The publication of a title (i.e. paper) in our peer-reviewed journal is a main building block in the improvement of a coherent and respected network of scientific knowledge. It is a direct reflection of the quality of the work of the paper authors and the corresponding institutions supporting them. Peer-reviewed papers support and embody the scientific methodology. Therefore, that is important to agree on the standards of expected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the act of publishing for the authors, the journal editor, the peer reviewers, the publisher and the society of society-owned or sponsored journals.

Duties of Editors:
Fair-play
Publication decision
Confidentiality
Involvement and cooperation in investigations
Disclosure and conflicts of interest

Duties of Reviewers:
Contribution to editorial decision
Confidentiality
Promptness
Standards of objectivity
Acknowledgement of source
Disclosure and conflicts of interest

Duties of Authors:
Authorship of the paper
Reporting standards
Data access and retention
Originality and plagiarism
Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication
Acknowledgement of sources
Fundamental errors in published works
Hazards and human or animal subjects
Disclosure and conflicts of interest

Duties of the Publisher:
We are committed to ensuring that advertising, reprinting or other commercial revenue has no impact or influence on editorial decisions. In addition, Computers and Informatics will assist in communications with other journals and/or publishers where that is useful to editors. To conclude, we work closely with other publishers and industry associations to set standards for best practices on ethical matters, errors and retractions. They are prepared to provide specialized legal review and counsel, if it is required. As part of our commitment to the protection and enhancement of the peer-review process, Computers and Informatics has an obligation to assist the scientific community in all aspects of publishing ethics, especially in cases of duplicate submission or plagiarism.

Rights and Responsibilities:
At Computers and Informatics, we request transfers of copyright, or in some cases exclusive rights, from our journal authors in order to ensure that we have the rights necessary for the proper administration of electronic rights and online dissemination of journal articles. Authors and their employers retain or are granted significant scholarly rights in their work. We take seriously our responsibility as the steward of the online record to ensure the integrity of scholarly works and the sustainability of journal business models.

Reporting standards:
Authors of reports of novel research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.
Review and professional publication articles should also be accurate and objective, and editorial opinion works should be identified as such.

Data access and retention:
Authors may be asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data, if practicable, and should in any event be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication.

Originality and plagiarism:
The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others, that this has been appropriately cited or quoted. Plagiarism takes many forms, from "passing off" another’s paper as the author’s own paper, to copying or paraphrasing substantial parts of another’s paper without attribution, to claiming results from research conducted by others. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.

Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication:
An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. In general, an author should not submit for consideration in another journal a previously published paper. Publication of some kinds of articles such as clinical guidelines and translations in more than one journal is sometimes justifiable, provided certain conditions are met. The authors and editors of the journals concerned must agree to the secondary publication, which must reflect the same data and interpretation of the primary document. The primary reference must be cited in the secondary publication.

Acknowledgement of sources:
Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work. Information obtained privately, as in conversation, correspondence, or discussion with third parties, must not be used or reported without explicit, written permission from the source. Information obtained in the course of confidential services, such as refereeing manuscripts or grant applications, must not be used without the explicit written permission of the author of the work involved in those services.

Hazards and human or animal subjects:
If the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the author must clearly identify these in the manuscript. If the work involves the use of animal or human subjects, the author should ensure that the manuscript contains a statement that all procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and that the appropriate institutional committees have approved them. Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed.


Use of patient images or case details:
Studies on patients or volunteers require ethics committee approval and informed consent, which should be documented in the paper. Appropriate consents, permissions and releases must be obtained where an author wishes to include case details or other personal information or images of patients and any other individuals in an Computers and Informatics publication. Written consents must be retained by the author and copies of the consents or evidence that such consents have been obtained must be provided to Computers and Informatics on request. Particular care should be taken with obtaining consent where children are concerned in particular where a child has special needs or learning disabilities, where an individual’s head or face appears, or where reference is made to an individual’s name or other personal details.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest:
A conflict of interest may exist when an author or the author’s institution has a financial or other relationship with other people or organizations that may inappropriately influence the author’s work. A conflict can be actual or potential, and full disclosure to the journal is the safest course. All submissions must include disclosure of all relationships that could be viewed as presenting a potential conflict of interest. The journal may use such information as a basis for editorial decisions and may publish such disclosures if they are believed to be important to readers in judging the manuscript. A decision may be made by the journal not to publish on the basis of the declared conflict. At the end of the text, under the subheading "Disclosure Statement", all authors must disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations within 3 years of beginning the work submitted that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest which should be disclosed include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest stage possible.
All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed. This declaration with the heading "Role of the funding source" should be made in a separate section of the text and placed before the References. Authors must described the role of the study sponsors, if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.

Fundamental errors in published works:
When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author’s obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper. If the editor or the publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains a significant error, it is the obligation of the author to promptly retract or correct the paper or provide evidence to the editor of the correctness of the original paper.

Authorship of the paper:
Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included on the paper, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.

Changes to authorship:
This policy concerns the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted manuscripts. Before the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue: Requests to add or remove an author, or to rearrange the author names, must be sent to the Journal Manager by the corresponding author of the accepted manuscript, and must include: The reason the name should be added or removed, or the author names rearranged.
Written confirmation (by e-mail, fax, or letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
Requests that are not sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded by the Journal Manager to the corresponding author, who must follow the procedure described above.

It should be noted that;
Journal Managers will inform the Journal Editors of any such requests.
Publication of the accepted manuscript in an online issue is suspended until authorship has been agreed. After the accepted manuscript has been published in an online issue: Any requests to add, delete or rearrange author names in an article published in an online issue will follow the same policies as noted above and may result in a corrigendum.