Research Article

Investigation of Biopesticide Properties of Garlic Extract Compounds Suitable for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Safety against White Mold Disease in Sunflower Production

Volume: 12 Number: 2 January 17, 2026
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Investigation of Biopesticide Properties of Garlic Extract Compounds Suitable for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Safety against White Mold Disease in Sunflower Production

Abstract

This study aimed to develop an environmentally friendly and sustainable biocontrol approach against White Mold Disease (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), which causes significant yield losses in sunflower cultivation. In order to reduce the negative impacts of chemical pesticides and contribute to food security, the biopesticide potential of garlic extract compounds (including Allicin, Alliin, Ajoene, sulfur-containing compounds, Quercetin, Kaempferol, and Apigenin) was evaluated in silico using molecular docking techniques. The molecular interactions between these compounds and the pathogen's lectin protein (2X2T structure) were analyzed via AutoDock Vina, and binding affinities were calculated. Among the tested compounds, Quercetin (-6.3 kcal/mol), Kaempferol (-6.1 kcal/mol), and Apigenin (-6.0 kcal/mol) exhibited the most favorable binding energies, suggesting a higher potential as biopesticide agents. These results highlight the promising inhibitory activity of flavonoid compounds compared to sulfur-based constituents. Structural analysis revealed that the presence of benzene rings and hydroxyl (-OH) groups positively influenced the binding and inhibitory effects, while excessive sulfur content reduced efficacy. The findings contribute to the rational design of novel, eco-friendly and sustainable biopesticides, offering valuable insights into functional group effects for future pesticide development in line with Green Deal objectives and sustainable agriculture strategies.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Kırklareli University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (KLÜBAP)

Project Number

KLÜBAP-278

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve any human participants or animal experiments; therefore, ethical approval was not required. Research and publication ethics were followed.

Thanks

This article was supported by the Kırklareli University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (KLÜBAP) under the project numbered KLÜBAP-278, titled “Investigation of Biopesticide Properties of Garlic Extract Compounds Suitable for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Safety against White Mold Disease in Sunflower Production”.

References

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  3. Bolton, M. D., Thomma, B. P., & Nelson, B. D. (2006). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary: Biology and molecular traits of a cosmopolitan pathogen. Molecular Plant Pathology, 7(1), 1–16.
  4. Cavalcanti, V. P., Araújo, N. A. F., Machado, N. B., Júnior, P. S. P. C., Pasqual, M., Alves, E., & Doria, J. (2020). Yeasts and Bacillus spp. as potential biocontrol agents of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in garlic. Scientia Horticulturae, 261, 108931.
  5. Ecer, K., Güner, O., & Çetin, M. (2021). Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı ve Türkiye ekonomisinin uyum politikaları. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 125–144.
  6. Focke, M., Feld, A., & Lichtenthaler, H. K. (1990). Allicin, a naturally occurring antibiotic from garlic, specifically inhibits acetyl-CoA synthetase. FEBS Letters, 261(1), 106–108.
  7. Frisch, A. (2009). Gaussian 09W reference (25 p., 470). Wallingford, USA: Gaussian, Inc.
  8. Gulya, T. J., Harveson, R., Mathew, F., Block, C., Thompson, S., Kandel, H., Berglund, D., Sandbakken, J., Kleingartner, L., & Markell, S. (2019). Comprehensive disease survey of U.S. sunflower: Disease trends, research priorities and unanticipated impacts. Plant Disease, 103(4), 601–618.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Natural Products and Bioactive Compounds, Physical Organic Chemistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

January 17, 2026

Submission Date

October 2, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 19, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 12 Number: 2

APA
Keşkek Karabulut, Y. (2026). Investigation of Biopesticide Properties of Garlic Extract Compounds Suitable for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Safety against White Mold Disease in Sunflower Production. Caucasian Journal of Science, 12(2), 100-122. https://doi.org/10.48138/cjo.1795498
AMA
1.Keşkek Karabulut Y. Investigation of Biopesticide Properties of Garlic Extract Compounds Suitable for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Safety against White Mold Disease in Sunflower Production. Caucasian J. Sci. 2026;12(2):100-122. doi:10.48138/cjo.1795498
Chicago
Keşkek Karabulut, Yasemin. 2026. “Investigation of Biopesticide Properties of Garlic Extract Compounds Suitable for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Safety Against White Mold Disease in Sunflower Production”. Caucasian Journal of Science 12 (2): 100-122. https://doi.org/10.48138/cjo.1795498.
EndNote
Keşkek Karabulut Y (January 1, 2026) Investigation of Biopesticide Properties of Garlic Extract Compounds Suitable for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Safety against White Mold Disease in Sunflower Production. Caucasian Journal of Science 12 2 100–122.
IEEE
[1]Y. Keşkek Karabulut, “Investigation of Biopesticide Properties of Garlic Extract Compounds Suitable for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Safety against White Mold Disease in Sunflower Production”, Caucasian J. Sci., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 100–122, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.48138/cjo.1795498.
ISNAD
Keşkek Karabulut, Yasemin. “Investigation of Biopesticide Properties of Garlic Extract Compounds Suitable for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Safety Against White Mold Disease in Sunflower Production”. Caucasian Journal of Science 12/2 (January 1, 2026): 100-122. https://doi.org/10.48138/cjo.1795498.
JAMA
1.Keşkek Karabulut Y. Investigation of Biopesticide Properties of Garlic Extract Compounds Suitable for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Safety against White Mold Disease in Sunflower Production. Caucasian J. Sci. 2026;12:100–122.
MLA
Keşkek Karabulut, Yasemin. “Investigation of Biopesticide Properties of Garlic Extract Compounds Suitable for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Safety Against White Mold Disease in Sunflower Production”. Caucasian Journal of Science, vol. 12, no. 2, Jan. 2026, pp. 100-22, doi:10.48138/cjo.1795498.
Vancouver
1.Yasemin Keşkek Karabulut. Investigation of Biopesticide Properties of Garlic Extract Compounds Suitable for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Safety against White Mold Disease in Sunflower Production. Caucasian J. Sci. 2026 Jan. 1;12(2):100-22. doi:10.48138/cjo.1795498

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