: 2166–2169.
  • Mukherjee, S. and D. Ghosh, 2014 Design and performance analysis of a novel FM-chaos based modulation technique. In IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC, pp. 594–599, IEEE.
  • Parlitz, U. and S. Ergezinger, 1994 Robust communication based on chaotic spreading sequences. Physics Letters A 188: 146–150.
  • Parlitz, U., L. Kocarev, T. Stojanovski, and H. Preckel, 1996 Encoding messages using chaotic synchronization. Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics 53: 4351–4361.
  • Patel, M. K., S. M. Berber, and K. W. Sowerby, 2015a Adaptive RAKE receiver in chaos based pilot-added DS-CDMA system. Physical Communication 16: 37–42.
  • Patel, M. K., S. M. Berber, and K. W. Sowerby, 2015b Performance Analysis of Adaptive Chaos Based CDMA System with Antenna Diversity in Frequency Selective Channel. Wireless Personal Communications 84: 1439–1448.
  • Que, D. T., N. X. Quyen, and T. M. Hoang, 2021 Performance of Improved-DCSK system over land mobile satellite channel under effect of time-reversed chaotic sequences. Physical Communication 47: 101342.
  • Quyen, N. X., 2017 On the Study of a Quadrature DCSK Modulation Scheme for Cognitive Radio. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 27: 1750135.
  • Sangeetha, M. and V. Bhaskar, 2020 Improved Non-coherent Communication Systems Using Noise Reduction Chaotic ON–OFF Keying (NR-COOK) Techniques. Wireless Personal Communications 113: 1297–1314.
  • Sumith Babu, S. B. and R. Kumar, 2020 A High Capacity 1DChaotic- Collaborative-CDMA Scheme for Shared Band 5G-IoT Operation. Wireless Personal Communications 115: 307–314.
  • Sushchik, M., N. Rulkov, L. Larson, L. Tsimring, H. Abarbanel, et al., 2000 Chaotic Pulse Position Modulation: A Robust Method of Communicating with Chaos. IEEE Communications Letters 4: 128–130.
  • Yang, H.,W. K. S. Tang, G. Chen, and G.-P. Jiang, 2017 Multi-Carrier Chaos Shift Keying: System Design and Performance Analysis.IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers pp. 1–13.
  • Yao, J. L., Y. Z. Sun, H. P. Ren, and C. Grebogi, 2019 Experimental wireless communication using chaotic baseband waveform. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 68: 578–591.
  • Yuan, G., Z. Chen, X. Gao, and Y. Zhang, 2021 Enhancing the Security of Chaotic Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication through WFRFT. IEEE Communications Letters 25: 2834– 2838.
  • Zhang, G., N. Cui, and T. Zhang, 2015 System Based on Walsh Code. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2015.
Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 170 - 179, 31.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.51537/chaos.1424487

