Distribution of Pathogens s of Respiratory Tract Infections By Months and Age Groups

Year 2024, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 35 - 41, 31.01.2024

Mediha Uğur , Ahmet Melih Şahin

Abstract

Objective: Respiratory tract infections are a significant public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study is quickly identify respiratory tract infection agents, classify them according to months and age groups, apply treatments appropriate to age and the agent, and prevent inappropriate antibiotic use.
Methods: Patients with an agent in their respiratory tract panels between September 2022 - March 2023 have been included in the study. Samples for respiratory tract panel were studied on QIAstat-DxAnalyzer1.0 (Qiagen®, Hilden, Germany) device with QIAstat-Dx® Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel kit. Results of six months were evaluated retrospectively.
Results: A total of 557 agents were found in 437 patients among 576 inpatients whose respiratory tract panel has been requested. The most frequently seen agent was determined as rhinovirus/enterovirus (25.13%) and the most frequent co-occurence was determined to be rhinovirus/enterovirus - respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The most frequently seen agent in September, October, January and February was rhinovirus/enterovirus while RSV was the most frequent agent in November and December.
Conclusion: Respiratory tract infection agents were analyzed a six-month period, and while the highest positivity rate was detected in December, the 1-18 age range was the group in which the highest number of agents were detected. And the fact that RSV positivity in <1 age group was at high rates (51.58%) is important. Very short detection time for viral agents thanks to molecular methods in 75.86% of patients, who have been hospitalized due to respiratory tract infection with panel testing done, is considered to contribute in reducing improper use of antibiotics.

