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İnşaat Sektöründe Risk Değerlendirmesinin İş Kazalarına Etkisi ve Risk Değerlendirmesi Performansının Ölçülmesi için Metodoloji Önerisi

Year 2023, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 16 - 32, 31.07.2023

Ahmet Esat Korkut Mürsel Erdal

Abstract

Ülkemizde iş sağlığı ve güvenliği mevzuatının gelişmiş ülkeler düzeyine getirilmesi ve işyerlerinin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği seviyelerinin sürekli iyileştirilmesine yönelik büyük çabalar gösterilmektedir. Bu çabalar içerisinde işyerlerinde risk bazlı yaklaşımın benimsenmesi ve risk değerlendirmesinin uygulanmasına yönelik çalışmalar önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de iş sağlığı ve güvenliği mevzuatında yapılan düzenlemeler özetlenerek mevzuatta risk değerlendirmesine verilen önem değerlendirilmiştir. Ülkemizde inşaat sektöründe gerçekleşen iş kazası istatistikleri incelenerek işyerlerinde gerçekleştirilen iş sağlığı ve güvenliği risk değerlendirmelerinin bu istatistiklere etkileri üzerinde durulmuştur. Bununla birlikte işyerlerinde uygulanan risk değerlendirmelerinin yeterliliğini tespit etmek ve risk değerlendirmelerinin nitelik ve etkinliğini arttırılabilmek amacıyla risk değerlendirmesi performans ölçüm metodolojisi önerilmiştir. Son olarak önerilen metodolojinin Ankara ilinde 43 inşaat işyerlerinin risk değerlendirmelerine uygulanmasından elde edilen veriler sunulmuştur. Elde edilen en yüksek risk değerlendirmesi performans değeri 100 üzerinden 81,7 iken en düşük değer 11,3 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak risk değerlendirmelerinin tehlike ve riski tanımlama seviyeleri bağlamında oldukça düşük olduğu ve performans değerleri arasında da önemli farklar olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

İş sağlığı ve güvenliği risk değerlendirmesi performans ölçüm inşaatlarda iş güvenliği

References

  • Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı (ÇSGB) (2019). İnşaat Sektörü Ölümlü İş Kazaları Analizi Sonuç Raporu. ÇSGB, Ankara, 14-35.
  • Ercan, A. (2010). Türkiye’de yapı sektöründe işçi sağlığı ve güvenliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Politeknik Dergisi, 13(1), 49-53.
  • Erdal, M., Işık N.S., Fırat S. (2018). Evaluation of Occupational Safety Culture in Construction Sector in the Context of Sustainability. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, Springer, vol.7, pp.361-365.
  • Frick, K., Jensen, P. L., Quinlan, M., & Wilthagen, T. (2000). Systematic occupational health and safety management: perspectives on an international development. Pergamon Press, 251-285.
  • Gupta, U. G., & Clarke, R. E. (1996). Theory and applications of the Delphi technique: A bibliography (1975–1994). Technological forecasting and social change, 53(2), 185-211.
  • Hinze, J., & Gambatese, J. (2003). Factors that influence safety performance of specialty contractors. Journal of construction engineering and management, 129(2), 159-164.
  • Hinze, J., Hallowell, M., & Baud, K. (2013). Construction-safety best practices and relationships to safety performance. Journal of construction engineering and management, 139(10), 04013006.
  • Hughes, P., & Ferrett, E. (2010). Introduction to International Health and Safety at Work: for the NEBOSH International General Certificate. Routledge, 69-81.
  • Jaselskis, E. J., Anderson, S. D., & Russell, J. S. (1996). Strategies for achieving excellence in construction safety performance. Journal of construction engineering and management, 122(1), 61-70.
  • Jung, Y., Kang, S., Kim, Y.-S., & Park, C. (2008). Assessment of safety management information systems for general contractors. Safety science, 46(4), 661-674.
