Long-Term Survival After In-Hospital CPR: A Comprehensive Analysis of Predictors Following 177 Code Blue Events
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the characteristics and survival of in-hospital cardiac arrest patients who had cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), followed by return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), to identify predictors of post-discharge survival.
Methodology: This retrospective observational study included 177 patients who developed cardiac arrest within a tertiary hospital and achieved ROSC after code blue (CB)–initiated CPR. Data were extracted from CB notification forms and electronic medical records. Demographic variables, comorbidities, arrest characteristics, CPR parameters, laboratory findings, and post-discharge survival outcomes were analysed. Neurological recovery was assessed using the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scale. Comparisons between survivors and non-survivors after discharge were performed using appropriate statistical tests, and predictors of survival were examined.
Results: Of 177 patients, 55.9% were male, and the mean age was 72.79 ± 14.76 years. Most arrests occurred in internal medicine (65.5%) and after hours (62.1%). The most common diseases were cardiovascular (22.6%) and respiratory diseases (20.3%). 30-day survival was 16.9% and 1-year survival was 11.9%. Only 23.3% had normal neurological function. Post-discharge survivors were younger, had shorter CPR duration, lower adrenaline use, lower inotropic requirements, higher rates of ventricular fibrillation, and more favourable metabolic profiles.
Conclusion: Despite the achievement of return of spontaneous circulation, long-term survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest remains poor.
Keywords
In-hospital cardiac arrest Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Return of spontaneous circulation Long-term survival Neurological outcomes
Ethical Statement
Ethics approval for the study was obtained from the Giresun University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (date:12.11.2025/06 Approval was obtained from the Provincial Health Directorate (E-53593568-771-294556589)
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Anaesthesiology |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | December 12, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | January 22, 2026 |
| Early Pub Date | January 23, 2026 |
| Publication Date | January 23, 2026 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2026 Issue: Advanced Online Publication |
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