Keywords

Respiratory Tract Infection, Viral Infections, RSV

Ethical Statement

giresun eğitim araştırma hastanesi etik kurul 22.05.2023/07

References

• Zhang N, Wang L, Deng X, et al. Recent advances in the detection of respiratory virus infection in humans. J Med Virol. 2020;92(4):408–417.
• Hawkes MT, Lee BE, Robinson JL. Seasonality of Respiratory Viruses at Northern Latitudes. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(9):e2124650.
• Huang HS, Tsai CL, Chang J, Hsu TC, Lin S, Lee CC. Multiplex PCR system for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24(10):1055-1063.
• Kanberoğlu Gİ, Güdeloğlu E, Bağ Ö, Ecevi ÇÖ. Akut alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu nedeniyle hastaneye yatan çocuklarda Multiplex-PCR ile saptanan enfeksiyöz etkenlerin değerlendirilmesi. Pamukkale Tıp Derg. 2021;14(3):604-610.
• Alp A, Taşçı O, Ergin A, Köseoğlu Eser Ö. Evaluation of the Respiratory Viral Panel PCR Test Results Before and After COVID-19 Pandemic. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2022;56(4):667-681.
• Aktaş F. Inn:Willke Topçu A, Söyletir G, Doğanay M (eds). Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Mikrobiyolojisi. 4th ed. İstanbul, 2017:719-720.
• Huang E, Wang Y, Yang N, Shu B, Zhang G, Liu D. A fully automated microfluidic PCR-array system for rapid detection of multiple respiratory tract infection pathogens. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2021;413(7):1787–1798.
• Plachouras D, Kärki T, Hansen S, et al. Antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals: results from the second point prevalence survey (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use 2016 to 2017. Euro Surveill. 2018;23(46):1800393.
• Walsh T.L, Taffe K, Sacca N, et al. Risk Factors for Unnecessary Antibiotic Prescribing for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2020;4(1):31-39.
• 1Havers FP, Hicks LA, Chung JR, et al. Outpatient antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections during influenza seasons. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(2): e180243.
• Sur D.K.C, Plesa M.L. Antibiotic Use in Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections. Am Fam Physician. 2022;106(6):628-636.
• Wawruch M, Bozekova L, Krcmery S, Kriska M. Risks of antibiotic treatment. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2002;103(7-8):270-275.
• Jacobs SE, Lamson DM, George K, Walsha TJ. Human Rhinoviruses. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26(1):135–162.
• Olofsson S, Brittain-Long R, Andersson LM, Westin J, Lindh M. PCR for detection of respiratory viruses: seasonal variations of virus infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2011;9(8):615–626.
• García-Arroyo L, Prim N, Del Cuerpo M, et al. Prevalence and seasonality of viral respiratory infections in a temperate climate region: A 24-year study (1997–2020). Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2022;16(4):756–766.
• Moriyama M, Hugentobler WJ, Iwasaki A. Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections. Annu Rev Virol.2020;7(1):83-101.
• Gümüş HH, Yarkın F, Alt Solunum Yolu Enfeksiyonu Olan Çocuklarda Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Enfeksiyon İnsidansının Araştırılması. Dicle Med J. 2022;49(1):176-186.
• Bulut Ö, Kahraman K, Uçar Ç, Ovalı F. Assessment Of Cases Admıtted To The Neonatal Intensıve Care Unıt Wıth Lower Respıratory Tract Infectıon. Kocatepe Medical Journal. 2022;23:75-81.
• Smith D.K, Seales S, Budzik C, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in Children. Am Fam Physician. 2017;95(2):94-99.
• Li Y, Wang X, Blau DM, et al. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022;399(10340):2047-2064.
• Şık G, Demirbuğa A, Annayev A, Cabiri A, Delice E, Çıtak A. Çocuk Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Alt Solunum Yolu Enfeksiyonu Tanısıyla Yatan Hastalarda Viral Patojen Sıklığı ve Hastaların Klinik Özellikleri. J Pediatr Inf. 2020;14(1):27-32.
• Griffiths C, Drews SJ, Marchanta DJ. Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Infection, Detection, and New Options for Prevention and Treatment. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017; 30(1):277-319.
• Mansbach JM, Piedra PA, Teach SJ, et al. Prospective multicenter study of viral etiology and hospital length of stay in children with severe bronchiolitis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012;166(8):700-706.
• Meskill S.D, O’Bryant S.C. Respiratory Virus Co-infection in Acute Respiratory Infections in Children. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2020;22(1):3.
• Derrar F, Izri K, Kaddache C, Boukari R, Hannoun D. Virologic study of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children admitted to the pediatric department of Blida University Hospital, Algeria. New Microbes and New Infect. 2019;30:100536.
• Shieh W.J. Human adenovirus infections in pediatric population -An update on clinico-pathologic correlation. Biomed J. 2022;45(1):38-49.
• Chen Y, Lin T, Wang C. B, et al. Human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in children with acute respiratory tract infections in Guangzhou, China, 2010–2021: a molecular epidemiology study. World J Pediatr. 2022;18(8):545–552.
• Kendall Scott M, Chommanard C, Lu X, et al. Human Adenovirus Associated with Severe Respiratory Infection, Oregon, USA, 2013–2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(6):1044-1051.
• Nypaver C, Dehlinger C, Carter C. Influenza and Influenza Vaccine: A Review. J Midwifery Women’s Health. 2021;66(1):45-53.
• Mifsud EJ, Kuba M, Barr IG. Innate Immune Responses to Influenza Virus Infections in the Upper Respiratory Tract. Viruses. 2021;13(10):2090.
• Çakır N, Durusu Tanrıöver M. Flu and Beyond: The Burden of Adult Influenza Infections and Benefits from Influenza Vaccination. FLORA. 2022;27(3):353-362.
• T.C. SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞI Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar ve Erken Uyarı Dairesi Başkanlığı. Sentinel ILI Sürveyansı, 2022-2023. Haftalık İnfluenza (Grip) Sürveyans Raporu 2023/8.Hafta (20 – 26 Şubat 2023). 2023, ANKARA.
• Çolak M, Aktaş Tapısız A, Güzel Tunçcan Ö, Bozdayı G. Retrospective Evaluation of the Prevelance and Seasonal Distribution of Coronaviridae Positivity Before the COVID-19 Pandemic (2016-2020). FLORA. 2020;25(4):480-489.
• Park S, Lee Y, Michelow IC, Choe YJ. Global seasonality of human coronaviruses: a systematic review. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7:ofaa443.