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Erişkin bir hastada splenomegali ve trombositopeninin nadir bir nedeni: Niemann-Pick Hastalığı

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 24 - 28, 31.08.2025

Abstract

Niemann-Pick hastalığı (NPH), otozomal resesif kalıtılan nadir bir lizozomal depo hastalığıdır ve genellikle bebeklik veya çocukluk döneminde bulgu verir. Erişkin başlangıçlı olgular son derece nadirdir ve çoğunlukla tesadüfen tanı alır. Bu yazıda, preoperatif değerlendirme sırasında trombositopeni saptanması üzerine hematolojiye yönlendirilen 34 yaşında bir kadın hasta sunulmaktadır. Hastada splenomegali (dalak uzunluğu: 200 mm), çocukluk dönemine ait unutkanlık öyküsü ve akraba evliliği mevcuttu. Kemik iliği aspirasyonunda, Niemann-Pick hastalığını düşündüren çok sayıda sea-blue histiyosit ve köpük hücresi saptandı. Enzimatik analizde asit sfingomiyelinaz (ASM) düzeyinin belirgin düşük olup (0.3 nmol/mL/h; referans: 1.3–15); genetik incelemede SMPD1 geninde homozigot c.416T>C (p.L139P) Class 2 mutasyonu tespit edildi. Olgu, Niemann-Pick hastalığı tip A/B olarak değerlendirildi. Bu olgu, lizozomal depo hastalıklarında kemik iliği morfolojisinin tanı koydurucu değerini, özellikle erişkin hastalarda hepatosplenomegali ve sitopeniler gibi klasik bulgular mevcut olduğunda, vurgulamaktadır. Açıklanamayan sitopeni ve splenomegali olgularında, özellikle akraba evliliğinin yaygın olduğu bölgelerde, ayırıcı tanıda Niemann-Pick hastalığı mutlaka göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.

References

  • McGovern MM., Aron A., Brodie SE., et al. Natural history of Type B Niemann-Pick disease: a longitudinal study. Pediatrics 2008; 122(2):e341–9. Doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3016.
  • Schuchman EH., Desnick RJ. Types a and b Niemann-Pick disease. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 120(1-2):27–33. Doi:10.1016/j. ymgme.2016.12.008.
  • Wasserstein MP., Desnick RJ., Schuchman EH., et al. The clinical spectrum of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency. Pediatrics 2004; 114(5):e509–17. Doi:10.1542/peds.2004-0887.
  • Wasserstein MP., Diaz GA., Lachmann RH., et al. Olipudase alfa for treatment of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASCEND): a phase 2/3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Genet Med 2022; 24(6):1357-65. Doi:10.1016/j. gim.2022.02.00
  • Hollak CEM, et al. Clinical utility of enzyme activity and genetic testing in lysosomal storage disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2016;11:95. Doi:10.1016/j.beem.2014.08.010.
  • Wasserstein MP., Dionisi-Vici C., Giugliani R., et al. Recommendations for clinical monitoring of patients with acid sphingomyelinase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126(2):98–105. Doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.11.014.

An Unusual Cause of Splenomegaly and Thrombocytopenia in an Adult: Niemann-Pick Disease

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 24 - 28, 31.08.2025

Abstract

Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder, most commonly presenting in infancy or childhood. Adult-onset cases are extremely uncommon and often diagnosed incidentally. We report a 34-year-old female referred to hematology after thrombocytopenia was detected during a preoperative evaluation. She had splenomegaly (spleen length: 200 mm), a history of childhood forgetfulness, and consanguineous parentage. Bone marrow aspiration revealed numerous sea-blue histiocytes and foam cells, highly suggestive of NPD. Enzymatic analysis demonstrated severely reduced acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity (0.3 nmol/mL/h; reference: 1.3–15), and genetic testing identified a homozygous c.416T>C (p.L139P) Class 2 mutation in the SMPD1 gene. The diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type A/B was confirmed. This case highlights the diagnostic value of bone marrow morphology in lysosomal storage disorders, especially when classical features such as hepatosplenomegaly and cytopenias are present in adults. NPD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained cytopenias and splenomegaly, particularly in regions with high rates of consanguinity.