  • Kartam, N. A. (1997). Integrating safety and health performance into construction CPM. Journal of construction engineering and management, 123(2), 121-126.
  • Kaya, E. Ç., Ölmezoğlu, N. İ., & Takaoğlu, Z. B. (2018). Risk Değerlendirmesi Ne Kadar Önemli? “İşveren Bakış Açısı”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(4), 10-18.
  • Kıvrak S. (2018). “İnşaat projelerinde kör noktalardan kaynaklanan iş kazalarını önleme sistemi”, Politeknik Dergisi, 21(2): 351-357.
  • Laitinen, H., Marjamäki, M., & Päivärinta, K. (1999). The validity of the TR safety observation method on building construction. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 31(5), 463-472.
  • Lele, D. (2012). Risk assessment: A neglected tool for health, safety, and environment management. Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 16(2), 57.
  • Lingard, H., & Rowlinson, S. (1997). Behavior-based safety management in Hong Kong's construction industry. Journal of safety research, 28(4), 243-256.
  • Manuele, F. A. (2003). On the practice of safety. John Wiley & Sons, 236-288.
  • Mohammadi, A., Tavakolan, M., & Khosravi, Y. (2018). Factors influencing safety performance on construction projects: A review. Safety science, 109, 382-397.
  • National Research Council. (2003). Risk Assessment: Evaluating Risks to Human Health and Safety. Washington, 68-83.
  • Özdemir, M. (2015). A fuzzy structural equation model to analyze relationships between determinants of safety performance in construction sites: development of a safety performance index assessment tool. Middle Esat Technical University.
  • Patel, D., & Jha, K. (2016). Structural equation modeling for relationship-based determinants of safety performance in construction projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 32(6), 05016017.
  • Rajendran, S. (2007). Sustainable construction safety and health rating system. Oregon State University. Ridley, J., & Channing, J. (Eds.). (2008). Safety at Work. Routledge, 177-229.
  • Rowe, G., & Wright, G. (1999). The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: issues and analysis. International journal of forecasting, 15(4), 353-375.United Kingdom Institution of Occupational Safety and Health
  • (IOSH) (2002). Do You Always Test Your Luck? Risk Management Basics for SMEs and Employees, 4-25. Sanni-Anibire, M. O., Mahmoud, A. S., Hassanain, M. A., & Salami, B. A. (2020). A risk assessment approach for enhancing construction safety performance. Safety science, 121, 15-29.
  • Seo, J. W., & Choi, H. H. (2008). Risk-based safety impact assessment methodology for underground construction projects in Korea. Journal of construction engineering and management, 134(1), 72-81. ,
  • SGK, (2021). Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu İstatistik Yılları, Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu: Erişim adresi:http://www.sgk.gov.tr/wps/portal/sgk/tr/kurumsal/istatistik/sgk_ istatistik_yilliklari, (erişim tarihi: 24.10.2022).
  • Thomas Ng, S., Pong Cheng, K., & Martin Skitmore, R. (2005). A framework for evaluating the safety performance of construction contractors. Building and Environment, 40(10), 1347-1355.
  • Wanberg, J., Harper, C., Hallowell, M. R., & Rajendran, S. (2013). Relationship between construction safety and quality performance. Journal of construction engineering and management, 139(10), 04013003.
  • Yıldız, S., & Yılmaz, M. (2017). Türk inşaat sektöründe çalışanların güvenlik kültürü düzeyinin ve güvenlik performansı ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Politeknik Dergisi, 20(1), 137-149.

