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Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinde Tarımda Kadın İstihdamı ile Tarım Sektörü Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 186 - 200, 15.07.2021

Abstract

Female employment rates tend to decrease both in the world and across regions.The technological change in agriculture and the transformation in agriculture have restricted the employment potential of female labor in agriculture in many parts of the world. Within the scope of the research, data belonging to the years of 1991-2018 from the whole 27 European Union (EU) countries were used. In the application part of the study, the relationships between female employment rate in agriculture, oil crops production index, cereals production index and fruit and vegetable production index were examined. In the analysis of the data, the correlational survey model, which examines the existing relationships and connections between the variables was selected. The results reveal that there is a one way panel casuality from the female employment rate in agriculture to the oil crops production index in the short term, but there is a long-term cointegration relationship between all variables. Besides it is found that the female employment rate in agriculture has a positive and significant effect on the oil crops production index.

References

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  • Delphy C., (2008), Baş düşman (Ed. Acar-Savran, G. & Demirtutan, N.), İstanbul:Yordam Kitapevi,89-115.
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  • Fonjong, L. N., & Athanasıa, M. F., (2007). The fortunes and misfortunes of women rice producers in ndop, cameroon and the implications for gender roles. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 8(4), 133-147.
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  • Güriş, S., Akay, E.Ç., & Güriş, B. (2017). Eviews ile temel ekonometri. İstanbul:Der Yayınları. Ishaq, W., & Memon, S. Q. (2016). Roles of women in agriculture: A case study of rural Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of rural development and agriculture, 1(1), 1-11.
  • ILO (2012). Global employment trends: preventing a deeper job crisis. Geneva, Switzerland. Iyengar, R., & Gouri, G.P. (2016), Female employment in agriculture, International Journal of Recent Trendes in Engineering and Research, 2(11), 206-210.
  • Norman, J., & Kebe B., (2010). African smallholder farmers rice production and sustainable livelihoods. Regional Perspectives, FAO, Italy, 33-42.
  • Paris, T. R., Luis, J., Villanueva, D., Rola-Rubzen, M. F., Chi, T. T. N., & Wongsanum, C. (2009, March). Labour out migration on rice farming households and gender roles: synthesis of findings in Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam. In FAO-IFADILO workshop on gaps, trends and current research in gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment: differentiated pathways out of poverty (pp. 221-224).
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  • Rossier R., Ressig L. (2014). Beitrag der Bäuerinnen für die landwirtschaftlichen Familienbetriebe in der Schweiz. Eine Zeitbudgeterhebung. /Contribution of female farmers to family farms in Switzerland. A timed use survey/ Ökonomie, Agroscope Transfer, 21:3-8.
  • Serdaroğlu,U., & Yavuz,G.,(2010), Kalkınma ve kadın (veya toplumsal cinisyet) ilişkilendirilişininin değişimindeki kavşaklar, Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 19, Özel Sayı, 121-164.
  • Sharma, R. K., Bala, B., & Sharma, H. R. (1999). Contribution of female labour to farm income: A study of tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 54(3), 305-317.
  • Sindhu, S., & Jayan, K.N. (2004). Work participation of women in coffee cultivation: A study in the hilly tracts of Kerala. Indian J. Soc. Res., 45(1): 71-79.
  • Singh, R.K.P., Kumari, A., & Choudhary, A.K. (1999). Dynamics of women work participation in Bihar. Indian J. Agric. Econ., 54(3): 304-311.
  • Toksöz, G. (2011). Women’s employment in Turkey in the light of different trajectories in development-different patterns in women’s employment. Kadın Sorunları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi.
  • Weindl, P., & Staudengarten, (2019). A. Herausgeber: Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (LfL), Vöttinger Straße 38, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan Internet: www. LfL. bayern. de Redaktion: Institut für Tierernährung und Futterwirtschaft Prof. Dr. Hubert Spiekers.
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  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php/Agricultural_production. (Access Date: October, 2020)

The Relationship Between Female Employment in Agriculture and Agricultural Sector in EU Countries

