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PSEUDO-JANISSARISM (YENİÇERİLİK İDDİASI) IN THE OTTOMAN PROVINCES (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ADANA): ITS EMERGENCE AND ITS GEOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 9 - 54, 14.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.30517/cihannuma.1131044

Abstract

The privileged status of the Janissaries and the economic/military conditions prevalent in the Ottoman Empire prompted thousands of Muslims to claim a position in the Janissary Corps, often through illegal means. In this article we investigate an important aspect of this process, which we call “pseudo-Janissarism”, and the way it spread on the Ottoman periphery, and discuss the case of Adana, which offers us the opportunity to analyze the social and economic composition of pseudo-Janissaries in the above-mentioned region. We first present a general assessment of the phenomenon in the period from 1600 to 1735, addressing the issue of its rise and early geographical expansion in the empire, its perception by the Ottoman administration, and the reasons behind its development. We claim that the rising numbers of both officially registered Janissaries and pretenders could change the internal dynamics in provincial towns, shape their local politics, and create various struggles over their economic resources. Considering pseudo-Janissarism as a mechanism of tax evasion and provincial networking, we subsequently elaborate on the case study of Adana’s pseudo-Janissaries, who became an important local political pressure group in the course of the eighteenth century, and discuss their socioeconomic profile, with the help of various archival sources.

Supporting Institution

European Research Council (ERC)

Project Number

849911

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Osmanlı Taşrasında Yeniçerilik İddiası ve Adana Örneği: Ortaya Çıkışı, Coğrafi Dağılımı ve Sosyo-Ekonomik Yönleri

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 9 - 54, 14.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.30517/cihannuma.1131044

Abstract

Yeniçerilerin imtiyazlı statüleri ile Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda hüküm süren iktisadi/askeri koşullar, binlerce Müslüman tebaayı genellikle kaidelere aykırı yollardan da olsa Yeniçeri Ocağı’na girmeye sevk etmiştir. Bu makalede, sözü geçen sürecin önemli bir unsuru olan yeniçerilik iddiasının on yedinci ve on sekizinci Osmanlı taşrasında yayılma süreci incelenecek ve Adana örneği üzerinden yeniçerilik iddiasında bulunan bazı şahısların sosyal ve ekonomik profili analiz edilecektir. Bu maksatla, öncelikle 1600-1735 yıllarını kapsayan mühimme defterlerindeki verilere dayanarak, yeniçerilik iddiasının ortaya çıkışı, söz konusu dönemdeki coğrafi dağılımı, Osmanlı idarecileri tarafından algılanışı ile yayılmasındaki muhtelif faktörler tartışılacaktır. Ocağa kayıtlı gerçek yeniçerilerle yeniçerilik iddiasında bulunanların gittikçe artan sayısı, özellikle taşradaki birçok şehrin iç dinamiklerini değiştirerek, taşra siyasetine yön vermiş, bu şehirlerdeki siyasi güç ve kısıtlı ekonomik kaynaklar için yeni mücadeler doğurmuştur. Bu süreci daha iyi anlamak üzere, vergi muafiyeti elde etme ve taşra ağlarına eklemlenme mekanizması olarak değerlendirdiğimiz yeniçerilik iddiasının on sekizinci yüzyıl Adanası’ndaki yansımalarına bakılacaktır. Söz konusu dönemde, yeniçerilik iddiasında bulunan ve kentin önemli bir parçası haline gelen kişilerin sosyal ve ekonomik kimlikleri üzerine bir sondaj çalışması yapılacaktır.

Project Number

849911

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  • ______, “Preliminary Observations on Political Unrest in Eighteenth-Century Ayntab: Popular Protest and Faction”, Political Initiatives ‘From the Bottom Up’ In The Ottoman Empire: Halcyon Days in Crete VII: A Symposium Held in Rethymno 9-11 January 2009, (ed. Antonis Anastasopoulos), Rethymno 2012, p. 33-59.
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There are 87 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yannis Spyropoulos 0000-0002-3199-7347

Aysel Yıldız This is me 0000-0002-0196-6064

Project Number 849911
Publication Date June 14, 2022
Submission Date October 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Spyropoulos, Yannis, and Aysel Yıldız. “PSEUDO-JANISSARISM (YENİÇERİLİK İDDİASI) IN THE OTTOMAN PROVINCES (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ADANA): ITS EMERGENCE AND ITS GEOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS”. Cihannüma Tarih Ve Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi 8, no. 1 (June 2022): 9-54. https://doi.org/10.30517/cihannuma.1131044.