Year 2023, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 16 - 32, 31.07.2023

Ahmet Esat Korkut Mürsel Erdal

Abstract

In our country, great efforts are made to bring the occupational health and safety legislation to the level of developed countries and to continuously improve the occupational health and safety levels of the workplaces. Among these efforts, the adoption of a risk-based approach in workplaces and the implementation of risk assessment have an important place. In this study, the importance given to risk assessment in the legislation was evaluated by summarizing the regulations made in the occupational health and safety legislation in Turkey. By examining the occupational accident statistics in our country, the effects of the occupational health and safety risk assessments carried out in the workplaces on these statistics are emphasized. In addition, a risk assessment performance measurement methodology has been proposed in order to determine the adequacy of risk assessments applied in workplaces and to increase the quality and effectiveness of risk assessments. Finally, the data obtained from the application of the proposed methodology to the risk assessments of 43 construction workplaces in the province of Ankara are presented. While the highest risk assessment performance value obtained was 81.7 out of 100, the lowest value was determined as 11.3. As a result, it has been determined that risk assessments are quite low in terms of hazard and risk identification levels, and there are significant differences between performance values.

Keywords

Occupational health and safety risk assessment performance measurement occupational safety in construction

References

  • Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı (ÇSGB) (2019). İnşaat Sektörü Ölümlü İş Kazaları Analizi Sonuç Raporu. ÇSGB, Ankara, 14-35.
  • Ercan, A. (2010). Türkiye’de yapı sektöründe işçi sağlığı ve güvenliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Politeknik Dergisi, 13(1), 49-53.
  • Erdal, M., Işık N.S., Fırat S. (2018). Evaluation of Occupational Safety Culture in Construction Sector in the Context of Sustainability. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, Springer, vol.7, pp.361-365.
  • Frick, K., Jensen, P. L., Quinlan, M., & Wilthagen, T. (2000). Systematic occupational health and safety management: perspectives on an international development. Pergamon Press, 251-285.
  • Gupta, U. G., & Clarke, R. E. (1996). Theory and applications of the Delphi technique: A bibliography (1975–1994). Technological forecasting and social change, 53(2), 185-211.
  • Hinze, J., & Gambatese, J. (2003). Factors that influence safety performance of specialty contractors. Journal of construction engineering and management, 129(2), 159-164.
  • Hinze, J., Hallowell, M., & Baud, K. (2013). Construction-safety best practices and relationships to safety performance. Journal of construction engineering and management, 139(10), 04013006.
  • Hughes, P., & Ferrett, E. (2010). Introduction to International Health and Safety at Work: for the NEBOSH International General Certificate. Routledge, 69-81.
  • Jaselskis, E. J., Anderson, S. D., & Russell, J. S. (1996). Strategies for achieving excellence in construction safety performance. Journal of construction engineering and management, 122(1), 61-70.
  • Jung, Y., Kang, S., Kim, Y.-S., & Park, C. (2008). Assessment of safety management information systems for general contractors. Safety science, 46(4), 661-674.
  • Kartam, N. A. (1997). Integrating safety and health performance into construction CPM. Journal of construction engineering and management, 123(2), 121-126.
  • Kaya, E. Ç., Ölmezoğlu, N. İ., & Takaoğlu, Z. B. (2018). Risk Değerlendirmesi Ne Kadar Önemli? “İşveren Bakış Açısı”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(4), 10-18.
  • Kıvrak S. (2018). “İnşaat projelerinde kör noktalardan kaynaklanan iş kazalarını önleme sistemi”, Politeknik Dergisi, 21(2): 351-357.
  • Laitinen, H., Marjamäki, M., & Päivärinta, K. (1999). The validity of the TR safety observation method on building construction. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 31(5), 463-472.
  • Lele, D. (2012). Risk assessment: A neglected tool for health, safety, and environment management. Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 16(2), 57.
  • Lingard, H., & Rowlinson, S. (1997). Behavior-based safety management in Hong Kong's construction industry. Journal of safety research, 28(4), 243-256.
  • Manuele, F. A. (2003). On the practice of safety. John Wiley & Sons, 236-288.
  • Mohammadi, A., Tavakolan, M., & Khosravi, Y. (2018). Factors influencing safety performance on construction projects: A review. Safety science, 109, 382-397.
  • National Research Council. (2003). Risk Assessment: Evaluating Risks to Human Health and Safety. Washington, 68-83.
  • Özdemir, M. (2015). A fuzzy structural equation model to analyze relationships between determinants of safety performance in construction sites: development of a safety performance index assessment tool. Middle Esat Technical University.
  • Patel, D., & Jha, K. (2016). Structural equation modeling for relationship-based determinants of safety performance in construction projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 32(6), 05016017.
  • Rajendran, S. (2007). Sustainable construction safety and health rating system. Oregon State University. Ridley, J., & Channing, J. (Eds.). (2008). Safety at Work. Routledge, 177-229.
  • Rowe, G., & Wright, G. (1999). The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: issues and analysis. International journal of forecasting, 15(4), 353-375.United Kingdom Institution of Occupational Safety and Health
  • (IOSH) (2002). Do You Always Test Your Luck? Risk Management Basics for SMEs and Employees, 4-25. Sanni-Anibire, M. O., Mahmoud, A. S., Hassanain, M. A., & Salami, B. A. (2020). A risk assessment approach for enhancing construction safety performance. Safety science, 121, 15-29.
  • Seo, J. W., & Choi, H. H. (2008). Risk-based safety impact assessment methodology for underground construction projects in Korea. Journal of construction engineering and management, 134(1), 72-81. ,
  • SGK, (2021). Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu İstatistik Yılları, Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu: Erişim adresi:http://www.sgk.gov.tr/wps/portal/sgk/tr/kurumsal/istatistik/sgk_ istatistik_yilliklari, (erişim tarihi: 24.10.2022).
  • Thomas Ng, S., Pong Cheng, K., & Martin Skitmore, R. (2005). A framework for evaluating the safety performance of construction contractors. Building and Environment, 40(10), 1347-1355.
  • Wanberg, J., Harper, C., Hallowell, M. R., & Rajendran, S. (2013). Relationship between construction safety and quality performance. Journal of construction engineering and management, 139(10), 04013003.
  • Yıldız, S., & Yılmaz, M. (2017). Türk inşaat sektöründe çalışanların güvenlik kültürü düzeyinin ve güvenlik performansı ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Politeknik Dergisi, 20(1), 137-149.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ahmet Esat Korkut 0000-0001-7092-846X

Mürsel Erdal 0000-0002-9338-6162

Publication Date July 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 14 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Korkut, A. E., & Erdal, M. (2023). İnşaat Sektöründe Risk Değerlendirmesinin İş Kazalarına Etkisi ve Risk Değerlendirmesi Performansının Ölçülmesi için Metodoloji Önerisi. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 14(2), 16-32.

Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, Ocak ve Temmuz aylarında olmak üzere yılda iki defa çıkarılan ulusal ve uluslararası hakemli bilimsel bir dergidir.