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 186 - 200, 15.07.2021

Abstract

References

  • Abdelalı - Martını, M. (2011). Empowering women in the rural labor force with a focus on agricultural employment in the Middle East and North Africa. UN Women Expert Group Meeting Paper, Accra, Ghana, 1-3.
  • Aytun, C., & Akın, C. S. (2014). OECD ülkelerinde telekomünikasyon altyapısı ve ekonomik büyüme: Yatay kesit bağımlı heterojen panel nedensellik analizi. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 29(340), 69-94.
  • Björkhaug, H., & Blekesaune, A. (2008). Gender and work in Norwegian family farm businesses. Sociologia ruralis, 48(2), 152-165.
  • Bock, B. B. (2004). It still matters where you live: rural women's employment throughout Europe. In H. Buller, & K. Hoggart (Eds.), Women in the European countryside (pp. 14-41). Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Boserup E. (2007). Woman's Role in Economic Development. Reprinted with new Introduction. Cromwell Press, UK.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Delphy C., (2008), Baş düşman (Ed. Acar-Savran, G. & Demirtutan, N.), İstanbul:Yordam Kitapevi,89-115.
  • European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE,) Gender in agriculture and rural development, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016.
  • Eurostat, (2013). Statistics explained, statistics on rural areas in the EU. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics explained/ (Access Date:December, 2020) Eurostat, Statistics Explained, Statistics on rural areas in the EU, 2017.
  • Fonjong, L. N., & Athanasıa, M. F., (2007). The fortunes and misfortunes of women rice producers in ndop, cameroon and the implications for gender roles. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 8(4), 133-147.
  • Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations official web site “www.fao.org”.( Access Date:October 2020).
  • Franić, R., & Kovačićek, T. (2019). The Professional status of rural women in the EU. European Parliament: Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs: Directorate General for Internal Policies of the Union.
  • Güriş, S., Akay, E.Ç., & Güriş, B. (2017). Eviews ile temel ekonometri. İstanbul:Der Yayınları. Ishaq, W., & Memon, S. Q. (2016). Roles of women in agriculture: A case study of rural Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of rural development and agriculture, 1(1), 1-11.
  • ILO (2012). Global employment trends: preventing a deeper job crisis. Geneva, Switzerland. Iyengar, R., & Gouri, G.P. (2016), Female employment in agriculture, International Journal of Recent Trendes in Engineering and Research, 2(11), 206-210.
  • Norman, J., & Kebe B., (2010). African smallholder farmers rice production and sustainable livelihoods. Regional Perspectives, FAO, Italy, 33-42.
  • Paris, T. R., Luis, J., Villanueva, D., Rola-Rubzen, M. F., Chi, T. T. N., & Wongsanum, C. (2009, March). Labour out migration on rice farming households and gender roles: synthesis of findings in Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam. In FAO-IFADILO workshop on gaps, trends and current research in gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment: differentiated pathways out of poverty (pp. 221-224).
  • Pesaran, M.H., (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Cambridge Working Papers in Economics.
  • Prakash, D. (2003). Rural Women, Food Security and Agricultural Cooperatives”, Rural Development And Management Centre, The Saryu, J-102 Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019. India, http://www.uwcc.wisc.edu/info/ intl/rur_women.pdf, (Access Date: December 2020). Rahman, S. (2000), Women’s employment in Bangladesh agriculture: composition, determinantsand scope. Journal of Rural Studies, 16(4), 497-507.
  • Rao, S. (2011). Work and empowerment: women and agriculture in South India. The Journal of Development Studies, 47(2), 294-315.
  • Relf T. (2014). New survey shows changing role of women on farms. Farmers Weekly. http://www.fwi.co.uk/farm-life/new-survey-shows-changing-roleof-women-on-farms.htm Rheinischer Land Frauenverband e.V., Westfälisch-Lippischer Land Women‘s roles in Austrian agriculture 33 Frauenverband e.V. (2016). Frauen in der Landwirtschaft in NordrheinWestfalen. Antworten 2016. /Women in agriculture in North RhineWestphalia/http://www.wllv.de/fileadmin/dateien/aktuelles/FraueninderLa ndwirtschaft.pdf.
  • Rossier R. (2014). Die Stellung der Frauen auf bäuerlichen Familienbetrieben in der Schweiz. /The position of women on family farms in Switzerland/ In: Larcher, M., Oedl-Wieser, T., Schmitt, M., Seiser, G. (Hrsg.): Frauen am Land – Potentiale und Perspektiven. StudienVerlag. Innsbruck – Wien – Bozen. ISBN 978-3-7065-5315-5: 186-203.
  • Rossier R., Ressig L. (2014). Beitrag der Bäuerinnen für die landwirtschaftlichen Familienbetriebe in der Schweiz. Eine Zeitbudgeterhebung. /Contribution of female farmers to family farms in Switzerland. A timed use survey/ Ökonomie, Agroscope Transfer, 21:3-8.
  • Serdaroğlu,U., & Yavuz,G.,(2010), Kalkınma ve kadın (veya toplumsal cinisyet) ilişkilendirilişininin değişimindeki kavşaklar, Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 19, Özel Sayı, 121-164.
  • Sharma, R. K., Bala, B., & Sharma, H. R. (1999). Contribution of female labour to farm income: A study of tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 54(3), 305-317.
  • Sindhu, S., & Jayan, K.N. (2004). Work participation of women in coffee cultivation: A study in the hilly tracts of Kerala. Indian J. Soc. Res., 45(1): 71-79.
  • Singh, R.K.P., Kumari, A., & Choudhary, A.K. (1999). Dynamics of women work participation in Bihar. Indian J. Agric. Econ., 54(3): 304-311.
  • Toksöz, G. (2011). Women’s employment in Turkey in the light of different trajectories in development-different patterns in women’s employment. Kadın Sorunları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi.
  • Weindl, P., & Staudengarten, (2019). A. Herausgeber: Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (LfL), Vöttinger Straße 38, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan Internet: www. LfL. bayern. de Redaktion: Institut für Tierernährung und Futterwirtschaft Prof. Dr. Hubert Spiekers.
  • World Bank official web site, “www.worldbank.org”. (Access Date:October 2020).
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php/Agricultural_production. (Access Date: October, 2020)
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics, Women's Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zeynep Çolak 0000-0003-0058-6809

Publication Date July 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çolak, Z. (2021). The Relationship Between Female Employment in Agriculture and Agricultural Sector in EU Countries. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 12(2), 186-200.

Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, Ocak ve Temmuz aylarında olmak üzere yılda iki defa çıkarılan ulusal ve uluslararası hakemli bilimsel bir dergidir.