Abstract

References

  • Aboltins, A., F. Capligins, N. Hasjuks, and A. Ahrens, 2023 Implementation of chaotic frequency modulation based spread spectrum communication system in software-defined radio. In IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC, volume 2023-March, pp. 1–6, IEEE.
  • Aboltins, A., A. Litvinenko, M. Terauds, and A. Ahrens, 2022 Use of Chaotic Oscillations for Precoding and Synchronization in OFDM. Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 20: 260 – 271.
  • Aboltins, A. and N. Tihomorskis, 2023 Software-Defined Radio Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Frequency- Modulated Antipodal Chaos Shift Keying Communication System †. Electronics (Switzerland) 12: 1240.
  • Andreyev, Y., 2023 Analytical Model of an Energy Detector for Ultra-Wideband Chaotic Communications. Electronics (Switzerland) 12: 954.
  • Anstrangs, D. D., D. Cirjulina, R. Babajans, A. Litvinenko, and D. Pikulins, 2019 Noise Immunity of Chaotic Synchronization in Master-Slave System. In Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, AIEEE 2019 - Proceedings of the 7th IEEE Workshop, volume 2019-Novem, pp. 1–5, IEEE.
  • Babajans, R., D. Cirjulina, J. Grizans, A. Aboltins, D. Pikulins, et al., 2021 Impact of the Chaotic Synchronization’s Stability on the Performance of QCPSK Communication System. Electronics 10: 640.
  • Berber, S. M. and A. K. Gandhi, 2016 Inherent diversity combining techniques to mitigate frequency selective fading in chaos-based DSSS systems. Physical Communication 19: 30–37.
  • Cai, X.,W. Xu, S. Hong, and L.Wang, 2021 A Trinal-Code Shifted Differential Chaos Shift Keying System. IEEE Communications Letters 25: 1000–1004.
  • Candido, R., D. C. Soriano, M. T. Silva, and M. Eisencraft, 2015 Do chaos-based communication systems really transmit chaotic signals? Signal Processing 108: 412–420.
  • Chong, C. C. and S. K. Yong, 2008 UWB direct chaotic communication technology for low-rate WPAN applications. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 57: 1527–1536.
  • Cirjulina, D., D. D. Anstrangs, R. Babajans, A. Litvinenko, and S. Tjukovs, 2019 Influence of element nominal values on chaos oscillator dynamics and synchronization. In Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, AIEEE 2019 - Proceedings of the 7th IEEE Workshop, volume 2019-Novem, pp. 1–5, IEEE.
  • Cirjulina, D., D. Pikulins, R. Babajans, M. Zeltins, D. Kolosovs, et al., 2022 Experimental Study on FM-CSK Communication System for WSN. Electronics (Switzerland) 11: 1517.
  • Hasjuks, N., H. Hellbruck, and A. Aboltins, 2022 Performance study of chaos-based DSSS and FHSS multi-user communication systems. In Proceedings of 2022 Workshop on Microwave Theory and Techniques in Wireless Communications, MTTW 2022, pp. 23–28, IEEE.
  • Hassan, M. F. and M. Hammuda, 2019 A new approach for constrained chaos synchronization with application to secure data communication. Journal of the Franklin Institute 356: 6697–6723.
  • Jovic, B., 2017 Class of novel broadband chaos-based coherent communication systems. IET Communications 11: 1970–1984.
  • Li, A. and C.Wang, 2017 Efficient Data Transmission Based on a Scalar Chaotic Drive-Response System. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017: 1–9.
  • Litvinenko, A. and A. Aboltins, 2016 Use of cross-correlation minimization for performance enhancement of chaotic spreading sequence based asynchronous DS-CDMA system. In 2016 IEEE 4th Workshop on Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (AIEEE), pp. 1–6, IEEE.
  • Litvinenko, A., A. Aboltins, D. Pikulins, A. Ahrens, F. Capligins, et al., 2019 Advanced Chaos Shift Keying Based on a Modified Chua’s Circuit. In 2019 IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques in Wireless Communications (MTTW), pp. 17–22, IEEE.
  • Liu, F., 2019 Unconventional direct acquisition method for chaotic DSSS signals. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 99: 293–298.
  • Ma, H., Y. Fang, P. Chen, and Y. Li, 2022 Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-aided M-ary FM-DCSK System: a New Design for Noncoherent Chaos-based Communication. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology pp. 1–15.
  • Mesloub, A., A. Boukhelifa, O. Merad, S. Saddoudi, A. Younsi, et al., 2017 Chip Averaging Chaotic ON-OFF Keying: A New Non-Coherent Modulation for UltraWide Band Direct Chaotic Communication. IEEE Communications Letters 21: 2166–2169.
  • Mukherjee, S. and D. Ghosh, 2014 Design and performance analysis of a novel FM-chaos based modulation technique. In IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC, pp. 594–599, IEEE.
  • Parlitz, U. and S. Ergezinger, 1994 Robust communication based on chaotic spreading sequences. Physics Letters A 188: 146–150.
  • Parlitz, U., L. Kocarev, T. Stojanovski, and H. Preckel, 1996 Encoding messages using chaotic synchronization. Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics 53: 4351–4361.
  • Patel, M. K., S. M. Berber, and K. W. Sowerby, 2015a Adaptive RAKE receiver in chaos based pilot-added DS-CDMA system. Physical Communication 16: 37–42.
  • Patel, M. K., S. M. Berber, and K. W. Sowerby, 2015b Performance Analysis of Adaptive Chaos Based CDMA System with Antenna Diversity in Frequency Selective Channel. Wireless Personal Communications 84: 1439–1448.
  • Que, D. T., N. X. Quyen, and T. M. Hoang, 2021 Performance of Improved-DCSK system over land mobile satellite channel under effect of time-reversed chaotic sequences. Physical Communication 47: 101342.
  • Quyen, N. X., 2017 On the Study of a Quadrature DCSK Modulation Scheme for Cognitive Radio. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 27: 1750135.
  • Sangeetha, M. and V. Bhaskar, 2020 Improved Non-coherent Communication Systems Using Noise Reduction Chaotic ON–OFF Keying (NR-COOK) Techniques. Wireless Personal Communications 113: 1297–1314.
  • Sumith Babu, S. B. and R. Kumar, 2020 A High Capacity 1DChaotic- Collaborative-CDMA Scheme for Shared Band 5G-IoT Operation. Wireless Personal Communications 115: 307–314.
  • Sushchik, M., N. Rulkov, L. Larson, L. Tsimring, H. Abarbanel, et al., 2000 Chaotic Pulse Position Modulation: A Robust Method of Communicating with Chaos. IEEE Communications Letters 4: 128–130.
  • Yang, H.,W. K. S. Tang, G. Chen, and G.-P. Jiang, 2017 Multi-Carrier Chaos Shift Keying: System Design and Performance Analysis.IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers pp. 1–13.
  • Yao, J. L., Y. Z. Sun, H. P. Ren, and C. Grebogi, 2019 Experimental wireless communication using chaotic baseband waveform. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 68: 578–591.
  • Yuan, G., Z. Chen, X. Gao, and Y. Zhang, 2021 Enhancing the Security of Chaotic Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication through WFRFT. IEEE Communications Letters 25: 2834– 2838.
  • Zhang, G., N. Cui, and T. Zhang, 2015 System Based on Walsh Code. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2015.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Software Engineering (Other), Circuits and Systems
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nikolajs Tihomorskis 0000-0002-8771-7391

Andreas Ahrens 0000-0002-7664-9450

Arturs Aboltins 0000-0001-6901-9787

Publication Date July 31, 2024
Submission Date January 23, 2024
Acceptance Date April 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Tihomorskis, N., Ahrens, A., & Aboltins, A. (2024). Chaotic Spread-Spectrum Communication: A Comparative Study between Chaotic Synchronization and Matched Filtering. Chaos Theory and Applications, 6(3), 170-179. https://doi.org/10.51537/chaos.1424487

Chaos Theory and Applications in Applied Sciences and Engineering: An interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science 23830 28903   

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