References

  • McGovern MM., Aron A., Brodie SE., et al. Natural history of Type B Niemann-Pick disease: a longitudinal study. Pediatrics 2008; 122(2):e341–9. Doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3016.
  • Schuchman EH., Desnick RJ. Types a and b Niemann-Pick disease. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 120(1-2):27–33. Doi:10.1016/j. ymgme.2016.12.008.
  • Wasserstein MP., Desnick RJ., Schuchman EH., et al. The clinical spectrum of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency. Pediatrics 2004; 114(5):e509–17. Doi:10.1542/peds.2004-0887.
  • Wasserstein MP., Diaz GA., Lachmann RH., et al. Olipudase alfa for treatment of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASCEND): a phase 2/3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Genet Med 2022; 24(6):1357-65. Doi:10.1016/j. gim.2022.02.00
  • Hollak CEM, et al. Clinical utility of enzyme activity and genetic testing in lysosomal storage disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2016;11:95. Doi:10.1016/j.beem.2014.08.010.
  • Wasserstein MP., Dionisi-Vici C., Giugliani R., et al. Recommendations for clinical monitoring of patients with acid sphingomyelinase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126(2):98–105. Doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.11.014.
There are 6 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Haematology
Journal Section Case Reports
Authors

Hatice Demet Kiper Ünal 0000-0003-2448-7346

Tuğba Çetintepe 0000-0001-5398-235X

Publication Date August 31, 2025
Submission Date July 19, 2025
Acceptance Date August 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kiper Ünal, H. D., & Çetintepe, T. (2025). An Unusual Cause of Splenomegaly and Thrombocytopenia in an Adult: Niemann-Pick Disease. Güncel Tıbbi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 24-28.
AMA Kiper Ünal HD, Çetintepe T. An Unusual Cause of Splenomegaly and Thrombocytopenia in an Adult: Niemann-Pick Disease. CJMR. August 2025;5(2):24-28.
Chicago Kiper Ünal, Hatice Demet, and Tuğba Çetintepe. “An Unusual Cause of Splenomegaly and Thrombocytopenia in an Adult: Niemann-Pick Disease”. Güncel Tıbbi Araştırmaları Dergisi 5, no. 2 (August 2025): 24-28.
EndNote Kiper Ünal HD, Çetintepe T (August 1, 2025) An Unusual Cause of Splenomegaly and Thrombocytopenia in an Adult: Niemann-Pick Disease. Güncel Tıbbi Araştırmaları Dergisi 5 2 24–28.
IEEE H. D. Kiper Ünal and T. Çetintepe, “An Unusual Cause of Splenomegaly and Thrombocytopenia in an Adult: Niemann-Pick Disease”, CJMR, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 24–28, 2025.
ISNAD Kiper Ünal, Hatice Demet - Çetintepe, Tuğba. “An Unusual Cause of Splenomegaly and Thrombocytopenia in an Adult: Niemann-Pick Disease”. Güncel Tıbbi Araştırmaları Dergisi 5/2 (August2025), 24-28.
JAMA Kiper Ünal HD, Çetintepe T. An Unusual Cause of Splenomegaly and Thrombocytopenia in an Adult: Niemann-Pick Disease. CJMR. 2025;5:24–28.
MLA Kiper Ünal, Hatice Demet and Tuğba Çetintepe. “An Unusual Cause of Splenomegaly and Thrombocytopenia in an Adult: Niemann-Pick Disease”. Güncel Tıbbi Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, 2025, pp. 24-28.
Vancouver Kiper Ünal HD, Çetintepe T. An Unusual Cause of Splenomegaly and Thrombocytopenia in an Adult: Niemann-Pick Disease. CJMR. 2025;5(2):24-8.