Kurşun ve Çinko Yataklarının Hidrokarbon Aramacılığındaki Rolü

Abstract

Sedimanter havzalar, hem fosil enerji kaynakları hem de metalik maden yatakları için önemli depolardır. Petrol ve doğal gaz rezervuarları ile metalik maden yatakları arasında yakın bir ilişki olduğu çok sayıda çalışmada belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, hem kaynak kayaların hem de petrol kaynaklarının yüksek miktarda metal içeriğine sahip olduğu da birçok çalışmada belirlenmiştir. Bölgesel ölçekte, hem Pb-Zn yatakları hem de hidrokarbon rezervuarları veya emareleri genel olarak havzanın aynı tektonik birimleri tarafından sınırlandırılmakta ve benzer yapılar (özellikle bölgesel antiklinal, dom veya paleo-yükselimler) tarafından kontrol edilmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, diyajenez sırasında sediman gözeneklerinden ayrılan hidrokarbonların ve Pb-Zn cevherlerinin aynı hidrotermal akışkan tarafından birlikte taşınması ve biriktirilmesi sonucunda oluştuğunu, dolayısıyla, Pb-Zn cevherleri ve yan kayaçlardaki organik maddenin ortak bir kaynağa sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Diğer bir ifade ile, bir sedimanter havzadaki organik maddece ve Pb-Zn’ce zengin sedimanlar, hem Pb-Zn yatakları hem de hidrokarbon rezervuarları için bir kaynak olarak kullanılmaktadır. Topoğrafik yükselme ve havzanın sıkışması sonucunda sıklaşan sedimanlardan türeyen Pb-Zn ve hidrokarbon içeren akışkanlar, akiferler boyunca göç etmekte; ana ve alt havzadaki faylar boyunca havzanın kenarlarına ve paleo-yükselimlere yönelmektedir. Böylece, farklı çökelme ve kapanlanma mekanizmaları ile karakterize edilen havzanın farklı alt bölümlerindeki Pb-Zn yatakları ve hidrokarbon rezervuarlarını oluşturmaktadırlar. Pb-Zn yatakları; faylar, kırık bölgeleri, karstik/erime boşlukları ve uyumsuzluk yüzeyleri ile cevherli akışkanların uygun jeokimyasal bariyerlerle karşılaştığı alanlarda çökelmektedir. Hidrokarbonlar ise, stratigrafik, litolojik ve yapısal kapanlarda birikmektedir. Çalışmada, işletilebilir boyutta bir yataklanma oluşturabilmiş Pb-Zn yataklarının bulunduğu alanlarda, bu yatakların petrol ve doğalgaz aramak için sığ ve güvenilir bir belirteç olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• petrol ve doğalgaz arama,hidrokarbon,Pb-Zn yatağı,Pb-Zn cevherleşmesi,metalik maden,kurşun,çinko,jeokimyasal belirteç

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